IEC 61439-1:2009
(Main)Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: General rules
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 1: General rules
IEC 61439-1:2009 lays down the definitions and states the service conditions, construction requirements, technical characteristics and verification requirements for low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies. This standard applies to low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies (ASSEMBLIES) only when required by the relevant ASSEMBLY standard. This first edition of IEC 61439-1 standard cancels and replaces the fourth edition of IEC 60439-1:1999. Significant technical changes with respect to the last edition of IEC 60439-1. IEC 61439-1 is a pure "general rules" standard to be referred to by subsidiary product parts of the IEC 61439 series; the product standard replacing IEC 60439-1 is IEC 61439-2; the discrimination between type-tested assemblies (TTA) and partially type-tested assemblies (PTTA) is eliminated by the verification approach; three different but equivalent types of verification of requirements are introduced: verification by testing, verification by calculation/measurement, or verification by satisfying design rules; the requirements regarding temperature rise have been clarified; the rated diversity factor (RDF) is covered in more detail; requirements from the standard for empty enclosures for assemblies (IEC 62208) have been incorporated; the whole structure of the standard is aligned with its new function as "general rules" standard. However, when a dated reference to IEC 60439-1 is made in another Part of the IEC 60439 series of assembly standards not yet transferred into the new IEC 61439 series, the superseded IEC 60439-1 still applies.
Ensembles d'appareillage à basse tension - Partie 1: Règles générales
La CEI 61439-1:2009 formule les définitions et indique les conditions d'emploi, les exigences de construction, les caractéristiques techniques et les exigences de vérification pour les ensembles d'appareillage à basse tension. La présente norme s'applique, uniquement lorsque la norme d'ENSEMBLES applicable l'exige, aux ensembles d'appareillage à basse tension (ensembles). Cette première édition de la CEI 61439-1 annule et remplace la quatrième édition de la CEI 60439-1 :1999. Les modifications techniques sont les suivantes par rapport à la dernière édition de la CEI 60439-1. La CEI 61439-1 est une norme purement de "règles générales" devant être appelée par les parties de produit subsidiaires de la série CEI 61439; la norme de produit remplaçant la CEI 60439-1 est la CEI 61439-2; la distinction entre les ensembles de série (ES) et les ensembles dérivés de série (EDS) est éliminée par l'approche de vérification; trois types différents mais équivalents de vérification des exigences sont introduits: la vérification par essai, la vérification par calcul/mesure, ou la vérification par la satisfaction de règles de conception; les exigences concernant les échauffements ont été clarifiées; le facteur de diversité assigné (RDF) est traité avec de plus amples détails; les exigences des enveloppes vides destinées aux ensembles (CEI 62208) ont été incorporées; la totalité de la structure de la norme est alignée avec sa nouvelle fonction comme norme de "règles générales". Toutefois, lorsqu'une référence datée à la CEI 60439-1 apparaît dans une autre partie de la série CEI 60439 applicable aux ensembles qui n'a pas encore été transposée dans la nouvelle série CEI 61439, c'est la norme annulée CEI 60439-1 qui continue de s'appliquer.
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IEC 61439-1
Edition 1.0 2009-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies –
Part 1: General rules
Ensembles d'appareillage à basse tension –
Partie 1: Règles générales
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IEC 61439-1
Edition 1.0 2009-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies –
Part 1: General rules
Ensembles d'appareillage à basse tension –
Partie 1: Règles générales
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XF
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.130.20 ISBN 978-2-88910-515-1
– 2 – 61439-1 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.8
INTRODUCTION.11
1 Scope.12
2 Normative references .12
3 Terms and definitions .15
3.1 General terms .15
3.2 Constructional units of ASSEMBLIES .16
3.3 External design of ASSEMBLIES.17
3.4 Structural parts of ASSEMBLIES .18
3.5 Conditions of installation of ASSEMBLIES.20
3.6 Insulation characteristics .20
3.7 Protection against electric shock .23
3.8 Characteristics .24
3.9 Verification .27
3.10 Manufacturer .27
4 Symbols and abbreviations.27
5 Interface characteristics .29
5.1 General .29
5.2 Voltage ratings .29
5.2.1 Rated voltage (U ) (of the ASSEMBLY) .29
n
