CISPR 16-2-1:2008
(Main)Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Conducted disturbance measurements
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity - Conducted disturbance measurements
CISPR 16-2-1:2008 specifies the methods of measurement of disturbance phenomena in general in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz and especially of conducted disturbance phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz. This second edition of CISPR 16-2-1 cancels and replaces the first edition (2003) and its Amendment 1 (2005) and constitutes a technical revision. CISPR 16-2-1:2008 includes significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition. In general, this new edition aims at reducing compliance uncertainty in correspondence with findings in CISPR 16-4-1. Guidelines are given on
- resonance-free connection of the AMN to reference ground,
- avoidance of ground loops, and
- avoidance of ambiguities of the test setup of EUT and AMN with respect to the reference ground plane.
In addition, terms are clarified, a new type of ancillary equipment (CVP) is applied, and a clarification for the use of the AAN and AMN on the same EUT is provided.
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de l'immunité - Mesures des perturbations conduites
La CISPR 16-2-1:2008 spécifie les méthodes de mesure des phénomènes perturbateurs en général, dans la gamme de fréquences de 9 kHz à 18 GHz et spécialement les perturbations conduites dans la gamme de fréquences de 9 kHz à 30 MHz. Cette deuxième édition de la CISPR 16-2-1 annule et remplace la première édition (2003) et son Amendement 1 (2005) et constitue une révision technique. La CISPR 16-2-1:2008 inclut des modifications techniques majeures par rapport à l'édition précédente. De manière générale, cette nouvelle édition a pour objectif de réduire l'incertitude de conformité, en connexion avec les conclusions de la CISPR 16-4-1. Des indications sont fournies sur:
- la connexion sans résonance de l'AMN à la masse de référence,
- la manière d'éviter les boucles de masses, et
- la manière d'éviter les ambiguïtés sur le montage d'essai de l'équipement en essai et de l'AMN par rapport au plan de masse de référence.
De plus, des termes sont clarifiés, un nouveau type d'équipement d'appoint est introduit, et des clarifications en vue de l'utilisation d'AAN et d'AMN sur le même équipement en essai sont fournies.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
CISPR 16-2-1
Edition 2.0 2008-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de l'immunité – Mesures
des perturbations conduites
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CISPR 16-2-1
Edition 2.0 2008-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de l'immunité – Mesures
des perturbations conduites
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XB
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-88910-012-5
– 2 – CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.6
1 Scope.8
2 Normative references.8
3 Definitions .8
4 Types of disturbance to be measured.12
4.1 General .12
4.2 Types of disturbance .12
4.3 Detector functions .12
5 Connection of measuring equipment .13
5.1 General .13
5.2 Connection of ancillary equipment.13
5.3 Connections to RF reference ground.13
5.4 Connection between the EUT and the artificial mains network .14
6 General measurement requirements and conditions .15
6.1 General .15
6.2 Disturbance not produced by the equipment under test .15
6.2.1 General .15
6.2.2 Compliance testing .15
6.3 Measurement of continuous disturbance .15
6.3.1 Narrowband continuous disturbance.15
6.3.2 Broadband continuous disturbance.15
6.3.3 Use of spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers.16
6.4 Operating conditions of the EUT .16
6.4.1 General .16
6.4.2 Normal load conditions.16
6.4.3 Duration of operation .16
6.4.4 Running-in/Warm-up time .16
6.4.5 Supply .16
6.4.6 Mode of operation.16
6.5 Interpretation of measuring results.16
6.5.1 Continuous disturbance .16
6.5.2 Discontinuous disturbance .17
6.5.3 Measurement of the duration of disturbances .17
6.6 Measurement times and scan rates for continuous disturbance .17
6.6.1 General .17
6.6.2 Minimum measurement times .17
6.6.3 Scan rates for scanning receivers and spectrum analyzers .18
6.6.4 Scan times for stepping receivers .19
6.6.5 Strategies for obtaining a spectrum overview using the peak detector.20
7 Measurement of disturbances conducted along leads, 9 kHz to 30 MHz.23
7.1 Introduction .23
7.2 Measuring equipment (receivers, etc.) .23
7.2.1 General .23
7.2.2 Use of detectors for conducted disturbance measurements .23
7.3 Ancillary measuring equipment .24
7.3.1 General .24
CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008 – 3 –
7.3.2 Artificial networks (AN).24
7.3.3 Voltage probes.25
7.3.4 Current probes.25
7.4 Equipment under test configuration .25
7.4.1 Arrangement of the EUT and its connection to the AN .25
7.4.2 Procedure for the measurement of unsymmetric disturbance voltages
with V-networks (AMNs).31
7.4.3 Measurement of common mode voltages at differential mode signal
terminals.38
7.4.4 Measurements using voltage probes .39
7.4.5 Measurement using a capacitive voltage probe (CVP) .41
7.4.6 Measurements using current probes.41
7.5 System test configuration for conducted emissions measurements.42
7.5.1 General approach to system measurements.42
7.5.2 System configuration.42
7.5.3 Measurements of interconnecting lines.45
7.5.4 Decoupling of system components .45
7.6 In situ measurements .45
7.6.1 General .45
7.6.2 Reference ground .46
7.6.3 Measurement with voltage probes .46
7.6.4 Selection of measuring points .46
8 Automated measurement of emissions.47
8.1 Introduction: Precautions for automating measurements.47
8.2 Generic measurement procedure .47
8.3 Prescan measurements .48
8.4 Data reduction .49
8.5 Emission maximization and final measurement .49
8.6 Post processing and reporting.49
Annex A (informative) Guidelines to connection of electrical equipment to the artificial
mains network (see Clause 5) .50
Annex B (informative) Use of spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers (see Clause 6) .57
Annex C (informative) Decision tree for use of detectors for conducted measurements
(see 7.2.2) .60
Annex D (informative) Scan rates and measurement times for use with the average
detector .62
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for the improvement of the test setup with ANs.66
Bibliography .72
Figure 1 – Example of a recommended test setup with PE chokes with three AMNs and
a sheath current absorber on the RF cable .14
Figure 2 – Measurement of a combination of a CW signal (“NB”) and an impulsive
signal (“BB”) using multiple sweeps with maximum hold.20
Figure 3 – Example of a timing analysis.21
Figure 4 – A broadband spectrum measured with a stepped receiver .22
Figure 5 – Intermittent narrowband disturbances measured using fast short repetitive
sweeps with maximum hold function to obtain an overview of the emission spectrum .22
Figure 6 – Test configuration: table-top equipment for conducted disturbance
measurements on power mains .26
– 4 – CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008
Figure 7 – Arrangement of EUT and AMN at 40 cm distance with a) vertical RGP and b)
horizontal RGP.27
Figure 8 – Optional example test configuration for an EUT with only a power cord
attached.28
Figure 9 – Test configuration: floor-standing equipment (see 7.4.1 and 7.5.2.2) .29
Figure 10 – Example Test configuration: floor-standing and table-top equipment (see
7.4.1 and 7.5.2.2).30
Figure 11 – Schematic of disturbance voltage measurement configuration (see also
7.5.2.2) .32
Figure 12a – Schematic for measurement and power circuit .33
Figure 12b – Equivalent voltage source and measurement circuit .33
Figure 12 – Equivalent circuit for measurement of common mode disturbance voltage
for class I (grounded) EUT .33
Figure 13a – Schematic for power and measurement circuit .34
Figure 13b – Equivalent RFI source and measurement circuit .34
Figure 13 – Equivalent circuit for measurement of common mode disturbance voltage
for class II (ungrounded) EUT .34
Figure 14 – RC element for artificial hand.36
Figure 15 – Portable electric drill with artificial hand.36
Figure 16 – Portable electric saw with artificial hand .36
Figure 17 – Measuring example for voltage probes .40
Figure 18 – Measurement arrangement for two-terminal regulating controls .40
Figure A.1 .50
Figure A.2 .51
Figure A.3 .51
Figure A.4 .51
Figure A.5 .52
Figure A.6 .52
Figure A.7 .53
Figure A.8 – AMN configurations .55
Figure C.1 – Decision tree for optimizing speed of conducted disturbance
measurements with peak, quasi-peak and average detectors.60
Figure D.1 – Weighting function of a 10 ms pulse for peak (“PK”) and average
detections with (“CISPR AV”) and without (“AV”) peak reading; meter time constant
160 ms.64
Figure D.2 – Weighting functions of a 10 ms pulse for peak (“PK”) and average
detections with (“CISPR AV”) and without (“AV”) peak reading; meter time constant
