IEC 60598-1:2014

Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests

IEC 60598-1:2014 specifies general requirements for luminaires, incorporating electric light sources for operation from supply voltages up to 1 000 V. The requirements and related tests of this standard cover: classification, marking, mechanical construction, electrical construction and photobiological safety. This eighth edition cancels and replaces the seventh edition published in 2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision and includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) requirements to support the construction methods for new LED luminaires entering the market;
b) photobiological requirements extended;
c) more precise requirements for insulation between different types of electrical circuit;
d) other general updates and improvements. The contents of the corrigenda of October 2015, of December 2015, of May 2017 and interpretation sheet 1 of May 2016 have been included in this copy.

Luminaires - Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

L'IEC 60598-1:2014 spécifie pour les luminaires incorporant des sources lumineuses électriques, les exigences générales pour le fonctionnement à des tensions d'alimentation jusqu'à 1 000 V. Les exigences et les essais correspondants de cette norme concernent: la classification, le marquage, la construction mécanique et électrique. Cette huitième édition annule et remplace la septième édition parue en 2008. Cette édition constitue une révision technique et inclue les changements techniques significatifs suivants par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) exigences pour aider aux méthodes de construction des nouveaux luminaires à LED entrant sur le marché;
b) exigences photobiologiques étendues;
c) exigences plus précises concernant l'isolation entre les différents types de circuits électriques;
d) autres mises à jour générales et améliorations. Le contenu des corrigendas d'octobre 2015, de décembre 2015, de mai 2017 et la feuille d'interprétation 1 de mai 2016 a été pris en considération dans cet exemplaire.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 25-May-2014
• ICS: 29.140.40 - Luminaires
• Technical Committee: SC 34D - Luminaires
• Drafting Committee: WG 1 - TC 34/SC 34D/WG 1
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 31-Aug-2020
• Completion Date: 26-Oct-2025

Relations

• Amended By: IEC 60598-1:2014/AMD1:2017 - Amendment 1 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Corrected By: IEC 60598-1:2014/COR1:2015 - Corrigendum 1 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Corrected By: IEC 60598-1:2014/COR3:2017 - Corrigendum 3 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Corrected By: IEC 60598-1:2014/COR2:2015 - Corrigendum 2 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC 60598-1:2020 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2008/COR2:2011 - Corrigendum 2 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2008/COR1:2011 - Corrigendum 1 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC 60598-1:2014/ISH1:2016 - Interpretation sheet 1 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revises: IEC 60598-1:2008 - Luminaires - Part 1: General requirements and tests
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 60598-1:2014 is an international standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that sets forth the general requirements and tests for luminaires. Applicable to all luminaires incorporating electric light sources designed for operation from supply voltages up to 1,000 V, this eighth edition updates and replaces the previous 2008 version. It introduces technical revisions to address modern lighting technologies, particularly LED luminaires, emphasizing safety, construction quality, and performance.

This standard covers essential aspects including classification, marking, mechanical and electrical construction, and photobiological safety. It incorporates expanded photobiological hazard requirements and more precise electrical insulation and protection criteria, making it critical for manufacturers, designers, and safety inspectors working with lighting products.

Key Topics

• Classification of Luminaires
  Defines types of luminaires based on protection against electric shock, ingress of dust and moisture (IP ratings), materials used for mounting, and conditions of use.

• Marking and Information
  Specifies clear and durable marking requirements on luminaires for identification, electrical ratings, safety warnings, and additional manufacturer information.

• Mechanical and Electrical Construction
  Details requirements for parts including lampholders, wiring, terminal blocks, switches, insulating linings, and earthing provisions to ensure robust and safe construction.

• Photobiological Safety
  Extends protection measures against hazards from light sources, particularly addressing newer LED technologies, to prevent risks like eye damage or skin exposure.

• Insulation and Protection Requirements
  Provides precise requirements on insulation between active, live parts, and user-accessible components, defining working voltages, creepage distances, and clearances for electrical safety.

• Testing Procedures
  Outlines test methods for verifying insulation resistance, electric strength, touch current, thermal endurance, resistance to dust and moisture ingress, mechanical strength, and protection against fire or electrical tracking.