5.2.2 Rated operational voltage (U ) (of a circuit of an ASSEMBLY).29
e
5.2.3 Rated insulation voltage (U ) (of a circuit of an ASSEMBLY) .29
i
5.2.4 Rated impulse withstand voltage (U ) (of the ASSEMBLY) .29
imp
5.3 Current ratings .29
5.3.1 Rated current of the ASSEMBLY (I ) .29
nA
5.3.2 Rated current of a circuit (I ) .30
nc
5.3.3 Rated diversity factor (RDF) .30
5.3.4 Rated peak withstand current (I ) .30
pk
5.3.5 Rated short-time withstand current (I ) (of a circuit of an ASSEMBLY) .30
cw
5.3.6 Rated conditional short-circuit current of an ASSEMBLY (I ).30
cc
5.4 Rated frequency (f ).31
n
5.5 Other characteristics .31
6 Information .31
6.1 ASSEMBLY designation marking .31
6.2 Documentation .31
6.2.1 Information relating to the ASSEMBLY .31
6.2.2 Instructions for handling, installation, operation and maintenance .32
6.3 Device and/or component identification .33
7 Service conditions .33
7.1 Normal service conditions .33
7.1.1 Ambient air temperature .33
7.1.2 Atmospheric conditions.33
7.1.3 Pollution degree .33
7.1.4 Altitude.34
7.2 Special service conditions .34
61439-1 © IEC:2009 – 3 –
7.3 Conditions during transport, storage and installation .35
8 Constructional requirements .35
8.1 Strength of materials and parts.35
8.1.1 General .35
8.1.2 Protection against corrosion .35
8.1.3 Thermal stability .35
8.1.4 Resistance to ultra-violet radiation.35
8.1.5 Resistance of insulating materials to heat and fire .35
8.1.6 Mechanical strength .36
8.1.7 Lifting provision .36
8.2 Degree of protection provided by an ASSEMBLY enclosure .36
8.2.1 Protection against mechanical impact.36
8.2.2 Protection against contact with live parts, ingress of solid foreign
bodies and liquids.36
8.2.3 Degree of protection of removable parts .37
8.3 Clearances and creepage distances .37
8.3.1 General .37
8.3.2 Clearances .38
8.3.3 Creepage distances.38
8.4 Protection against electric shock .38
8.4.1 General .38
8.4.2 Basic protection.39
8.4.3 Fault protection .40
8.4.4 Limitation of steady-state touch current and charge.43
8.4.5 Operating and servicing conditions .43
8.5 Incorporation of switching devices and components .45
8.5.1 Fixed parts .45
8.5.2 Removable parts .45
8.5.3 Selection of switching devices and components.45
8.5.4 Installation of switching devices and components .46
8.5.5 Accessibility .46
8.5.6 Barriers .46
8.5.7 Direction of operation and indication of switching positions.46
8.5.8 Indicator lights and push-buttons .46
8.6 Internal electrical circuits and connections .47
8.6.1 Main circuits .47
8.6.2 Auxiliary circuits .47
8.6.3 Bare and insulated conductors .47
8.6.4 Selection and installation of non-protected live conductors to reduce
the possibility of short-circuits .48
8.6.5 Identification of the conductors of main and auxiliary circuits.48
8.6.6 Identification of the protective conductor (PE, PEN) and of the
neutral conductor (N) of the main circuits .48
8.7 Cooling.49
8.8 Terminals for external conductors.49
9 Performance requirements .50
9.1 Dielectric properties .50
9.1.1 General .50
9.1.2 Power-frequency withstand voltage .50
– 4 – 61439-1 © IEC:2009
9.1.3 Impulse withstand voltage .51
9.1.4 Protection of surge protective devices .51
9.2 Temperature rise limits.51
9.3 Short-circuit protection and short-circuit withstand strength.51
9.3.1 General .51
9.3.2 Information concerning short-circuit withstand strength .52
9.3.3 Relationship between peak current and short-time current.52
9.3.4 Co-ordination of protective devices.52
9.4 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) .53
10 Design verification.53
10.1 General .53
10.2 Strength of materials and parts.54
10.2.1 General .54
10.2.2 Resistance to corrosion .54
10.2.3 Properties of insulating materials.55
10.2.4 Resistance to ultra-violet (UV) radiation.57
10.2.5 Lifting .57
10.2.6 Mechanical impact.58
10.2.7 Marking .58
10.3 Degree of protection of ASSEMBLIES .58
10.4 Clearances and creepage distances .58
10.5 Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits.59
10.5.1 Effectiveness of the protective circuit.59
10.5.2 Effective earth continuity between the exposed conductive parts of
the ASSEMBLY and the protective circuit.59
10.5.3 Short-circuit withstand strength of the protective circuit .59
10.6 Incorporation of switching devices and components .60
10.6.1 General .60
10.6.2 Electromagnetic compatibility .60
10.7 Internal electrical circuits and connections .60
10.8 Terminals for external conductors.60
10.9 Dielectric properties .60
10.9.1 General .60
10.9.2 Power-frequency withstand voltage .60
10.9.3 Impulse withstand voltage .61
10.9.4 Testing of enclosures made of insulating material.63
10.10 Verification of temperature rise.63
10.10.1 General .63
10.10.2 Verification by testing with current.63
10.10.3 Derivation of ratings for similar variants .69
10.10.4 Verification by calculation.70
