IEC 63080:2017
(Main)Accessibility terms and definitions
Accessibility terms and definitions
IEC 63080:2017 contains a list of currently used terminology to describe accessibility and terms that writers of standards need when writing and designing International Standards. It is important to standardize and define a recognized list of the terms already used and in existing ITU Recommendations and Resolutions, along with those in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Without such a list, there could be confusion not only on the part of writers and implementers of standards, but also by the public at large. It is also important to eliminate terminology that is no longer used, offensive, and demeaning to persons with disabilities (PWD) and others.
Termes et définitions relatifs à l'accessibilité
L'IEC 63080:2017 contient une liste des termes actuellement utilisés pour décrire l'accessibilité, ainsi que des termes dont les rédacteurs de normes ont besoin au moment de l'élaboration des Normes internationales. Il est important de normaliser et de définir une liste établie des termes d'ores et déjà utilisés dans les recommandations et résolutions de l'UIT, ainsi que dans la Convention relative aux droits des personnes handicapées de l'Organisation des Nations Unies (UNCRPD). L'absence d'une telle liste pourrait entraîner une confusion, non seulement de la part des rédacteurs de normes et des responsables de leur mise en œuvre, mais aussi au sein du grand public. Il importe également de supprimer les termes obsolètes, injurieux et dévalorisants, notamment envers les personnes handicapées.
La terminologie du présent document a vocation a être utilisée dans le cadre des travaux internationaux en anglais autour des questions d'accessibilité des télécommunications/ICT. Le présent document s'applique également à la vie quotidienne et à tous les usages, y compris la conception de sites Web et autres écrits, de même qu'à la normalisation des ICT, des télécommunications et de la radiodiffusion. L'objectif est aussi d'intégrer cette terminologie aux documents de gestion, réglementaires et académiques à venir, de manière à maintenir une cohérence en vue de la compatibilité et de la compréhension à l'échelle mondiale. Les travaux créés, rédigés ou approuvés à l'avenir sont susceptibles de contenir de nouveaux termes ajoutés en fonction des besoins, par consensus, dans le cadre d'une révision.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 63080
®
Edition 1.0 2017-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Accessibility terms and definitions –
IEC 63080:2017-07(en)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2017 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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IEC 63080
®
Edition 1.0 2017-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Accessibility terms and definitions –
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 01.040.01; 11.180.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-4658-0
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Abbreviated terms . 12
5 Conventions . 12
6 Terminology. 12
6.1 Access service or accessibility service . 12
6.2 Accessibility . 13
6.3 Accessibility content . 13
6.4 Accessibility feature . 13
6.5 Assistive listening devices (ALD) . 13
6.6 Assistive listening system (ALS) . 13
6.7 Assistive technology (AT) . 14
6.8 Audio and spoken subtitles . 14
6.9 Audio captions/captioning . 14
6.10 Audio description . 14
6.11 Captions/captioning . 14
6.12 Clean audio . 15
6.13 Closed/open accessibility services . 15
6.14 Design for all (deprecated) . 15
6.15 Disability . 15
6.16 Human factors or ergonomics . 15
6.17 Impairment . 16
6.18 Inclusive design . 16
6.19 Interface accessibility . 16
6.20 Keyboard emulator . 17
6.21 Lip-reading and lip-reading interpretation . 17
6.22 Lip speaking or oral interpreters . 17
6.23 Mainstreaming . 17
6.24 Persons with age-related disabilities . 17
6.25 Persons with disabilities (PWD) . 18
6.26 Persons with specific needs . 18
6.27 Pixelation . 18
6.28 Platform accessibility features. 18
6.29 Profile settings . 18
6.30 Real time . 18
6.31 Relay service . 19
6.32 Remote participation . 19
6.33 Respeaking . 20
6.34 Screen magnification software . 20
6.35 Screen reader software . 20
6.36 Sign language . 20
6.37 Sign language interpretation . 21
6.38 Special needs . 21
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IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017 – 3 –
6.39 Specific needs . 21
6.40 Subtitles . 21
6.41 Supplementary audio services . 22
6.42 Universal design . 22
Annex A (informative) Deprecated terminology . 23
A.1 General . 23
A.2 Elderly . 23
A.3 Handicapped . 23
A.4 Hearing impairment . 23
A.5 Inclusive design, design for all, or accessible design . 23
A.6 Persons with special needs . 23
Bibliography . 24
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ACCESSIBILITY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS –
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and
non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates
closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined
by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 63080 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 100: Audio,
video and multimedia systems and equipment.