• Compatibility with LED Technology
  Reflects updated construction methods to support LED luminaires entering the market, adapting safety and performance tests suitable for solid-state lighting.

Applications

IEC 60598-1:2014 is essential for manufacturers, testing laboratories, and regulatory bodies involved in the design, production, testing, and certification of lighting fixtures and luminaires. Its practical applications include:

• Product Design and Development
  Ensuring luminaires meet global safety and performance benchmarks before market release.

• Quality Control and Compliance Testing
  Conducting standardized tests to verify compliance with insulation, photobiological safety, electrical protection, and environmental resistance requirements.

• Safety Certification and Regulatory Approval
  Supporting product certification to meet national and international safety regulations and market access requirements.

• Installation Guidelines
  Providing guidance on appropriate mounting surfaces, electrical connections, and user marking for safe and consistent installation practices.

• Technological Innovation
  Facilitating integration of emerging lighting technologies such as LED luminaires with comprehensive safety considerations incorporated.

Related Standards

• IEC 60598 Series - Luminaires
  Other parts in this series cover particular types of luminaires and additional specific requirements for different applications or environments.

• IEC 62471 - Photobiological Safety of Lamps and Lamp Systems
  Complementary guidance for evaluating photobiological risks associated with light sources.

• IEC 61347 Series - Lamp Control Gear
  Standards covering the safety and performance of control gear used in conjunction with luminaires.

• IEC 60529 - Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP Code)
  Defines protection levels against dust and water ingress, referenced for luminaire classifications.

• ISO 9001 - Quality Management Systems
  Often applied alongside IEC 60598-1 to ensure manufacturing and quality processes meet international standards.

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Keywords: IEC 60598-1, luminaires standard, LED luminaire safety, photobiological safety, electrical insulation requirements, luminaire testing, lighting product certification, IEC luminaire classification, luminaire marking requirements, IEC general requirements for luminaires.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 8.0 2014-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

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IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 8.0 2014-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XH
ICS 29.140.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-1553-1

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60598-1
Edition 8.0  2014-05
LUMINAIRES –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by subcommittee 34D: Luminaires, of IEC
technical committee 34: Lamps and related equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
ISH Report on voting
34D/1197/ISH 34D/1207/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.

___________
INTRODUCTION (not part of the proposal)
Changes introduced in IEC 60598-1 Ed.8.0 were made urgently to address completely new
designs of LED luminaire that are entering the market. Some further alignment with the
already existing previous requirements of the standard are still needed and this will be
addressed for Amendment 1 to Edition 8 that is now in preparation.
PROPOSAL
To publish Interpretation Sheet on Clause 4.31; Clause 10; Clause 11; Annex M and Annex X
of IEC 60598-1:2014 (Ed. 8.0), Luminaires – Part 1: General requirements and tests, as
follows:
ICS 29.140.40
– 2 – IEC 60598-1:2014/ISH1:2016  IEC 2016
INTERPRETATION SHEET
Clause 4.31; Clause 10; Clause 11; Annex M and Annex X of
For insulation requirements between active (current carrying/live) parts and accessible parts,
Table X.1 of Annex X is to be taken as the definitive reference of the required insulation that
is to be provided. Furthermore, the details prescribed by Table X.1 are to be used as the
basis for establishing the ‘working voltage’ that is to be considered for application of the
electric strength tests of Clause 10 and Creepage and Clearance requirements of Clause 11.

– 2 – IEC 60598-1:2014  IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
SECTION 0: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 11
0.1 Scope . 11
0.2 Normative references . 12
0.3 General requirements . 15
0.4 General test requirements and verification . 15
0.5 Components of luminaires . 16
0.6 List of parts of IEC 60598-2 . 17
SECTION 1: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . 18
1.1 General . 18
1.2 Terms and definitions . 18
SECTION 2: CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES . 31
2.1 General . 31
2.2 Classification according to type of protection against electric shock . 31
2.3 Classification according to degree of protection against ingress of dust,