100 ms.64
Figure D.3 – Example of weighting functions (of a 1 Hz pulse) for peak (“PK”) and
average detections as a function of pulse width: meter time constant 160 ms.65
Figure D.4 – Example of weighting functions (of a 1 Hz pulse) for peak (“PK”) and
average detections as a function of pulse width: meter time constant 100 ms.65
Figure E.1 – Parallel resonance of enclosure capacitance and ground strap inductance .66
Figure E.2 – Connection of an AMN to RGP using a wide grounding sheet for low
inductance grounding .67
Figure E.3 – Impedance measured with the arrangement of Figure E.2 both with
reference to the front panel ground and to the grounding sheet.67
CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008 – 5 –
Figure E.4 – VDF in the configuration of Figure E.2 measured with reference to the
front panel ground and to the grounding sheet. (The AMN used has a flat frequency
response of the VDF, which may be different for other AMNs).67
Figure E.5 – Arrangement showing the measurement grounding sheet (shown with
dotted lines) when measuring the impedance with reference to RGP. The impedance
measurement cable ground is connected to the measurement grounding sheet,
whereas the inner conductor is connected to the EUT port pin. .68
Figure E.6 – Impedance measured with the arrangement of Figure E.5 with reference to
the RGP.68
Figure E.7 – VDF measured with parallel resonances in the AMN grounding .69
Figure E.8 – Attenuation of a sheath current absorber measured in a 150-Ω test
arrangement .70
Figure E.9 – Arrangement for the measurement of attenuation due to PE chokes and
sheath current absorbers.70
Table 1 – Minimum scan times for the three CISPR bands with peak and quasi-peak
detectors.
Table A.1 .56
Table A.2 .56
Table D.1 – Pulse suppression factors and scan rates for a 100 Hz video bandwidth.63
Table D.2 – Meter time constants and the corresponding video bandwidths and
maximum scan rates .64
– 6 – CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Conducted disturbance measurements
FOREWORD
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard CISPR 16-2-1 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This second edition of CISPR 16-2-1 cancels and replaces the first edition (2003) and its
Amendment 1 (2005) and constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition. In
general, this new edition aims at reducing compliance uncertainty in correspondence with
findings in CISPR 16-4-1. Guidelines are given on
– resonance-free connection of the AMN to reference ground,
– avoidance of ground loops, and
CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008 – 7 –
– avoidance of ambiguities of the test setup of EUT and AMN with respect to the reference
ground plane.
In addition, terms are clarified, a new type of ancillary equipment (CVP) is applied, and a
clarification for the use of the AAN and AMN on the same EUT is provided.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on Voting
CISPR/A/798/FDIS CISPR/A/809/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the
data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition; or
• amended.
– 8 – CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Conducted disturbance measurements
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the methods of
measurement of disturbance phenomena in general in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz
and especially of conducted disturbance phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60364-4 (all parts), Electrical installations of buildings – Part 4: Protection for safety
CISPR 14-1, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances, electric
tools and similar apparatus – Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Conducted disturbances
CISPR/TR 16-3:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
Amendment 1:2005
Amendment 2:2006
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of CISPR 16, the definitions of IEC 60050-161 apply, as well as
the following.
3.1
ancillary equipment
transducers (e.g., current and voltage probes and artificial networks) connected to a
measuring receiver or (test) signal generator and used in the disturbance signal transfer
between the EUT and the measuring or test equipment
3.2
associated equipment
AE
apparatus, which is not part of the system under test, but needed to help exercise the EUT
CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008 – 9 –
3.3
auxiliary equipment
AuxEq
peripheral equipment which is part of the system under test
3.4
EUT
equipment (devices, appliances and systems) subjected to EMC (emission) compliance tests
3.5
product publication
publication specifying EMC requirements for a product or product family, taking into account
specific aspects of such a product or product family
3.6
emission limit (from a disturbing source)
specified maximum emission level of a source of electromagnetic disturbance
[IEV 161-03-12]
3.7
ground reference
connection that constitutes a defined parasitic capacitance to the surrounding of an EUT and
serves as reference potential
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-36 (modified).
3.8
(electromagnetic) emission
phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source
[IEV 161-01-08]
3.9
coaxial cable
cable containing one or more coaxial lines, typically used for a matched connection of
associated equipment to the measuring equipment or (test-)signal generator providing a
specified characteristic impedance and a specified maximum allowable cable transfer
impedance
3.10
common mode (asymmetrical) voltage
RF voltage between the artificial midpoint of a two-conductor line and reference ground, or in
case of a bundle of lines, the effective RF disturbance voltage of the whole bundle (vector sum
of the unsymmetrical voltages) against the reference ground measured with a clamp (current
transformer) at a defined terminating impedance
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-09.
3.11
common mode current
vector sum of the currents flowing through two or more conductors at a specified cross-section
of a "mathematical" plane intersected by these conductors
3.12
differential mode (symmetrical) voltage
RF disturbance voltage between the wires of a two conductor line
[IEV 161-04-08, modified]
– 10 – CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008
3.13
differential mode current
half the vector difference of the currents flowing in any two of a specified set of active
conductors at a specified cross-section of a "mathematical" plane intersected by these
conductors
3.14
unsymmetrical mode (V-terminal) voltage
voltage between a conductor or terminal of a device, equipment or system and a specified
ground reference. For the case of a two-port network, the two unsymmetrical voltages are
given by:
a) the vector sum of the asymmetrical voltage and half of the symmetrical voltage; and
b) the vector difference between the asymmetrical voltage and half of the symmetrical
voltage.
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-13.
3.15
measuring receiver
receiver for the measurement of disturbances with different detectors
NOTE The receiver is specified according to CISPR 16-1-1.
3.16
test configuration
combination that gives the specified measurement arrangement of the EUT in which an
emission level is measured
NOTE The emission and immunity levels are measured as required by IEV 161-03-11, IEV 161-03-12, IEV 161-
03-14 and IEV 161-03-15, definitions of emission level.
3.17
artificial network
AN
agreed reference load (simulation) impedance presented to the EUT by actual networks (e.g.,
extended power or communication lines) across which the RF disturbance voltage is measured
3.18
artificial mains network
AMN
network inserted in the supply mains lead of apparatus to be tested which provides, in a given
frequency range, a specified load impedance for the measurement of disturbance voltages and
which may isolate the apparatus from the supply mains in that frequency range
[IEV 161-04-05]
NOTE There are two basic types of AMN, the V-network (V-AMN) which couples the unsymmetrical voltages, and
the delta-network which couples the symmetric and the asymmetric voltages separately. The terms line impedance
stabilization network (LISN) and V-AMN are used interchangeably. In this standard, the acronym “AMN” is used for
“V-AMN”, as delta-AMNs are not used in product publications on emission measurements.
3.19
weighting (quasi-peak detection)
repetition-rate dependent conversion of the peak-detected pulse voltages to an indication
corresponding to the psychophysical annoyance of pulsive disturbances (acoustically or
visually) according to the weighting characteristics, or alternatively, specified manner in which
an emission level or an immunity level is evaluated
NOTE 1 The weighting characteristics are specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
NOTE 2 The emission level or immunity level is evaluated as required by IEC 60050-161 definitions of level (see
IEV 161-03-01, IEV 161-03-11 and IEV 161-03-14).
CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008 – 11 –
3.20
continuous disturbance
RF disturbance with a duration of more than 200 ms at the IF-output of a measuring receiver,
which causes a deflection on the meter of a measuring receiver in quasi-peak detection mode
which does not decrease immediately
[IEV 161-02-11, modified]
NOTE The measuring receiver is specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
3.21
discontinuous disturbance
for counted clicks, disturbance with a duration of less than 200 ms at the IF-output of a
measuring receiver, which causes a transient deflection on the meter of a measuring receiver
in quasi-peak detection mode
NOTE 1 For impulsive disturbance, see IEV 161-02-08.
NOTE 2 The measuring receiver is specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
3.22
measurement time
T
m
effective, coherent time for a measurement result at a single frequency (in some areas also
called dwell time)
– for the peak detector, the effective time to detect the maximum of the signal envelope,
– for the quasi-peak detector, the effective time to measure the maximum of the weighted
envelope
– for the average detector, the effective time to average the signal envelope
– for the r.m.s. detector, the effective time to determine the r.m.s. of the signal envelope
3.23
sweep
continuous frequency variation over a given frequency span
3.24
scan
continuous or stepped frequency variation over a given frequency span
3.25
sweep or scan time
T
s
time between start and stop frequencies of a sweep or scan
3.26
span
Δf
difference between stop and start frequencies of a sweep or scan
3.27
sweep or scan rate
frequency span divided by the sweep or scan time
3.28
number of sweeps per time unit (e.g. per second)
n
s
1/(sweep time + retrace time)
– 12 – CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008
3.29
observation time
T
o
sum of measurement times T on a certain frequency in case of multiple sweeps. If n is the
m
number of sweeps or scans, then T = n × T
o m
3.30
total observation time
T
tot
effective time for an overview of the spectrum (either single or multiple sweeps). If c is the
number of channels within a scan or sweep, then T = c × n × T
tot m
4 Types of disturbance to be measured
4.1 General
This clause describes the classification of different types of disturbance and the detectors
appropriate for their measurement.
4.2 Types of disturbance
For physical and psychophysical reasons, dependent on the spectral distribution, measuring
receiver bandwidth, the duration, rate of occurrence, and degree of annoyance during the
assessment and measurement of radio disturbance, distinction is made between the following
types of disturbance:
a) narrowband continuous disturbance, i.e. disturbance on discrete frequencies as, for
example, the fundamentals and harmonics generated with the intentional application of RF
energy with ISM equipment, constituting a frequency spectrum consisting only of individual
spectral lines whose separation is greater than the bandwidth of the measuring receiver so
that during the measurement only one line falls into the bandwidth in contrast to b);
b) broadband continuous disturbance, which normally is unintentionally produced by the
repeated impulses of, for example, commutator motors, and which have a repetition
frequency which is lower than the bandwidth of the measuring receiver so that during the
measurement more than one spectral line falls into the bandwidth; and
c) broadband discontinuous disturbance is also generated unintentionally by mechanical or
electronic switching procedures, for example by thermostats or programme controls with a
repetition rate lower than 1 Hz (click-rate less than 30/min).
The frequency spectra of b) and c) are characterized by having a continuous spectrum in the
case of individual (single) impulses and a discontinuous spectrum in case of repeated
impulses, both spectra being characterized by having a frequency range which is wider than
the bandwidth of the measuring receiver specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
4.3 Detector functions
Depending on the types of disturbance, measurements may be carried out using a measuring
receiver with:
a) an average detector generally used in the measurement of narrowband disturbance and
signals, and particularly to discriminate between narrowband and broadband disturbance;
b) a quasi-peak detector provided for the weighted measurement of broadband disturbance for
the assessment of audio annoyance to a radio listener, but also usable for narrowband
disturbance;
c) a peak detector which may be used for either broadband or narrowband disturbance
measurement.
CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008 – 13 –
Measuring receivers incorporating these detectors are specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
5 Connection of measuring equipment
5.1 General
This clause describes the connection of measuring equipment, measuring receivers and
ancillary equipment such as artificial networks (AN) and voltage and current probes.
5.2 Connection of ancillary equipment
The connecting cable between the measuring receiver and the ancillary equipment shall be
shielded and its characteristic impedance shall be matched to the input impedance of the
measuring receiver. The measurement result shall account for the attenuation of the
connecting cable.
The output of the ancillary equipment shall be terminated with the prescribed impedance. A
minimum attenuation of 10 dB between AN output and measuring receiver input is required in
order to fulfill the specified tolerance of the AN impedance at its EUT port. This attenuation
may be incorporated in the AN. The use of a transient limiter is recommended for the
protection of the receiver input circuits. It shall be designed to provide signals of maximum
receiver input level without creating nonlinear effects.
5.3 Connections to RF reference ground
The artificial network (AN) shall be connected to the reference ground by a low RF impedance,
e.g. by direct bonding of the case of the AN to the reference ground or reference wall of a
shielded room, or with a low impedance conductor as short and as wide as practical (the
maximum length to width ratio of which is 3:1 and the inductance of which is less than
approximately 50 nH corresponding to an impedance of less than approximately 10 Ω at
30 MHz). An in-situ test of the voltage division factor as explained in Annex E is
recommended. This will help to find, e.g., a ground strap resonance in the AN grounding.
NOTE A conductor with rectangular cross section (see drawing below) with: length l = 30 cm, width b = 3 cm,
thickness c = 0,02 cm will cause an inductance L of approximately 210 nH (XL = 40 Ω at 30 MHz), which is
excessive. The value of L was calculated using the following equation:
c
l b
⎛ 2l b + c⎞
L = 2× l ×⎜ln + 0,5 + 0,22 ⎟
b + c l
⎝ ⎠
where
L is the inductance of the conductor in nH
l, b, c are the dimensions of the conductor in cm
If such a length cannot be avoided, the width must be as large as possible.
Terminal voltage measurements shall be referenced only to the reference ground. Ground
loops (common impedance coupling) shall be avoided. Ground loops will negatively affect
repeatability of measurement and can, e.g., be detected if grounded components of a test
setup are touch-sensitive. This should also be observed for measuring apparatus (e.g.,
measuring receivers and connected ancillary equipment, such as oscilloscopes, analyzers,
recorders, etc.) fitted with a protective earth conductor (PE) of protection class I equipment.
The measuring instrumentation shall be provided with RF isolation so that the AN has only one
RF connection to ground. This can be accomplished by RF chokes and isolation transformers,
or by powering the measuring apparatus from batteries. Figure 1 shows an example of a
recommended test setup with three AMNs and PE chokes for the avoidance of ground loops.
– 14 – CISPR 16-2-1 © IEC:2008
In this figure, also the receiver RF connecting cable to the AMN can act as a ground
connection if the receiver is grounded. Therefore, either a PE choke is needed at the receiver
power input, or, if the receiver is outside a shielded room, a sheath current suppressor is
needed on the connecting c
...