ITU-T F.791:2015 has served as a basis for the elaboration of this standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
100/2775/CDV 100/2873/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017 – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
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– 6 – IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017
INTRODUCTION
This document defines words describing accessibility, disability, and technical terms to be
used for improving the writing in relation to standardization, and to facilitate accurately the
needs and the mainstreaming of accessibility in standards that will include persons with
disabilities (PWD), older persons with age-related disabilities and persons with specific needs.
See WTDC Res. 58, WTDC AP and ITU–T F.790, listed in the Bibliography.
With the advent of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(see UNCRPD in the Bibliography), its passage in 2006, and its ratification by numerous
countries, many new terms and definitions were created. Some of these terms and definitions
were created at the behest of PWD themselves to eradicate terms that were demeaning,
insulting, and inaccurate.
Writers of standards are able to mainstream accessibility features into standards, as well as
to write specific standards for accessibility. To design products and services successfully,
there is a need for a common language. This document is intended to give definitions so that
it will make it easier for industries to implement these accessibility features and accessibility
standards if everyone is using the same language and vocabulary. It is also important that
governments, government agencies, non-government organizations (NGOs), the UN, and its
respective agencies normalize these terms for their integration into mainstream everyday
language.
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), Article 9, made
clear the need to include PWD, older persons with age-related disabilities, and persons with
specific needs by mainstreaming them into all aspects of modern life. This can only be done
by including them in the design of modern technology and information and communication
technologies (ICTs) using universal design as defined in the UNCRPD and using a common
language and vocabulary.
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IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017 – 7 –
ACCESSIBILITY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS –
1 Scope
This document contains a list of currently used terminology to describe accessibility and terms
that writers of standards need when writing and designing International Standards. It is
important to standardize and define a recognized list of the terms already used and in existing
ITU Recommendations and Resolutions, along with those in the UN Convention on the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Without such a list, there could be confusion not only
on the part of writers and implementers of standards, but also by the public at large. It is also
important to eliminate terminology that is no longer used, offensive, and demeaning to
persons with disabilities (PWD) and others.
The terminology in this document is for use in international work when English is used to refer
to telecommunication/ICT accessibility matters. This document is also applicable to everyday
life and all usages, including web design and other writings, as well as ICT,
telecommunications, and broadcasting standardization. The aim is for it to also be
mainstreamed into future policy, regulatory, and academic documents so as to be consistent
with global compatibility and understanding. In the future, work that is yet to be created,
written, or approved could include new terms that are added as appropriate by consensus in a
revision.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
access service
accessibility service
provision of features intended to make primary audiovisual content accessible to users with
specific needs, preferences, or in specific environmental contexts
3.2
accessibility
degree to which a product, device, service, or environment (virtual or real) is available to as
many people as possible
3.3
accessibility content
accessibility of the content delivered by an audiovisual media solution, i.e. captions, subtitles,
audio description, audio subtitles, etc., and differentiated from the solution's interface
accessibility
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– 8 – IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017
Note 1 to entry: Access services are a primary means of delivering content so that it will be accessible to PWD as
well as persons with specific needs.
3.4
accessibility feature
additional content component that is intended to assist people hindered in their ability to
perceive an aspect of the main content
3.5
ALD
assistive listening devices
devices enabling persons who are hard of hearing to hear sounds on an improved basis
3.6
ALS
assistive listening system
assistive technology (AT) systems using electromagnetic, radio or light waves, or a
combination of the two, enabling transmission of the acoustic signal from the sound source (a
loudspeaker or a person talking) directly to the hard-of-hearing person's ALD
3.7
AT
assistive technology
equipment, product system, hardware, software or service that is used to increase, maintain
or improve capabilities of persons
Note 1 to entry: Assistive technology is an umbrella term that is broader than assistive products.
Note 2 to entry: Assistive technology can include assistive services, and professional services needed for
assessment, recommendation and provision.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014, 2.16, modified — "individuals" replaced by "persons" for
consistency within this document.]
3.8
audio and spoken subtitles
subtitle text rendered into speech by a human voice artist or a synthetic voice with a text-to-
speech software programme
3.9
audio captions
audio captioning
captions that are read aloud and reflected as speech
Note 1 to entry: It can also be used to designate the audio content of an audiovisual work or sequence in any
language along with action. It is read aloud by a human or a specific apparatus that converts the text into speech.