solid objects and moisture . 31
2.4 Classification according to material of supporting surface for which the
luminaire is designed . 31
2.5 Classification according to the circumstances of use . 32
SECTION 3: MARKING . 32
3.1 General . 32
3.2 Marking on luminaires . 32
3.3 Additional information . 37
3.4 Test of marking . 39
SECTION 4: CONSTRUCTION . 40
4.1 General . 40
4.2 Replaceable components . 40
4.3 Wireways . 40
4.4 Lampholders . 40
4.5 Starterholders . 42
4.6 Terminal blocks . 42
4.7 Terminals and supply connections . 43
4.8 Switches . 45
4.9 Insulating linings and sleeves . 45
4.10 Double and reinforced insulation. 46
4.11 Electrical connections and current-carrying parts . 47
4.12 Screws and connections (mechanical) and glands . 48
4.13 Mechanical strength . 51
4.14 Suspensions, fixings and means of adjustment . 54
4.15 Flammable materials . 58
4.16 Luminaires for mounting on normally flammable surfaces . 59
4.17 Drain holes. 60
4.18 Resistance to corrosion . 60
4.19 Ignitors. 61
4.20 Rough service luminaires – Vibration requirements . 61
4.21 Protective shield . 61

4.22 Attachments to lamps . 62
4.23 Semi-luminaires . 63
4.24 Photobiological hazards. 63
4.25 Mechanical hazard . 64
4.26 Short-circuit protection . 64
4.27 Terminal blocks with integrated screwless earthing contacts . 64
4.28 Fixing of thermal sensing controls . 64
4.29 Luminaire with non replaceable light source. . 65
4.30 Luminaires with non-user replaceable light sources . 65
4.31 Insulation between circuits . 65
4.32 Overvoltage protective devices . 68
SECTION 5: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WIRING . 68
5.1 General . 68
5.2 Supply connection and other external wiring . 68
5.3 Internal wiring . 73
SECTION 6: Not used . 76
SECTION 7: PROVISION FOR EARTHING. 76
7.1 General . 76
7.2 Provision for earthing . 76
SECTION 8: PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK . 78
8.1 General . 78
8.2 Protection against electric shock . 78
SECTION 9: RESISTANCE TO DUST, SOLID OBJECTS AND MOISTURE . 82
9.1 General . 82
9.2 Tests for ingress of dust, solid objects and moisture . 82
9.3 Humidity test . 86
SECTION 10: INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH, TOUCH
CURRENT AND PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR CURRENT . 86
10.1 General . 86
10.2 Insulation resistance and electric strength . 87
10.3 Touch current, protective conductor current and electric burn . 90
SECTION 11: CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES . 91
11.1 General . 91
11.2 Creepage distances and clearances . 91
SECTION 12: ENDURANCE TEST AND THERMAL TEST . 94
12.1 General . 94
12.2 Selection of lamps and ballasts . 94
12.3 Endurance test . 94
12.4 Thermal test (normal operation) . 96
12.5 Thermal test (abnormal operation) . 101
12.6 Thermal test (failed windings in lamp control gear) . 105
12.7 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp control gear or electronic
devices incorporated in thermoplastic luminaires . 107
SECTION 13: RESISTANCE TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKING . 110
13.1 General . 110
13.2 Resistance to heat . 110
13.3 Resistance to flame and ignition . 110
13.4 Resistance to tracking . 111

– 4 – IEC 60598-1:2014  IEC 2014
SECTION 14: SCREW TERMINALS . 112
14.1 General . 112
14.2 Terms and definitions . 112
14.3 General requirements and basic principles . 113
14.4 Mechanical tests . 115
SECTION 15: SCREWLESS TERMINALS AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS . 118
15.1 General . 118
15.2 Terms and definitions . 119
15.3 General requirements . 119
15.4 General instructions on tests . 120
15.5 Terminal and connections for internal wiring . 121
15.6 Terminals and connections for external wiring . 123
Annex A (normative) Test to establish whether a conductive part may cause an electric
shock . 151
Annex B (normative) Test lamps . 152
B.1 General . 152
B.2 Filament lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-1 and IEC 60432-2 . 152
B.2.1 Principal modes of heat transfer and lamps used for testing . 152
B.2.2 Filament test lamps . 152
B.3 Halogen lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-3 . 154
B.4 Tubular fluorescent and other discharge lamps . 154
B.5 LED modules within the scope of IEC 62031 . 154
Annex C (normative) Abnormal circuit conditions . 155
Annex D (normative) Draught-proof enclosure . 158
Annex E (normative) Determination of winding temperature rises by the increase-in-
resistance method . 161
Annex F (normative) Test for resistance to stress corrosion of copper and copper alloys . 162
F.1 Test cabinet . 162
F.2 Test solution . 162
F.3 Test piece . 162
F.4 Test procedure . 163
)
Annex G (normative) Measurement of touch current and protective conductor current . 164
Annex H (Void) . 168
Annex I (Void) . 169
Annex J (informative) Explanation of IP numbers for degrees of protection . 170
Annex K (informative) Temperature measurement . 172
K.1 Temperature measurements of the luminaire . 172
K.2 Temperature measurement of the insulation parts of lampholders . 173
Annex L (informative) Guide to good practice in luminaire design . 175
L.1 General . 175
L.2 Plastics in luminaires . 175
L.3 Rust resistance . 176
L.4 Corrosion resistance . 176
L.5 Chemically corrosive atmospheres . 177
L.6 Reflector design . 177
L.7 Components in different kinds of luminaires . 178
L.8 Recommendations for electromagnetic ballast protection for end of life
phenomenon of HID lamps . 179