CISPR 16-2-1 ®
Edition 2.1 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de l'immunité – Mesures
des perturbations conduites
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CISPR 16-2-1 ®
Edition 2.1 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de l'immunité – Mesures
des perturbations conduites
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX CS
ISBN 978-2-88912-249-3
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20
– 2 – CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010
CONTENTS
FO R EW O RD . 6
INTRODUCTION (to amendment 1) . 8
1 Sc op e . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Definitions . 9
4 Types of disturbance to be measured . 14
4.1 General . 14
4.2 Types of disturbance . 15
4.3 Detector functions . 15
5 Connection of measuring equipment . 15
5.1 General . 15
5.2 Connection of ancillary equipment . 15
5.3 Connections to RF reference ground . 16
5.4 Connection between the EUT and the artificial mains network . 17
6 General measurement requirements and conditions . 18
6.1 General . 18
6.2 Disturbance not produced by the equipment under test . 18
6.2.1 General . 18
6.2.2 Compliance testing . 18
6.3 Measurement of continuous disturbance . 18
6.3.1 Narrowband continuous disturbance . 18
6.3.2 Broadband continuous disturbance . 18
6.3.3 Use of spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers . 19
6.4 Operating conditions of the EUT . 19
6.4.1 General . 19
6.4.2 Normal load conditions . 19
6.4.3 Duration of operation . 19
6.4.4 Running-in/Warm-up time . 19
6.4.5 Supply . 19
6.4.6 Mode of operation. 19
6.5 Interpretation of measuring results . 19
6.5.1 Continuous disturbance . 19
6.5.2 Discontinuous disturbance . 20
6.5.3 Measurement of the duration of disturbances . 20
6.6 Measurement times and scan rates for continuous disturbance . 20
6.6.1 General . 20
6.6.2 Minimum measurement times . 21
6.6.3 Scan rates for scanning receivers and spectrum analyzers . 21
6.6.4 Scan times for stepping receivers . 22
6.6.5 Strategies for obtaining a spectrum overview using the peak detector . 23
6.6.6 Timing considerations using FFT-based instruments . 27
7 Measurement of disturbances conducted along leads, 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 29
7.1 Introduction . 29
7.2 Measuring equipment (receivers, etc.) . 30
CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 3 –
7.2.1 General . 30
7.2.2 Use of detectors for conducted disturbance measurements . 30
7.3 Ancillary measuring equipment . 30
7.3.1 General . 30
7.3.2 Artificial networks (AN) . 30
7.3.3 Voltage probes . 31
7.3.4 Current probes . 31
7.4 Equipment under test configuration . 32
7.4.1 Arrangement of the EUT and its connection to the AN . 32
7.4.2 Procedure for the measurement of unsymmetric disturbance
voltages with V-networks (AMNs) . 38
7.4.3 Measurement of common mode voltages at differential mode signal
terminals . 45
7.4.4 Measurements using voltage probes . 46
7.4.5 Measurement using a capacitive voltage probe (CVP) . 48
7.4.6 Measurements using current probes . 48
7.5 System test configuration for conducted emissions measurements . 49
7.5.1 General approach to system measurements . 49
7.5.2 System configuration . 49
7.5.3 Measurements of interconnecting lines . 52
7.5.4 Decoupling of system components . 52
7.6 In situ measurements . 53
7.6.1 General . 53
7.6.2 Reference ground . 53
7.6.3 Measurement with voltage probes. 53
7.6.4 Selection of measuring points . 54
8 Automated measurement of emissions . 54
8.1 Introduction: Precautions for automating measurements . 54
8.2 Generic measurement procedure . 54
8.3 Prescan measurements . 55
8.4 Data reduction . 56
8.5 Emission maximization and final measurement . 56
8.6 Post processing and reporting . 56
8.7 Emission measurement strategies with FFT-based measuring instruments . 56
Annex A (informative) Guidelines to connection of electrical equipment to the artificial
mains network (see Clause 5) . 57
Annex B (informative) Use of spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers (see Clause
6) . 64
Annex C (informative) Decision tree for use of detectors for conducted measurements
(see 7.2.2) . 67
Annex D (informative) Scan rates and measurement times for use with the average
detector . 69
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for the improvement of the test setup with ANs . 73
Annex F (normative) Determination of suitability of spectrum analyzers for compliance
tests . 78
B i b l i o gra p h y . 79
– 4 – CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010
Figure 1 – Example of a recommended test setup with PE chokes with three AMNs
and a sheath current absorber on the RF cable . 17
Figure 2 – Measurement of a combination of a CW signal (“NB”) and an impulsive
signal (“BB”) using multiple sweeps with maximum hold . 24
Figure 3 – Example of a timing analysis . 25
Figure 4 – A broadband spectrum measured with a stepped receiver . 26
Figure 5 – Intermittent narrowband disturbances measured using fast short repetitive
sweeps with maximum hold function to obtain an overview of the emission spectrum. 26
Figure 6 – Test configuration: table-top equipment for conducted disturbance
measurements on power mains . 33
Figure 7 – Arrangement of EUT and AMN at 40 cm distance with a) vertical RGP and
b) horizontal RGP . 27
Figure 8 – Optional example test configuration for an EUT with only a power cord
attached . 35
Figure 9 – Test configuration: floor-standing equipment (see 7.4.1 and 7.5.2.2) . 36
Figure 10 – Example Test configuration: floor-standing and table-top equipment (see
7.4.1 and 7.5.2.2) . 37
Figure 11 – Schematic of disturbance voltage measurement configuration (see also
7.5.2.2) . 39
Figure 12a – Schematic for measurement and power circuit . 40
Figure 12b – Equivalent voltage source and measurement circuit . 40
Figure 12 – Equivalent circuit for measurement of common mode disturbance voltage
for class I (grounded) EUT . 40
Figure 13a – Schematic for power and measurement circuit. 41
Figure 13b – Equivalent RFI source and measurement circuit . 41
Figure 13 – Equivalent circuit for measurement of common mode disturbance voltage
for class II (ungrounded) EUT . 41
Figure 14 – RC element for artificial hand . 43
Figure 15 – Portable electric drill with artificial hand . 43
Figure 16 – Portable electric saw with artificial hand . 43
Figure 17 – Measuring example for voltage probes . 47
Figure 18 – Measurement arrangement for two-terminal regulating controls . 47
Figure 19 – FFT scan in segments . 28
Figure 20 – Frequency resolution enhanced by FFT-based measuring instrument . 29
Figure 21 – Illustration of current I . 32
CCM
Figure A.1 . 57
Figure A.2 . 58
Figure A.3 . 58
Figure A.4 . 58
Figure A.5 . 59
Figure A.6 . 59
Figure A.7 . 60
Figure A.8 – AMN configurations . 62
Figure C.1 – Decision tree for optimizing speed of conducted disturbance
measurements with peak, quasi-peak and average detectors . 67
CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 5 –
Figure D.1 – Weighting function of a 10 ms pulse for peak (“PK”) and average
detections with (“CISPR AV”) and without (“AV”) peak reading; meter time constant
160 ms . 71
Figure D.2 – Weighting functions of a 10 ms pulse for peak (“PK”) and average
detections with (“CISPR AV”) and without (“AV”) peak reading; meter time constant
100 ms . 71
Figure D.3 – Example of weighting functions (of a 1 Hz pulse) for peak (“PK”) and
average detections as a function of pulse width: meter time constant 160 ms . 72
Figure D.4 – Example of weighting functions (of a 1 Hz pulse) for peak (“PK”) and
average detections as a function of pulse width: meter time constant 100 ms . 72
Figure E.1 – Parallel resonance of enclosure capacitance and ground strap inductance . 73
Figure E.2 – Connection of an AMN to RGP using a wide grounding sheet for low
inductance grounding . 74
Figure E.3 – Impedance measured with the arrangement of Figure E.2 both with
reference to the front panel ground and to the grounding sheet . 74
Figure E.4 – VDF in the configuration of Figure E.2 measured with reference to the
front panel ground and to the grounding sheet. (The AMN used has a flat frequency
response of the VDF, which may be different for other AMNs) . 74
Figure E.5 – Arrangement showing the measurement grounding sheet (shown with
dotted lines) when measuring the impedance with reference to RGP. The impedance
measurement cable ground is connected to the measurement grounding sheet,
whereas the inner conductor is connected to the EUT port pin. . 75
Figure E.6 – Impedance measured with the arrangement of Figure E.5 with reference
to the RGP. . 75
Figure E.7 – VDF measured with parallel resonances in the AMN grounding . 76
Figure E.8 – Attenuation of a sheath current absorber measured in a 150-ȍWHVW
arrangement . 77
Figure E.9 – Arrangement for the measurement of attenuation due to PE chokes and
sheath current absorbers . 77
Table 1 – Minimum scan times for the three CISPR bands with peak and quasi-peak
detectors. 21
Table 2 – Minimum measurement times for the four CISPR bands . 21
Table A.1 . 63
Table A.2 . 63
Table D.1 – Pulse suppression factors and scan rates for a 100 Hz video bandwidth . 70
Table D.2 – Meter time constants and the corresponding video bandwidths and
maximum scan rates . 71
Table F.1 – Maximum amplitude difference between peak and quasi-peak detected
signals . 78
– 6 – CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Conducted disturbance measurements
FOREWORD
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of CISPR 16-2-1 consists of the second edition (2008)
[documents CISPR/A/798/FDIS and CISPR/A/809/RVD and its amendment 1 (2010)
[documents CISPR/A/874/CDV and CISPR/A/897/RVC]. It bears the edition number 2.1.