Note 2 to entry: Audio captions can be called "audio subtitles" or "spoken subtitles" in the case of foreign
language dialogue.
3.10
audio description
additional audio track to aid persons with visual impairments who cannot follow the visual
content
Note 1 to entry: Audio description is also known as "video description", "visual description", and "described
video".
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IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017 – 9 –
3.11
captions
captioning
real-time transcription of spoken words, sound effects, relevant musical cues, and other
relevant audio information in live or pre-recorded events
Note 1 to entry: Captions can be open, not adjustable by the user, or closed where they can be turned on and off
by the users at will. See 3.13 for further explanation of open and closed accessible services.
3.12
clean audio
enhanced audio signal by means of signal processing, with improved intelligibility of the
dialogue with respect to ambient noise, background noise, music, etc.
Note 1 to entry: This can also apply to the quality of the audio used for audio captioning (see 3.9), audio
description (see 3.10), and subtitles (see 3.39).
3.13
closed/open accessibility services
accessibility services – audio description, audio subtitling, captioning, and sign language –
that have the possibility of being selected by the end user
Note 1 to entry: When selected by the end user, it is closed. If it cannot be selected or turned off by the user, it is
an open service, i.e. open caption.
3.14
design for all
design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to, and usable by all
persons, especially including persons with disabilities (PWD), and persons who were born
with specific needs
3.15
disability
restriction or inability to perform a function or activity in the manner or the range considered
average or accepted functionality, resulting from an impairment or reduction of ability, which
can be either permanent or temporary
3.16
human factors
ergonomics
usability and proper interaction between persons for products and devices; services, systems;
and environments, both real and virtual
3.17
impairment
loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function
3.18
interface accessibility
accessibility of the set of provisions that allow a user to operate and control audiovisual media
solutions
3.19
keyboard emulator
hardware/software input device that emulates the key press outputs of an alphanumeric
keyboard
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– 10 – IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017
3.20
lip-reading
lip-reading interpretation
form of communication and interpretation used by persons who are hard of hearing, or
persons who are deaf who may or may not use sign language
3.21
lip speaking interpreters
oral interpreters
technique of interpretation for persons who are deaf and hard of hearing, where a trained
interpreter speaks silently the dialogue in the audio visual content or in any other event in real
time, so that the speech is clearly discernible for persons with hearing disabilities who can lip-
read the words from the interpreter's mouth without the use of sign language
3.22
mainstreaming
inclusion of persons with disabilities (PWD) in everyday life without segregation in the
environment, education, technology, i.e. access to telephones, the Internet, the web, and all
ICTs
3.23
persons with age-related disabilities
persons with cognitive and physical disabilities that are caused by the aging process itself,
e.g. diminished eyesight, deafness in varying degrees, reduced mobility, or cognitive abilities
3.24
persons with disabilities
PWD
persons with a disability according to UNCRPD
3.25
persons with specific needs
persons with disabilities (PWD), persons who are not literate, those with learning disabilities,
children, indigenous people, older persons with age-related disabilities, and anyone who has
a temporary disability
3.26
pixelation
display of a bitmap or a section of a bitmap at such a large size that individual pixels become
visible, making the image "jagged" and more difficult to decipher
3.27
platform accessibility features
accessibility functionality provided as standard on a particular hardware/software platform
3.28
profile settings
ability for the users to store and retrieve multiple profiles containing sets of user interface
preference settings without having to reset them each time, including accessibility settings
3.29
real time
data or services (e.g. broadcasting) that are transmitted with virtually no delay
3.30
relay service
telephone service that enables a person who is deaf or hard of hearing or whose speech is
not clearly understood to place and receive telephone calls in real time
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IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017 – 11 –
3.31
remote participation
participation in a meeting from a separate geographical location, using communication
technologies
[SOURCE: ITU-T A-Sup. 4 (06/2015) Supplement on guidelines for remote participation]
3.32
respeaking
technique to produce captions where a person ("the respeaker") listens to the speech and
re-speaks it, such that the respeaker's vocal input is processed by a speech recognition
software that transcribes it and produces the captions
3.33
screen magnification software
software application used by a person with low vision to magnify a portion of the text and/or
graphics displayed on a video screen sufficiently to enable reading and comprehension
3.34
screen reader software
software application used by a person who is blind or otherwise "print impaired" to identify
and interpret what is being displayed on a video display and read aloud using speech
synthesis
3.35
sign language
signed language
visual signing
natural language that, instead of acoustically conveying sound patterns, uses manual
communication with the hands, facial expressions, and body language to convey meaning
3.36
sign language interpretation
synchronized showing of an interpreter who uses sign language to convey the main audio
content and dialogue to people who use sign language and also to some lip readers who can
combine lip-reading with sign language
Note 1 to entry: In certain cases, a synthetic construct can be used in place of an interpreter.