10.11 Short-circuit withstand strength.72
10.11.1 General .72
10.11.2 Circuits of ASSEMBLIES which are exempted from the verification of
the short-circuit withstand strength.73
10.11.3 Verification by the application of design rules.73
10.11.4 Verification by comparison with a reference design .73
10.11.5 Verification by test .73
10.12 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) .78
61439-1 © IEC:2009 – 5 –
10.13 Mechanical operation.78
11 Routine verification.79
11.1 General .79
11.2 Degree of protection of enclosures .79
11.3 Clearances and creepage distances .79
11.4 Protection against electric shock and integrity of protective circuits .80
11.5 Incorporation of built-in components .80
11.6 Internal electrical circuits and connections.80
11.7 Terminals for external conductors .80
11.8 Mechanical operation.80
11.9 Dielectric properties.80
11.10 Wiring, operational performance and function .80
Annex A (normative) Minimum and maximum cross-section of copper conductors
suitable for connection to terminals for external conductors (see 8.8) .88
Annex B (normative) Method of calculating the cross-sectional area of protective
conductors with regard to thermal stresses due to currents of short duration .89
Annex C (informative) Items subject to agreement between the ASSEMBLY
Manufacturer and the User .90
Annex D (informative) Design verification .93
Annex E (informative) Rated diversity factor .94
Annex F (normative) Measurement of clearances and creepage distances . 103
Annex G (normative) Correlation between the nominal voltage of the supply system
and the rated impulse withstand voltage of the equipment . 109
Annex H (informative) Operating current and power loss of copper conductors . 111
Annex J (normative) Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). 115
Annex K (normative) Protection by electrical separation. 122
Annex L (informative) Clearances and creepage distances for North American region . 125
Annex M (informative) North American temperature rise limits . 126
Bibliography.127
Figure E.1 – Typical ASSEMBLY.95
Figure E.2 – Example 1: Table E.1 – Functional unit loading for an ASSEMBLY with a
rated diversity factor of 0,8 .97
Figure E.3 – Example 2: Table E.1 – Functional unit loading for an ASSEMBLY with a
rated diversity factor of 0,8 .98
Figure E.4 – Example 3: Table E.1 – Functional unit loading for an ASSEMBLY with a
rated diversity factor of 0,8 .99
Figure E.5 – Example 4: Table E.1 – Functional unit loading for an ASSEMBLY with a
rated diversity factor of 0,8 .100
Figure E.6 – Example of average heating effect calculation . 101
Figure E.7 – Example graph for the relation between the equivalent RDF and the
parameters at intermittent duty at t = 0,5 s, I = 7*I at different cycle times . 102
1 1 2
Figure E.8 – Example graph for the relation between the equivalent RDF and the
parameters at intermittent duty at I = I (no starting overcurrent). 102
1 2
Figure F.1 – Measurement of ribs .104
Figure J.1 – Examples of ports .115
– 6 – 61439-1 © IEC:2009
a)
Table 1 – Minimum clearances in air (8.3.2).82
Table 2 – Minimum creepage distances (8.3.3) .82
Table 3 – Cross-sectional area of a copper protective conductor (8.4.3.2.2) .83
Table 4 – Conductor selection and installation requirements (8.6.4).83
Table 5 – Minimum terminal capacity for copper protective conductors (PE, PEN) (8.8) .83
Table 6 – Temperature-rise limits (9.2) .84
a)
Table 7 – Values for the factor n (9.3.3).85
Table 8 – Power-frequency withstand voltage for main circuits (10.9.2) .85
Table 9 – Power-frequency withstand voltage for auxiliary and control circuits (10.9.2).85
Table 10 – Impulse withstand test voltages (10.9.3).85
Table 11 – Copper test conductors for rated currents up to 400 A inclusive
(10.10.2.3.2) .86
Table 12 – Copper test conductors for rated currents from 400 A to 4 000 A
(10.10.2.3.2) .86
Table 13 – Short-circuit verification by design rules: check list.87
Table 14 – Relationship between prospective fault current and diameter of copper wire .87
Table A.1 – Cross-section of copper conductors suitable for connection to terminals
for external conductors .88
Table B.1 – Values of k for insulated protective conductors not incorporated in cables,
or bare protective conductors in contact with cable covering.89
Table C.1 – Items subject to agreement between the ASSEMBLY manufacturer and the
User.90
Table D.1 – List of design verifications to be performed .93
Table E.1 – Examples of loading for an ASSEMBLY with a rated diversity factor of 0,8 .96
Table E.2 – Example of loading of a group of circuits (Section B – Figure E.1) with a
rated diversity factor of 0,9 .101
Table E.3 – Example of loading of a group of circuits (Subdistribution board – Figure
E.1) with a rated diversity factor of 0,9.101
Table F.1 – Minimum width of grooves.103