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and
has been prepared for user convenience. A vertical line in the margin shows where the
base publication has been modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are
displayed in red, with deletions being struck through.
CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 7 –
International Standard CISPR 16-2-1 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This edition includes significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition. In
general, this new edition aims at reducing compliance uncertainty in correspondence with
findings in CISPR 16-4-1. Guidelines are given on
– resonance-free connection of the AMN to reference ground,
– avoidance of ground loops, and
– avoidance of ambiguities of the test setup of EUT and AMN with respect to the reference
ground plane.
In addition, terms are clarified, a new type of ancillary equipment (CVP) is applied, and a
clarification for the use of the AAN and AMN on the same EUT is provided.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
‡ reconfirmed,
‡ withdrawn,
‡ replaced by a revised edition, or
‡ amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a
colour printer.
– 8 – CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010
INTRODUCTION
(to amendment 1)
All stated specifications in CISPR 16-2-1 are met by an instrument independent of the
selected implementation or technology in order to be considered suitable for measurements
in accordance with CISPR standards. The addition of FFT-based measuring instrumentation
requires further specifications as addressed in this amendment. A new Annex F is added as a
result of provisions recently introduced into CISPR 16-1-1 on the use of spectrum analyzers
for compliance measurements.
CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 9 –
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Conducted disturbance measurements
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the methods of
measurement of disturbance phenomena in general in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz
and especially of conducted disturbance phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to
30 MHz.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic Compatibility
IEC 60364-4 (all parts), Electrical installations of buildings – Part 4: Protection for safety
CISPR 14-1, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances, electric
tools and similar apparatus – Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1:2010, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-2, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods – Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Conducted disturbances
CISPR/TR 16-3:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
Amendment 1:2005
Amendment 2:2006
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of CISPR 16, the definitions of IEC 60050-161 apply, as well as
the following.
3.1
ancillary equipment
transducers (e.g., current and voltage probes and artificial networks) connected to a
measuring receiver or (test) signal generator and used in the disturbance signal transfer
between the EUT and the measuring or test equipment
– 10 – CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010
3.2
associated equipment
AE
apparatus, which is not part of the system under test, but needed to help exercise the EUT
3.3
auxiliary equipment
AuxEq
peripheral equipment which is part of the system under test
3.4
EUT
equipment (devices, appliances and systems) subjected to EMC (emission) compliance tests
3.5
product publication
publication specifying EMC requirements for a product or product family, taking into account
specific aspects of such a product or product family
3.6
emission limit (from a disturbing source)
specified maximum emission level of a source of electromagnetic disturbance
[IEV 161-03-12]
3.7
ground reference
connection that constitutes a defined parasitic capacitance to the surrounding of an EUT and
serves as reference potential
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-36 (modified).
reference ground plane
RGP
flat conductive surface that constitutes a defined parasitic capacitance to the surrounding of
an EUT and serves as reference potential
NOTE 1 See also IEC 60050-161, 161-04-36.
NOTE 2 A reference ground plane is needed for conducted emission measurements, and serves as reference
ground for unsymmetrical and asymmetrical disturbance voltage measurements.
3.8
(electromagnetic) emission
phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source
[IEV 161-01-08]
3.9
coaxial cable
cable containing one or more coaxial lines, typically used for a matched connection of
associated equipment to the measuring equipment or (test-)signal generator providing a
specified characteristic impedance and a specified maximum allowable cable transfer
impedance
CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 11 –
3.10
common mode (asymmetrical) voltage
RF voltage between the artificial midpoint of a two-conductor line and reference ground, or in
case of a bundle of lines, the effective RF disturbance voltage of the whole bundle (vector
sum of the unsymmetrical voltages) against the reference ground measured with a clamp
(current transformer) at a defined terminating impedance
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-09.
3.11
common mode current
vector sum of the currents flowing through two or more conductors at a specified cross-
section of a "mathematical" plane intersected by these conductors
3.12
differential mode (symmetrical) voltage
RF disturbance voltage between the wires of a two conductor line
[IEV 161-04-08, modified]
3.13
differential mode current
half the vector difference of the currents flowing in any two of a specified set of active
conductors at a specified cross-section of a "mathematical" plane intersected by these
conductors
3.14
unsymmetrical mode (V-terminal) voltage
voltage between a conductor or terminal of a device, equipment or system and a specified
ground reference. For the case of a two-port network, the two unsymmetrical voltages are
given by:
a) the vector sum of the asymmetrical voltage and half of the symmetrical voltage; and
b) the vector difference between the asymmetrical voltage and half of the symmetrical
voltage.
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-13.
3.15
measuring receiver
receiver for the measurement of disturbances with different detectors
NOTE The receiver is specified according to CISPR 16-1-1.
instrument such as a tunable voltmeter, an EMI receiver, a spectrum analyzer or an FFT-
based measuring instrument, with or without preselection, that meets the relevant clauses of
CISPR 16-1-1
NOTE See Annex I of CISPR 16-1-1 for further information.
3.16
test configuration
combination that gives the specified measurement arrangement of the EUT in which an
emission level is measured
NOTE The emission and immunity levels are measured as required by IEV 161-03-11, IEV 161-03-12, IEV 161-
03-14 and IEV 161-03-15, definitions of emission level.
– 12 – CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010
3.17
artificial network
AN
agreed reference load (simulation) impedance presented to the EUT by actual networks (e.g.,
extended power or communication lines) across which the RF disturbance voltage is
measured
3.18
artificial mains network
AMN
network inserted in the supply mains lead of apparatus to be tested which provides, in a
given frequency range, a specified load impedance for the measurement of disturbance
voltages and which may isolate the apparatus from the supply mains in that frequency range
[IEV 161-04-05]
NOTE There are two basic types of AMN, the V-network (V-AMN) which couples the unsymmetrical voltages, and
the delta-network which couples the symmetric and the asymmetric voltages separately. The terms line impedance
stabilization network (LISN) and V-AMN are used interchangeably. In this standard, the acronym “AMN” is used for
“V-AMN”, as delta-AMNs are not used in product publications on emission measurements.
3.19
weighting (quasi-peak detection)
repetition-rate dependent conversion of the peak-detected pulse voltages to an indication
corresponding to the psychophysical annoyance of pulsive disturbances (acoustically or
visually) according to the weighting characteristics, or alternatively, specified manner in
which an emission level or an immunity level is evaluated
NOTE 1 The weighting characteristics are specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
NOTE 2 The emission level or immunity level is evaluated as required by IEC 60050-161 definitions of level (see
IEV 161-03-01, IEV 161-03-11 and IEV 161-03-14).
weighting (of e.g. impulsive disturbance)
pulse-repetition-frequency (PRF) dependent conversion (mostly reduction) of a peak-detected
impulse voltage level to an indication that corresponds to the interference effect on radio
reception
NOTE 1 For the analogue receiver, the psychophysical annoyance of the interference is a subjective quantity
(audible or visual, usually not a certain number of misunderstandings of a spoken text).