Note 2 to entry: This is also done live when an interpreter is physically present.
3.37
special needs
identification in forms or signs of any accessibility accommodation that a person with
disabilities or a person with specific needs may require to help them be able to participate
Note 1 to entry: Not to be used to refer to persons (see clauses 3.38, 6.38, and Annex A).
Note 2 to entry: This term has a different usage when referring to countries, see [WTDC Res.58], and [WTDC AP].
3.38
specific needs
DEPRECATED: special needs
wide range of categories of persons including women, children, youth, indigenous people,
older persons with age related disabilities, persons with illiteracy, as well as persons with
disabilities (PWD)
SEE [ITU PP Res.175], [WTDC Res.58], [WTDC AP], and 6.39.
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– 12 – IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017
3.39
subtitles
on-screen text translation between languages of the dialogue in any audiovisual content
3.40
supplementary audio services
additional audio soundtrack that provides additional features or function over and above that
provided by the main audio stream
3.41
universal design
DEPRECATED: inclusive design
mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to, and usable by, as many people
as reasonably possible without the need for special adaptation or specialized design
4 Abbreviated terms
ALD assistive listening devices
ALS assistive listening system
AT assistive technology
CART communication access real-time translation (i.e., real-time captioning)
EPG electronic programme guide
G3ict global initiative for inclusive ICTs
HD high definition
ICT information and communication technolo
...
IEC 63080
®
Edition 1.0 2017-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Accessibility terms and definitions
Termes et définitions relatifs à l'accessibilité
IEC 63080:2017-07(en-fr)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 63080
®
Edition 1.0 2017-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Accessibility terms and definitions
Termes et définitions relatifs à l'accessibilité
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 01.040.01; 11.180.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-9387-4
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – IEC 63080:2017 © IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Abbreviated terms . 12
5 Conventions . 12
6 Terminology. 12
6.1 Access service or accessibility service . 12
6.2 Accessibility . 13
6.3 Accessibility content . 13
6.4 Accessibility feature . 13
6.5 Assistive listening devices (ALD) . 13
6.6 Assistive listening system (ALS) . 13
6.7 Assistive technology (AT) . 14
6.8 Audio and spoken subtitles . 14
6.9 Audio captions/captioning . 14
6.10 Audio description . 14
6.11 Captions/captioning . 14
6.12 Clean audio . 15
6.13 Closed/open accessibility services . 15
6.14 Design for all (deprecated) . 15
6.15 Disability . 15
6.16 Human factors or ergonomics . 15
6.17 Impairment . 16
6.18 Inclusive design . 16
6.19 Interface accessibility . 16
6.20 Keyboard emulator . 17
6.21 Lip-reading and lip-reading interpretation . 17
6.22 Lip speaking or oral interpreters . 17
6.23 Mainstreaming . 17
6.24 Persons with age-related disabilities . 17
6.25 Persons with disabilities (PWD) . 18
6.26 Persons with specific needs . 18
6.27 Pixelation . 18
6.28 Platform accessibility features. 18
6.29 Profile settings . 18
6.30 Real time . 18
6.31 Relay service . 19
6.32 Remote participation . 19
6.33 Respeaking . 20
6.34 Screen magnification software . 20
6.35 Screen reader software . 20
6.36 Sign language . 20
6.37 Sign language interpretation . 21
6.38 Special needs . 21
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6.39 Specific needs . 21
6.40 Subtitles . 21
6.41 Supplementary audio services . 22
6.42 Universal design . 22
Annex A (informative) Deprecated terminology . 23
A.1 General . 23
A.2 Elderly . 23
A.3 Handicapped . 23
A.4 Hearing impairment . 23
A.5 Inclusive design, design for all, or accessible design . 23
A.6 Persons with special needs . 23
Bibliography . 24
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ACCESSIBILITY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and
non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates
closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined
by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 63080 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 100: Audio,
video and multimedia systems and equipment.