Table G.1 – Correspondence between the nominal voltage of the supply system and
the equipment rated impulse withstand voltage, in the case of overvoltage protection
by surge-arresters according to IEC 60099-1 .110
Table H.1 – Operating current and power loss of single-core copper cables with a
permissible conductor temperature of 70 °C (ambient temperature inside the
ASSEMBLY: 55 °C) .111
Table H.2 – Reduction factor k for cables with a permissible conductor temperature
of 70 °C (extract from IEC 60364-5-52, table A.52-14) .112
Table H.3 – Operating current and power loss of bare copper busbars with rectangular
cross-section, run horizontally and arranged with their largest face vertical, frequency
50 Hz to 60 Hz (ambient temperature inside the ASSEMBLY: 55 °C, temperature of the
conductor 70 °C).113
Table H.4 – Factor k for different temperatures of the air inside the ASSEMBLY and / or
for the conductors.114
Table J.1 – Emission limits for Environment A.118
Table J.2 – Emission limits for Environment B.119
Table J.3 – Tests for EMC immunity for Environment A (see J.10.12.1) . 119
Table J.4 – Tests for EMC immunity for Environment B (see J.10.12.1) . 120
Table J.5 – Acceptance criteria when electromagnetic disturbances are present. 121
61439-1 © IEC:2009 – 7 –
Table K.1 – Maximum disconnecting times for TN systems . 124
Table L.1 – Minimum clearances in air .125
Table L.2 – Minimum creepage distances .125
Table M.1 – North American temperature rise limits . 126
– 8 – 61439-1 © IEC:2009
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LOW-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR ASSEMBLIES –
Part 1: General rules
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All Users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61439-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 17D: Low-voltage
switchgear and controlgear assemblies, of IEC technical committee 17: Switchgear and
controlgear.
This first edition of IEC 61439-1 standard cancels and replaces the fourth edition of
IEC 60439-1 (1999), and constitutes a technical revision.
This edition of IEC 61439-1 includes the following significant technical changes with respect
to the last edition of IEC 60439-1:
– the dual role of IEC 60439-1 as a product standard in its own right, as well as a general
rules standard for assemblies covered by a subsidiary product part of the IEC 60439
series, has been abandoned;
– consequently, IEC 61439-1 is a pure “general rules” standard to be referred to by
subsidiary product parts of the IEC 61439 series;
– the product standard replacing IEC 60439-1 is IEC 61439-2;
61439-1 © IEC:2009 – 9 –
– the discrimination between type-tested assemblies (TTA) and partially type-tested
assemblies (PTTA) is eliminated by the verification approach;
– three different but equivalent types of verification of requirements are introduced:
verification by testing, verification by calculation/measurement, or verification by satisfying
design rules;
– the requirements regarding temperature rise have been clarified;
– the rated diversity factor (RDF) is covered in more detail;
– requirements from the standard for empty enclosures for assemblies (IEC 62208) have
been incorporated;
– the whole structure of the standard is aligned with its new function as “general rules”
standard.
However, when a dated reference to IEC 60439-1 is made in another Part of the IEC 60439
series of assembly standards not yet transferred into the new IEC 61439 series, the
superseded IEC 60439-1 still applies (see also the Introduction below).
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
17D/357/CDV 17D/362A/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
In this standard, terms written in small capitals are defined in Clause 3.
The “in some countries” notes regarding differing national practices are contained in the
following subclauses:
8.2.2
8.3.2
8.3.3
8.8
9.2
10.11.5.4
10.11.5.6.1
Annex L
Annex M
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61439 series, under the general title Low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear assemblies, can be found on the IEC website.
– 10 – 61439-1 © IEC:2009
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
61439-1 © IEC:2009 – 11 –
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this standard is to harmonize as far as practicable all rules and requirements
of a general nature applicable to low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies
(ASSEMBLIES) in order to obtain uniformity of requirements and verification for ASSEMBLIES and
to avoid the need for verification to other standards. All those requirements for the various
ASSEMBLIES standards which can be considered as general have therefore been gathered in
this basic standard together with specific subjects of wide interest and application, e.g.
temperature rise, dielectric properties, etc.