NOTE 2 For the digital receiver, the interference effect is an objective quantity that may be defined by the critical
bit error ratio (BER) or bit error probability (BEP) for which perfect error correction can still occur or by another,
objective and reproducible parameter.
3.19.1
weighted disturbance measurement
measurement of disturbance using a weighting detector
3.19.2
weighting characteristic
peak voltage level as a function of PRF for a constant effect on a specific
radiocommunication system, i.e. the disturbance is weighted by the radiocommunication
system itself
3.19.3
weighting detector
detector that provides an agreed weighting function
3.19.4
weighting factor
value of the weighting function relative to a reference PRF or relative to the peak value
NOTE Weighting factor is expressed in dB.
CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 13 –
3.19.5
weighting function
weighting curve
relationship between input peak voltage level and PRF for constant level indication of a
measuring receiver with a weighting detector, i.e. the curve of response of a measuring
receiver to repeated pulses
3.20
continuous disturbance
RF disturbance with a duration of more than 200 ms at the IF-output of a measuring receiver,
which causes a deflection on the meter of a measuring receiver in quasi-peak detection mode
which does not decrease immediately
[IEV 161-02-11, modified]
NOTE The measuring receiver is specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
3.21
discontinuous disturbance
for counted clicks, disturbance with a duration of less than 200 ms at the IF-output of a
measuring receiver, which causes a transient deflection on the meter of a measuring receiver
in quasi-peak detection mode
NOTE For impulsive disturbance, see IEV 161-02-08.
NOTE 2 The measuring receiver is specified in CISPR 16-1-1.
3.22
measurement time
T
m
effective, coherent time for a measurement result at a single frequency (in some areas also
called dwell time)
– for the peak detector, the effective time to detect the maximum of the signal envelope,
– for the quasi-peak detector, the effective time to measure the maximum of the weighted
envelope
– for the average detector, the effective time to average the signal envelope
– for the r.m.s. detector, the effective time to determine the r.m.s. of the signal envelope
3.23
sweep
continuous frequency variation over a given frequency span
3.24
scan
continuous or stepped frequency variation over a given frequency span
3.25
sweep or scan time
T
s
time between start and stop frequencies of a sweep or scan
3.26
span
''f
difference between stop and start frequencies of a sweep or scan
3.27
sweep or scan rate
frequency span divided by the sweep or scan time
– 14 – CISPR 16-2-1 ¤ IEC:2008+A1:2010
3.28
number of sweeps per time unit (e.g. per second)
n
s
1/(sweep time + retrace time)
3.29
observation time
T
o
sum of measurement times T on a certain frequency in case of multiple sweeps. If n is the
m
number of sweeps or scans, then T n u T
o m
3.30
total observation time
T
tot
effective time for an overview of the spectrum (either single or multiple sweeps). If c is the
number of channels within a scan or sweep, then T c u n u T
tot m
3.31
measurement
process of experimentally obtaining one or more quantity values that can reasonably be
attributed to a quantity
[ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.1]
3.32
test
technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a
given product, process or service according to a specified procedure
NOTE A test is carried out to measure or classify a characteristic or a property of an item by applying to the item
a set of environmental and operating conditions and/or requirements.
[IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-13]
3.33
reference ground
reference potential connecting point
NOTE 1 In some subclauses of this standard the term “ground reference” may be used to denote reference
ground.
NOTE 2 There can only be one reference ground in a conducted disturbance measurement system.
3.34
protective earthing
earthing a point or points in a system or in an installation or in equipment, for purposes of
electrical safety
[IEC 60050-195:1998, 195-01-11]
4 Types of disturbance to be measured
4.1 General
This clause describes the classification of diff
...
CISPR 16-2-1 ®
Edition 2.2 2013-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de l'immunité – Mesures
des perturbations conduites
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CISPR 16-2-1 ®
Edition 2.2 2013-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity – Conducted
disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 2-1: Méthodes de mesure des perturbations et de l'immunité – Mesures
des perturbations conduites
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-0692-8
– 2 – CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010
+A2:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
INTRODUCTION (to amendment 1) . 9
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Definitions . 10
4 Types of disturbance to be measured . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 Types of disturbance . 16
4.3 Detector functions . 17
5 Connection of measuring equipment . 17
5.1 General . 17
5.2 Connection of ancillary equipment . 17
5.3 Connections to RF reference ground . 17
5.4 Connection between the EUT and the artificial mains network . 19
6 General measurement requirements and conditions . 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Disturbance not produced by the equipment under test . 19
6.2.1 General . 19
6.2.2 Compliance testing . 20
6.3 Measurement of continuous disturbance . 20
6.3.1 Narrowband continuous disturbance . 20
6.3.2 Broadband continuous disturbance . 20
6.3.3 Use of spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers . 20
6.4 Operating conditions of the EUT EUT arrangement and measurement
conditions . 20
6.4.1 General EUT arrangement . 20
6.4.2 Normal load conditions . 20
6.4.3 Duration of operation . 23
6.4.4 Running-in/Warm-up time . 23
6.4.5 Supply . 23
6.4.6 Mode of operation. 23
6.4.7 Operation of multifunction equipment. 23
6.4.8 Determination of EUT arrangement(s) that maximizes emissions . 24
6.4.9 Recording of measurement results . 24
6.5 Interpretation of measuring results . 23
6.5.1 Continuous disturbance . 24
6.5.2 Discontinuous disturbance . 24
6.5.3 Measurement of the duration of disturbances . 25
6.6 Measurement times and scan rates for continuous disturbance . 25
6.6.1 General . 25
6.6.2 Minimum measurement times . 25
6.6.3 Scan rates for scanning receivers and spectrum analyzers . 26
CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 3 –
+A2:2013
6.6.4 Scan times for stepping receivers . 27
6.6.5 Strategies for obtaining a spectrum overview using the peak detector . 28
6.6.6 Timing considerations using FFT-based instruments . 31
7 Measurement of disturbances conducted along leads, 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 33
7.1 Introduction . 33
7.2 Measuring equipment (receivers, etc.) . 34
7.2.1 General . 34
7.2.2 Use of detectors for conducted disturbance measurements . 34
7.3 Ancillary measuring equipment . 34
7.3.1 General . 34
7.3.2 Artificial networks (AN) . 34
7.3.3 Voltage probes . 35
7.3.4 Current probes . 35
7.4 Equipment under test configuration . 36
7.4.1 Arrangement of the EUT and its connection to the AN . 36
7.4.2 Procedure for the measurement of unsymmetric disturbance
voltages with V-networks (AMNs) . 44
7.4.3 Measurement of common mode voltages at differential mode signal
terminals . 51
7.4.4 Measurements using voltage probes . 52
7.4.5 Measurement using a capacitive voltage probe (CVP) . 54
7.4.6 Measurements using current probes . 55
7.5 System test configuration for conducted emissions measurements . 55
7.5.1 General approach to system measurements . 55
7.5.2 System configuration . 56
7.5.3 Measurements of interconnecting lines . 58
7.5.4 Decoupling of system components . 58
7.6 In situ measurements . 59
7.6.1 General . 59
7.6.2 Reference ground . 59
7.6.3 Measurement with voltage probes. 59
7.6.4 Selection of measuring points . 60
8 Automated measurement of emissions . 60
8.1 Introduction: Precautions for automating measurements . 60
8.2 Generic measurement procedure . 60
8.3 Prescan measurements . 61
8.4 Data reduction . 62
8.5 Emission maximization and final measurement . 62
8.6 Post processing and reporting . 62
8.7 Emission measurement strategies with FFT-based measuring instruments . 62
Annex A (informative) Guidelines to connection of electrical equipment to the artificial
mains network (see Clause 5) . 63
Annex B (informative) Use of spectrum analyzers and scanning receivers (see Clause
6) . 70