L.9 Resistance against the effects of vibration . 179
L.10 Flammability of components . 179
Annex M (normative) Determination of creepage distances and clearances . 180
Annex N (informative) Explanation of marking for luminaires that are not suitable for
mounting on normally flammable surfaces and covering with insulation materials . 181
N.0 General . 181
N.1 Protection against flame . 181
N.2 Protection against heat . 181
N.2.1 Spacing . 182
N.2.2 Temperature measurements of mounting surface under
abnormal or failed ballast conditions . 182
N.3 Thermal protectors . 183
N.4 Deletion of the F mark requirements . 184
Annex O (Void) . 185
Annex P (normative) Absorption requirements for the protective shield to be fitted to
luminaires designed for metal halide lamps which emit a high level of UV radiation . 186
P.1 General . 186
P.2 Procedure A . 186
P.3 Procedure B . 187
Annex Q (informative) Conformity testing during manufacture . 188
Q.1 General . 188
Q.2 Testing . 188
Annex R (normative) Schedule of amended subclauses containing more serious/critical
requirements which require products to be retested . 190
Annex S (normative) Requirements for the identification of a family or range of
luminaires for type testing . 191
S.1 General . 191
S.2 Range or family of luminaires . 191
Annex T (informative) Reference to Class 0 . 192
T.1 General . 192
T.2 Definition . 192
T.3 Requirements and tests . 192
Annex U (informative) Creepage and clearances distances for luminaires where a
higher degree of availability (impulse withstand category III) may be requested . 193
U.1 General . 193
U.2 Requirements for impulse withstand category III . 193
Annex V (normative) Additional test requirements for terminal blocks with integrated
screwless earthing contact for direct connection to the luminaire housing or to parts of
the body . 195
V.1 Additional requirements to 7.2.1 . 195
V.2 Additional requirements to 7.2.3 . 195
Annex W (normative) Alternative thermal test for thermoplastic luminaires . 197
W.1 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp controlgear or electronic
devices without temperature sensing controls in thermoplastic luminaires
for fluorescent lamps ≤ 70 W . 197
Annex X (normative) . 199
Bibliography . 201