ITU-T F.791:2015 has served as a basis for the elaboration of this standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
100/2775/CDV 100/2873/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in
the report on voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
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The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
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INTRODUCTION
This document defines words describing accessibility, disability, and technical terms to be
used for improving the writing in relation to standardization, and to facilitate accurately the
needs and the mainstreaming of accessibility in standards that will include persons with
disabilities (PWD), older persons with age-related disabilities and persons with specific needs.
See WTDC Res. 58, WTDC AP and ITU–T F.790, listed in the Bibliography.
With the advent of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
(see UNCRPD in the Bibliography), its passage in 2006, and its ratification by numerous
countries, many new terms and definitions were created. Some of these terms and definitions
were created at the behest of PWD themselves to eradicate terms that were demeaning,
insulting, and inaccurate.
Writers of standards are able to mainstream accessibility features into standards, as well as
to write specific standards for accessibility. To design products and services successfully,
there is a need for a common language. This document is intended to give definitions so that
it will make it easier for industries to implement these accessibility features and accessibility
standards if everyone is using the same language and vocabulary. It is also important that
governments, government agencies, non-government organizations (NGOs), the UN, and its
respective agencies normalize these terms for their integration into mainstream everyday
language.
The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), Article 9, made
clear the need to include PWD, older persons with age-related disabilities, and persons with
specific needs by mainstreaming them into all aspects of modern life. This can only be done
by including them in the design of modern technology and information and communication
technologies (ICTs) using universal design as defined in the UNCRPD and using a common
language and vocabulary.
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ACCESSIBILITY TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
1 Scope
This document contains a list of currently used terminology to describe accessibility and terms
that writers of standards need when writing and designing International Standards. It is
important to standardize and define a recognized list of the terms already used and in existing
ITU Recommendations and Resolutions, along with those in the UN Convention on the Rights
of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD). Without such a list, there could be confusion not only
on the part of writers and implementers of standards, but also by the public at large. It is also
important to eliminate terminology that is no longer used, offensive, and demeaning to
persons with disabilities (PWD) and others.
The terminology in this document is for use in international work when English is used to refer
to telecommunication/ICT accessibility matters. This document is also applicable to everyday
life and all usages, including web design and other writings, as well as ICT,
telecommunications, and broadcasting standardization. The aim is for it to also be
mainstreamed into future policy, regulatory, and academic documents so as to be consistent
with global compatibility and understanding. In the future, work that is yet to be created,
written, or approved could include new terms that are added as appropriate by consensus in a
revision.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
access service
accessibility service
provision of features intended to make primary audiovisual content accessible to users with
specific needs, preferences, or in specific environmental contexts
3.2
accessibility
degree to which a product, device, service, or environment (virtual or real) is available to as
many people as possible
3.3
accessibility content
accessibility of the content delivered by an audiovisual media solution, i.e. captions, subtitles,
audio description, audio subtitles, etc., and differentiated from the solution's interface
accessibility
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Note 1 to entry: Access services are a primary means of delivering content so that it will be accessible to PWD as
well as persons with specific needs.
3.4
accessibility feature
additional content component that is intended to assist people hindered in their ability to
perceive an aspect of the main content
3.5
ALD
assistive listening devices
devices enabling persons who are hard of hearing to hear sounds on an improved basis
3.6
ALS
assistive listening system
assistive technology (AT) systems using electromagnetic, radio or light waves, or a
combination of the two, enabling transmission of the acoustic signal from the sound source (a
loudspeaker or a person talking) directly to the hard-of-hearing person's ALD
3.7
AT
assistive technology
equipment, product system, hardware, software or service that is used to increase, maintain
or improve capabilities of persons
Note 1 to entry: Assistive technology is an umbrella term that is broader than assistive products.
Note 2 to entry: Assistive technology can include assistive services, and professional services needed for
assessment, recommendation and provision.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014, 2.16, modified – "individuals" replaced by "persons" for
consistency within this document.]
3.8
audio and spoken subtitles
subtitle text rendered into speech by a human voice artist or a synthetic voice with a text-to-
speech software programme
3.9
audio captions
audio captioning
captions that are read aloud and reflected as speech
Note 1 to entry: It can also be used to designate the audio content of an audiovisual work or sequence in any
language along with action. It is read aloud by a human or a specific apparatus that converts the text into speech.