Annex C (informative) Decision tree for use of detectors for conducted measurements
(see 7.2.2) . 73
– 4 – CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010
+A2:2013
Annex D (informative) Scan rates and measurement times for use with the average
detector . 75
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for the improvement of the test setup with ANs . 79
Annex F (normative) Determination of suitability of spectrum analyzers for compliance
tests . 84
Annex G (informative) Guidance for measurements on telecommunications ports . 85
Annex H (normative) Specifics for conducted disturbance on telecommunication ports . 92
Annex I (informative) Examples of AANs and ANs for screened cables . 99
Bibliography . 108
Figure 1 – Example of a recommended test setup with PE chokes with three AMNs
and a sheath current absorber on the RF cable . 18
Figure 2 – Measurement of a combination of a CW signal (“NB”) and an impulsive
signal (“BB”) using multiple sweeps with maximum hold . 28
Figure 3 – Example of a timing analysis . 29
Figure 4 – A broadband spectrum measured with a stepped receiver . 30
Figure 5 – Intermittent narrowband disturbances measured using fast short repetitive
sweeps with maximum hold function to obtain an overview of the emission spectrum. 30
Figure 6 – Test configuration: table-top equipment for conducted disturbance
measurements on power mains . 38
Figure 7 – Arrangement of EUT and AMN at 40 cm distance with a) vertical RGP and
b) horizontal RGP . 27
Figure 8 – Optional example test configuration for an EUT with only a power cord
attached . 40
Figure 9 – Test configuration: floor-standing equipment (see 7.4.1 and 7.5.2.2) . 42
Figure 10 – Example Test configuration: floor-standing and table-top equipment (see
7.4.1 and 7.5.2.2) . 43
Figure 11 – Schematic of disturbance voltage measurement configuration (see also
7.5.2.2) . 45
Figure 12a – Schematic for measurement and power circuit . 46
Figure 12b – Equivalent voltage source and measurement circuit . 46
Figure 12 – Equivalent circuit for measurement of common mode disturbance voltage
for class I (grounded) EUT . 46
Figure 13a – Schematic for power and measurement circuit. 47
Figure 13b – Equivalent RFI source and measurement circuit . 47
Figure 13 – Equivalent circuit for measurement of common mode disturbance voltage
for class II (ungrounded) EUT . 47
Figure 14 – RC element for artificial hand . 49
Figure 15 – Portable electric drill with artificial hand . 49
Figure 16 – Portable electric saw with artificial hand . 49
Figure 17 – Measuring example for voltage probes . 53
Figure 18 – Measurement arrangement for two-terminal regulating controls . 53
Figure 19 – FFT scan in segments . 32
Figure 20 – Frequency resolution enhanced by FFT-based measuring instrument . 33
Figure 21 – Illustration of current I . 36
CCM
CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 5 –
+A2:2013
Figure A.1 . 63
Figure A.2 . 64
Figure A.3 . 64
Figure A.4 . 64
Figure A.5 . 65
Figure A.6 . 65
Figure A.7 . 66
Figure A.8 – AMN configurations . 68
Figure C.1 – Decision tree for optimizing speed of conducted disturbance
measurements with peak, quasi-peak and average detectors . 73
Figure D.1 – Weighting function of a 10 ms pulse for peak (“PK”) and average
detections with (“CISPR AV”) and without (“AV”) peak reading; meter time constant
160 ms . 77
Figure D.2 – Weighting functions of a 10 ms pulse for peak (“PK”) and average
detections with (“CISPR AV”) and without (“AV”) peak reading; meter time constant
100 ms . 77
Figure D.3 – Example of weighting functions (of a 1 Hz pulse) for peak (“PK”) and
average detections as a function of pulse width: meter time constant 160 ms . 78
Figure D.4 – Example of weighting functions (of a 1 Hz pulse) for peak (“PK”) and
average detections as a function of pulse width: meter time constant 100 ms . 78
Figure E.1 – Parallel resonance of enclosure capacitance and ground strap inductance . 79
Figure E.2 – Connection of an AMN to RGP using a wide grounding sheet for low
inductance grounding . 80
Figure E.3 – Impedance measured with the arrangement of Figure E.2 both with
reference to the front panel ground and to the grounding sheet . 80
Figure E.4 – VDF in the configuration of Figure E.2 measured with reference to the
front panel ground and to the grounding sheet. (The AMN used has a flat frequency
response of the VDF, which may be different for other AMNs) . 80
Figure E.5 – Arrangement showing the measurement grounding sheet (shown with
dotted lines) when measuring the impedance with reference to RGP. The impedance
measurement cable ground is connected to the measurement grounding sheet,
whereas the inner conductor is connected to the EUT port pin. . 81
Figure E.6 – Impedance measured with the arrangement of Figure E.5 with reference
to the RGP. . 81
Figure E.7 – VDF measured with parallel resonances in the AMN grounding . 82
Figure E.8 – Attenuation of a sheath current absorber measured in a 150-Ω test
arrangement . 83
Figure E.9 – Arrangement for the measurement of attenuation due to PE chokes and
sheath current absorbers . 83
Figure G.1 – Basic circuit for considering the limits with a defined TCM impedance of
150 Ω. 88
Figure G.2 – Basic circuit for the measurement with unknown TCM impedance . 88
Figure G.3 – Impedance layout of the components used in Figure H.2 . 90
Figure G.4 – Basic test set-up to measure combined impedance of the 150 Ω and
ferrites . 91
Figure H.1 – Measurement set-up using an AAN . 95
Figure H.2 – Measurement set-up using a 150 Ω load to the outside surface of the
shield . 96
Figure H.3 – Measurement set-up using current and capacitive voltage probes . 97
– 6 – CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010
+A2:2013
Figure H.4 – Characterization set-up. 98
Figure I.1 – Example AAN for use with unscreened single balanced pairs . 99
Figure I.2 – Example AAN with high LCL for use with either one or two unscreened
balanced pairs . 100
Figure I.3 – Example AAN with high LCL for use with one, two, three, or four
unscreened balanced pairs . 101
Figure I.4 – Example AAN, including a 50 Ω source matching network at the voltage
measuring port, for use with two unscreened balanced pairs . 102
Figure I.5 – Example AAN for use with two unscreened balanced pairs . 103
Figure I.6 – Example AAN, including a 50 Ω source matching network at the voltage
measuring port, for use with four unscreened balanced pairs . 104
Figure I.7 – Example AAN for use with four unscreened balanced pairs . 105
Figure I.8 – Example AN for use with coaxial cables, employing an internal common
mode choke created by bifilar winding an insulated centre-conductor wire and an
insulated screen-conductor wire on a common magnetic core (for example, a ferrite
toroid) . 106
Figure I.9 – Example AN for use with coaxial cables, employing an internal common
mode choke created by miniature coaxial cable (miniature semi-rigid solid copper
screen or miniature double-braided screen coaxial cable) wound on ferrite toroids . 106
Figure I.10 – Example AN for use with multi-conductor screened cables, employing an
internal common mode choke created by bifilar winding multiple insulated signal wires
and an insulated screen-conductor wire on a common magnetic core (for example, a
ferrite toroid) . 107
Figure I.11 – Example AN for use with multi-conductor screened cables, employing an
internal common mode choke created by winding a multi-conductor screened cable
on ferrite toroids . 107
Table 1 – Minimum scan times for the three CISPR bands with peak and quasi-peak
detectors . 25
Table 2 – Minimum measurement times for the four CISPR bands . 26
Table A.1 . 69
Table A.2 . 69
Table D.1 – Pulse suppression factors and scan rates for a 100 Hz video bandwidth . 76
Table D.2 – Meter time constants and the corresponding video bandwidths and
maximum scan rates . 77
Table F.1 – Maximum amplitude difference between peak and quasi-peak detected
signals . 84
Table G.1 – Summary of advantages and disadvantages of the methods described
in the specific subclauses of Annex H . 86
Table H.1 – Telecommunication port disturbance measurement procedure selection . 92
Table H.2 – a values . 93
LCL
CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 7 –
+A2:2013
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Conducted disturbance measurements
FOREWORD
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This consolidated version of CISPR 16-2-1 consists of the second edition (2008)
[documents CISPR/A/798/FDIS and CISPR/A/809/RVD, its amendment 1 (2010)
[documents CISPR/A/874/CDV and CISPR/A/897/RVC] and its amendment 2 (2013)
[documents CISPR/A/1023/FDIS and CISPR/A/1029/RVD]. It bears the edition number
2.2.