Figure 1 – Symbols (1 of 2) . 128

– 6 – IEC 60598-1:2014  IEC 2014
Figure 2 – Terminal block arrangement for installation test for luminaires with
connecting leads (tails) . 129
Figure 3 – This figure has been withdrawn from the present edition. . 129
Figure 4 – Illustration of the requirements of 4.15 . 130
Figure 5 – This figure has been withdrawn from the present edition. . 130
Figure 6 – Apparatus for proving protection against dust . 131
Figure 7 – Apparatus for testing protection against rain and splashing . 132
Figure 8 – Nozzle for spray test . 133
Figure 9 – Relation between winding temperature and mounting surface temperature . 134
Figure 10 – Ball-pressure apparatus . 135
Figure 11 – Arrangement and dimensions of the electrodes for the tracking test . 135
Figure 12 – Pillar terminals . 136
Figure 13 – Screw terminals and stud terminals (1 of 2) . 137
Figure 14 – Saddle terminals . 139
Figure 15 – Lug terminals . 140
Figure 16 – Mantle terminals . 141
Figure 17 – Construction of electrical connections . 142
Figure 18 – Examples of spring-type screwless terminals . 142
Figure 19 – Further examples of screwless terminals . 143
Figure 20 – Illustration of the terms “lopping-in” and “through wiring” . 144
Figure 21 – Apparatus for ball impact tests . 145
Figure 22 – Examples of self-tapping, thread-cutting and thread-forming screws (from
ISO 1891) . 145
Figure 23 – This figure has been withdrawn from the present edition. . 145
Figure 24 – Illustration of creepage and clearance measurements at a supply terminal . 146
Figure 25 – Tumbling barrel . 146
Figure 26 – Test circuit for safety during insertion . 147
Figure 27 – Ignition temperatures of wood as a function of time . 147
Figure 28 – Example of permitted degree of soldering . 148
Figure 29 – Test chain . 148
Figure 30 – Example of a thread forming screw used in a groove of a metallic material . 149
Figure 31 – Electro-mechanical contact system with plug/socket connection . 150
Figure 32 – Test circuit for luminaires incorporating fluorescent lamp ≤ 70 W . 150
Figure C.1 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (some capacitive starterless ballasts
only) . 156
Figure C.2 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (ballasts for single pin lamps) . 156
Figure C.3 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect of some high pressure sodium and
some metal halide lamps . 157
Figure D.1 – Example of test recess where a luminaire comprises separate parts . 159
Figure D.2 – Correct test box size (insulating ceilings) for settable and adjustable

luminaires . 160
Figure G.1 – Test configuration: single-phase equipment on star TN or TT system. 166
Figure G.2 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for perception or reaction . 166
Figure G.3 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for let-go (for portable class I
luminaires) . 166

Figure G.4 – Measuring network, weighted for high frequency protective conductor
currents . 167
Figure K.1 – Placing of thermocouples on a typical lampholder . 174
Figure V.1 – Arrangement for voltage drop test . 196
Figure X.1 – Declaration of LV and U and the insulation barriers between the
supply out
light source and accessible parts . 199

Table 3.1 – Marking . 33
Table 4.1 – Torque tests on screws . 49
Table 4.2 – Torque tests on glands. 51
Table 4.3 – Impact energy and spring compression . 52
Table 4.4 – Test on semi-luminaires . 56
Table 4.5 – Test on adjusting devices . 57
Table 5.1 – Supply cord . 69
Table 5.2 – Tests for cord anchorage . 72
Table 9.1 – Solid-object-proof luminaire test . 84
Table 10.1 – Minimum insulation resistance. 88
Table 10.2 – Electric strength . 90
Table 10.3 – Limits of touch current or protective conductor current and electric burn . 91
Table 11.1 – Minimum distances for a.c. (50/60 Hz) sinusoidal voltages (to be used in
conjunction with Annex M) . 93
Table 11.2 – Minimum distances for sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal pulse voltages . 94
Table 12.1 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for principal
parts (1 of 2) . 99
Table 12.2 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for common
materials used in luminaires (1 of 2) . 100
Table 12.3 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.5.1 . 103
Table 12.4 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp control gear . 104
Table 12.5 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp control gear marked “D6” . 104
Table 12.6 – Temperature overshoot time limitation . 106
Table 14.1 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to terminal sizes . 114
Table 14.2 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to maximum
current . 114
Table 14.3 – Composition of conductors . 115
Table 14.4 – Torque to be applied to screws and nuts . 117
Table 14.5 – Pull to be applied to conductor . 118
Table 15.1 – Conductor rating . 124
Table 15.2 – Conductor pull force . 124
Table F.1 – pH value of the test solution . 162
Table G.1 – Position of switch e, n and p for the measurements of the different classes
of luminaires . 165
Table J.1 – Degrees of protection indicated by the first characteristic numeral . 170
Table J.2 – Degrees of protection indicated by the second characteristic numeral . 171
Table L.1 – Damaging influences. 175