Note 2 to entry: Audio captions can be called "audio subtitles" or "spoken subtitles" in the case of foreign
language dialogue.
3.10
audio description
additional audio track to aid persons with visual impairments who cannot follow the visual
content
Note 1 to entry: Audio description is also known as "video description", "visual description", and "described
video".
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3.11
captions
captioning
real-time transcription of spoken words, sound effects, relevant musical cues, and other
relevant audio information in live or pre-recorded events
Note 1 to entry: Captions can be open, not adjustable by the user, or closed where they can be turned on and off
by the users at will. See 3.13 for further explanation of open and closed accessible services.
3.12
clean audio
enhanced audio signal by means of signal processing, with improved intelligibility of the
dialogue with respect to ambient noise, background noise, music, etc.
Note 1 to entry: This can also apply to the quality of the audio used for audio captioning (see 3.9), audio
description (see 3.10), and subtitles (see 3.39).
3.13
closed/open accessibility services
accessibility services – audio description, audio subtitling, captioning, and sign language –
that have the possibility of being selected by the end user
Note 1 to entry: When selected by the end user, it is closed. If it cannot be selected or turned off by the user, it is
an open service, i.e. open caption.
3.14
design for all
design of mainstream products and/or services that are accessible to, and usable by all
persons, especially including persons with disabilities (PWD), and persons who were born
with specific needs
3.15
disability
restriction or inability to perform a function or activity in the manner or the range considered
average or accepted functionality, resulting from an impairment or reduction of ability, which
can be either permanent or temporary
3.16
human factors
ergonomics
usability and proper interaction between persons for products and devices; services, systems;
and environments, both real and virtual
3.17
impairment
loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function
3.18
interface accessibility
accessibility of the set of provisions that allow a user to operate and control audiovisual media
solutions
3.19
keyboard emulator
hardware/software input device that emulates the key press outputs of an alphanumeric
keyboard
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3.20
lip-reading
lip-reading interpretation
form of communication and interpretation used by persons who are hard of hearing, or
persons who are deaf who may or may not use sign language
3.21
lip speaking interpreters
oral interpreters
technique of interpretation for persons who are deaf and hard of hearing, where a trained
interpreter speaks silently the dialogue in the audio visual content or in any other event in real
time, so that the speech is clearly discernible for persons with hearing disabilities who can lip-
read the words from the interpreter's mouth without the use of sign language
3.22
mainstreaming
inclusion of persons with disabilities (PWD) in everyday life without segregation in the
environment, education, technology, i.e. access to telephones, the Internet, the web, and all
ICTs
3.23
persons with age-related disabilities
persons with cognitive and physical disabilities that are caused by the aging process itself,
e.g. diminished eyesight, deafness in varying degrees, reduced mobility, or cognitive abilities
3.24
persons with disabilities
PWD
persons with a disability according to UNCRPD
3.25
persons with specific needs
persons with disabilities (PWD), persons who are not literate, those with learning disabilities,
children, indigenous people, older persons with age-related disabilities, and anyone who has
a temporary disability
3.26
pixelation
display of a bitmap or a section of a bitmap at such a large size that individual pixels become
visible, making the image "jagged" and more difficult to decipher
3.27
platform accessibility features
accessibility functionality provided as standard on a particular hardware/software platform
3.28
profile settings
ability for the users to store and retrieve multiple profiles containing sets of user interface
preference settings without having to reset them each time, including accessibility settings
3.29
real time
data or services (e.g. broadcasting) that are transmitted with virtually no delay
3.30
relay service
telephone service that enables a person who is deaf or hard of hearing or whose speech is
not clearly understood to place and receive telephone calls in real time
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3.31
remote participation
participation in a meeting from a separate geographical location, using communication
technologies
[SOURCE: ITU-T A-Sup. 4 (06/2015) Supplement on guidelines for remote participation]
3.32
respeaking
technique to produce captions where a person ("the respeaker") listens to the speech and
re-speaks it, such that the respeaker's vocal input is processed by a speech recognition
software that transcribes it and produces the captions
3.33
screen magnification software
software application used by a person with low vision to magnify a portion of the text and/or
graphics displayed on a video screen sufficiently to enable reading and comprehension
3.34
screen reader software
software application used by a person who is blind or otherwise "print impaired" to identify
and interpret what is being displayed on a video display and read aloud using speech
synthesis
3.35
sign language
signed language
visual signing
natural language that, instead of acoustica
...
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