For each type of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly only two main standards
are necessary to determine all requirements and the corresponding methods of verification:
– this basic standard referred to as “Part 1” in the specific standards covering the various
types of low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies;
– the specific ASSEMBLY standard hereinafter also referred to as the relevant ASSEMBLY
standard.
For a general rule to apply to a specific ASSEMBLY standard, it should be explicitly referred to
by quoting the relevant clause or sub-clause number of this standard followed by “Part 1” e.g.
“9.1.3 of Part 1”.
A specific ASSEMBLY standard may not require and hence need not call up a general rule
where it is not applicable, or it may add requirements if the general rule is deemed inadequate
in the particular case but it may not deviate from it unless there is substantial technical
justification detailed in the specific ASSEMBLY standard.
Requirements in this standard that are subject to agreement between the ASSEMBLY
manufacturer and the user are summarised in Annex C (informative). This schedule also
facilitates the supply of information on basic conditions and additional user specifications to
enable proper design, application and utilization of the ASSEMBLY.
For the new re-structured IEC 61439 series, the following parts are envisaged:
– IEC 61439-1: General rules
– IEC 61439-2: Power switchgear and controlgear ASSEMBLIES (PSC-ASSEMBLIES)
– IEC 61439-3: Distribution boards (to supersede IEC 60439-3)
– IEC 61439-4: ASSEMBLIES for construction sites (to supersede IEC 60439-4)
– IEC 61439-5: ASSEMBLIES for power distribution (to supersede IEC 60439-5)
– IEC 61439-6: Busbar trunking systems (to supersede IEC 60439-2).
This list is not exhaustive; additional Parts may be developed as the need arises.
– 12 – 61439-1 © IEC:2009
LOW-VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR AND CONTROLGEAR ASSEMBLIES –
Part 1: General rules
1 Scope
NOTE 1 Throughout this standard, the term ASSEMBLY (see 3.1.1) is used for a low-voltage switchgear and
controlgear assembly.
This part of IEC 61439 lays down the definitions and states the service conditions,
construction requirements, technical characteristics and verification requirements for low-
voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies.
This standard applies to low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies (ASSEMBLIES) only
when required by the relevant ASSEMBLY standard as follows:
– ASSEMBLIES for which the rated voltage does not exceed 1 000 V in case of a.c. or
1 500 V in case of d.c.;
– stationary or movable ASSEMBLIES with or without enclosure;
– ASSEMBLIES intended for use in connection with the generation, transmission,
distribution and conversion of electric energy, and for the control of electric energy
consuming equipment;
– ASSEMBLIES designed for use under special service conditions, for example in ships, in
rail vehicles, for equipment in explosive atmospheres, and for domestic applications
(operated by unskilled persons), provided that the relevant specific requirements are
complied with;
NOTE 2 Supplementary requirements for ASSEMBLIES in ships are covered by IEC 60092-302.
NOTE 3 Supplementary requirements for ASSEMBLIES in explosive atmospheres are covered by the
IEC 60079 series and the IEC 61241 series.
– ASSEMBLIES designed for electrical equipment of machines. Supplementary
requirements for ASSEMBLIES forming part of a machine are covered by the IEC 60204
series.
This standard applies to all ASSEMBLIES whether they are designed, manufactured and verified
on a one-off basis or fully standardised and manufactured in quantity.
The manufacture and/or assembly may be carried out other than by the original manufacturer
(see 3.10.1).
This standard cannot be used alone to specify an ASSEMBLY or used for a purpose of
determining conformity.
This standard does not apply to individual devices and self-contained components, such as
motor starters, fuse switches, electronic equipment, etc. which will comply with the relevant
product standards.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60038:1983, IEC standard voltages
61439-1 © IEC:2009 – 13 –
IEC 60073:2002, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and
identification – Coding principles for indicators and actuators
IEC 60068-2-2:2007, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-11:1981, Environmental testing – Part 2-11: Tests – Test Ka: Salt mist
IEC 60068-2-30:2005, Environmental testing – Part 2-30: Tests – Test Db: Damp heat, cyclic
(12 + 12-hour cycle)
IEC 60085:2007, Electrical insulation – Thermal evaluation and designation
IEC 60099-1:1991, Surge arresters – Part 1: Non-linear resistor type gapped surge arresters
for a.c. systems
IEC 60204 (all parts), Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines
IEC 60216 (all parts), Electrical insulating materials – Properties of thermal endurance
IEC 60228:2004, Conductors of insulated cables
IEC 60364 (all parts), Low-voltage electrical installations
IEC 60364-4-41:2005, Low-voltage electrical installations –
...
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