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendments and
has been prepared for user convenience. A vertical line in the margin shows where the
base publication has been modified by amendments 1 and 2. Additions and deletions
are displayed in red, with deletions being struck through.
– 8 – CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010
+A2:2013
International Standard CISPR 16-2-1 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio
interference measurements and statistical methods.
This edition includes significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition. In
general, this new edition aims at reducing compliance uncertainty in correspondence with
findings in CISPR 16-4-1. Guidelines are given on
– resonance-free connection of the AMN to reference ground,
– avoidance of ground loops, and
– avoidance of ambiguities of the test setup of EUT and AMN with respect to the reference
ground plane.
In addition, terms are clarified, a new type of ancillary equipment (CVP) is applied, and a
clarification for the use of the AAN and AMN on the same EUT is provided.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a
colour printer.
CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 9 –
+A2:2013
INTRODUCTION
(to amendment 1)
All stated specifications in CISPR 16-2-1 are met by an instrument independent of the
selected implementation or technology in order to be considered suitable for measurements
in accordance with CISPR standards. The addition of FFT-based measuring instrumentation
requires further specifications as addressed in this amendment. A new Annex F is added as a
result of provisions recently introduced into CISPR 16-1-1 on the use of spectrum analyzers
for compliance measurements.
– 10 – CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010
+A2:2013
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY
MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 2-1: Methods of measurement of disturbances and immunity –
Conducted disturbance measurements
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 is designated a basic standard, which specifies the methods of
measurement of disturbance phenomena in general in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz
and especially of conducted disturbance phenomena in the frequency range 9 kHz to
30 MHz.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-161:1990, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 161:
Electromagnetic Compatibility
IEC 60364-4 (all parts), Electrical installations of buildings – Part 4: Protection for safety
CISPR 14-1, Electromagnetic compatibility – Requirements for household appliances, electric
tools and similar apparatus – Part 1: Emission
CISPR 16-1-1:2010, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Measuring
apparatus
CISPR 16-1-2:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 1-2: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Ancillary
equipment – Conducted disturbances
Amendment 1:2004
Amendment 2:2006
CISPR/TR 16-3:2003, Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus
and methods – Part 3: CISPR technical reports
Amendment 1:2005
Amendment 2:2006
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of CISPR 16, the definitions of IEC 60050-161 apply, as well as
the following.
3.1
ancillary equipment
transducers (e.g., current and voltage probes and artificial networks) connected to a
measuring receiver or (test) signal generator and used in the disturbance signal transfer
between the EUT and the measuring or test equipment
CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 11 –
+A2:2013
3.2
associated equipment
AE
apparatus, which is not part of the system under test, but needed to help exercise the EUT
3.3
auxiliary equipment
AuxEq
peripheral equipment which is part of the system under test
3.4
EUT
equipment (devices, appliances and systems) subjected to EMC (emission) compliance tests
3.5
product publication
publication specifying EMC requirements for a product or product family, taking into account
specific aspects of such a product or product family
3.6
emission limit (from a disturbing source)
specified maximum emission level of a source of electromagnetic disturbance
[IEV 161-03-12]
3.7
ground reference
connection that constitutes a defined parasitic capacitance to the surrounding of an EUT and
serves as reference potential
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-36 (modified).
reference ground plane
RGP
flat conductive surface that constitutes a defined parasitic capacitance to the surrounding of
an EUT and serves as reference potential
NOTE 1 See also IEC 60050-161, 161-04-36.
NOTE 2 A reference ground plane is needed for conducted emission measurements, and serves as reference
ground for unsymmetrical and asymmetrical disturbance voltage measurements.
3.8
(electromagnetic) emission
phenomenon by which electromagnetic energy emanates from a source
[IEV 161-01-08]
3.9
coaxial cable
cable containing one or more coaxial lines, typically used for a matched connection of
associated equipment to the measuring equipment or (test-)signal generator providing a
specified characteristic impedance and a specified maximum allowable cable transfer
impedance
– 12 – CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010
+A2:2013
3.10
common mode (asymmetrical) voltage
RF voltage between the artificial midpoint of a two-conductor line and reference ground, or in
case of a bundle of lines, the effective RF disturbance voltage of the whole bundle (vector
sum of the unsymmetrical voltages) against the reference ground measured with a clamp
(current transformer) at a defined terminating impedance
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-09.
3.11
common mode current
vector sum of the currents flowing through two or more conductors at a specified cross-
section of a "mathematical" plane intersected by these conductors
3.12
differential mode (symmetrical) voltage
RF disturbance voltage between the wires of a two conductor line
[IEV 161-04-08, modified]
3.13
differential mode current
half the vector difference of the currents flowing in any two of a specified set of active
conductors at a specified cross-section of a "mathematical" plane intersected by these
conductors
3.14
unsymmetrical mode (V-terminal) voltage
voltage between a conductor or terminal of a device, equipment or system and a specified
ground reference. For the case of a two-port network, the two unsymmetrical voltages are
given by:
a) the vector sum of the asymmetrical voltage and half of the symmetrical voltage; and
b) the vector difference between the asymmetrical voltage and half of the symmetrical
voltage.
NOTE See also IEV 161-04-13.
3.15
measuring receiver
receiver for the measurement of disturbances with different detectors
NOTE The receiver is specified according to CISPR 16-1-1.
instrument such as a tunable voltmeter, an EMI receiver, a spectrum analyzer or an FFT-
based measuring instrument, with or without preselection, that meets the relevant clauses of
CISPR 16-1-1
NOTE See Annex I of CISPR 16-1-1 for further information.
3.16
test configuration
combination that gives the specified measurement arrangement of the EUT in which an
emission level is measured
NOTE The emission and immunity levels are measured as required by IEV 161-03-11, IEV 161-03-12, IEV 161-
03-14 and IEV 161-03-15, definitions of emission level.
CISPR 16-2-1 IEC:2008+A1:2010 – 13 –
+A2:2013
3.17
artificial network
AN
agreed reference load (simulation) impedance presented to the EUT by actual networks (e.g.,
extended power or communication lines) across which the RF disturbance voltage is
measured
3.18
artificial mains network
AMN
network inserted in the supply mains lead of apparatus to be tested which provides, in a
given frequency range, a specified load impedance for the measurement of disturbance
voltages and which may isolate the apparatus from the supply mains in that frequency range
[IEV 161-04-05]
NOTE There are two basic types of AMN, the V-network (V-AMN) which couples the unsymmetrical voltages, and
the delta-network which couples the symmetric and the asymmetric voltages separately. The terms line impedance
stabilization network (LISN) and V-AMN are used interchangeably. In this standard, the acronym “AMN” is used for
“V-AMN”, as delta-AMNs are not used in product publications on emission measurements.
3.19
weighting (quasi-peak detection)
repetition-rate dependent conversion of the peak-detected pulse voltages to an indication
corresponding to the psychophysical annoyance of pulsive disturbances (acoustically or
visually) acc
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