– 8 – IEC 60598-1:2014  IEC 2014
Table M.1 – Determination of creepage distances and clearances (see Table 11.1) . 180
Table N.1 – Guidance on when to use the symbol and its explanation on the luminaire
or in the manufacturer’s instructions provided with the luminaire . 181
Table N.2 – Thermal protection operation . 183
Table Q.1 – Minimum values for electrical tests . 189
Table U.1 – Minimum distances for a.c. (50/60 Hz) sinusoidal voltages impulse
withstand category III . 194
Table X.1 – Insulation requirements between active parts and accessible conductive
parts . 200

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LUMINAIRES –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

FOREWORD
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Edition 8.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
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Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

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IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 8.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.140.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-4836-2

IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 8.1 2017-09
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60598-1
Edition 8.0  2014-05
LUMINAIRES –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by subcommittee 34D: Luminaires, of IEC
technical committee 34: Lamps and related equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
ISH Report on voting
34D/1197/ISH 34D/1207/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.

___________
INTRODUCTION (not part of the proposal)
Changes introduced in IEC 60598-1 Ed.8.0 were made urgently to address completely new
designs of LED luminaire that are entering the market. Some further alignment with the
already existing previous requirements of the standard are still needed and this will be
addressed for Amendment 1 to Edition 8 that is now in preparation.
PROPOSAL
To publish Interpretation Sheet on Clause 4.31; Clause 10; Clause 11; Annex M and Annex X
of IEC 60598-1:2014 (Ed. 8.0), Luminaires – Part 1: General requirements and tests, as
follows:
ICS 29.140.40
– 2 – IEC 60598-1:2014/ISH1:2016  IEC 2016
INTERPRETATION SHEET
Clause 4.31; Clause 10; Clause 11; Annex M and Annex X of
For insulation requirements between active (current carrying/live) parts and accessible parts,
Table X.1 of Annex X is to be taken as the definitive reference of the required insulation that
is to be provided. Furthermore, the details prescribed by Table X.1 are to be used as the
basis for establishing the ‘working voltage’ that is to be considered for application of the
electric strength tests of Clause 10 and Creepage and Clearance requirements of Clause 11.

– 2 – IEC 60598-1:2014+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 9
SECTION 0: GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 11
0.1 Scope . 11
0.2 Normative references . 12
0.3 General requirements . 15
0.4 General test requirements and verification . 15
0.5 Components of luminaires . 16
0.6 List of parts of IEC 60598-2 . 17
0.7 Information for luminaire design in light sources standards . 18
SECTION 1: TERMS AND DEFINITIONS . 18
1.1 General . 18
1.2 Terms and definitions . 18
SECTION 2: CLASSIFICATION OF LUMINAIRES . 32
2.1 General . 32
2.2 Classification according to type of protection against electric shock . 32
2.3 Classification according to degree of protection against ingress of dust,
solid objects and moisture . 33
2.4 Classification according to material of supporting surface for which the
luminaire is designed . 33
2.5 Classification according to the circumstances of use . 33
SECTION 3: MARKING . 34
3.1 General . 34
3.2 Marking on luminaires . 34
3.3 Additional information . 40
3.4 Test of marking . 42
SECTION 4: CONSTRUCTION . 43
4.1 General . 43
4.2 Replaceable components . 43
4.3 Wireways . 43
4.4 Lampholders . 43
4.5 Starterholders . 45
4.6 Terminal blocks . 45
4.7 Terminals and supply connections . 46
4.8 Switches . 48
4.9 Insulating linings and sleeves . 48
4.10 Double and reinforced insulation. 49
4.11 Electrical connections and current-carrying parts . 50
4.12 Screws and connections (mechanical) and glands . 52
4.13 Mechanical strength . 55
4.14 Suspensions, fixings and means of adjustment . 58
4.15 Flammable materials . 61
4.16 Luminaires for mounting on normally flammable surfaces . 62
4.17 Drain holes. 64
4.18 Resistance to corrosion . 64
4.19 Ignitors. 64
4.20 Rough service luminaires – Vibration requirements . 65

 IEC 2017
4.21 Protective shield . 65
4.22 Attachments to lamps . 66
4.23 Semi-luminaires . 66
4.24 Photobiological hazards. 66
4.25 Mechanical hazard . 67
4.26 Short-circuit protection . 67
4.27 Terminal blocks with integrated screwless earthing contacts . 68
4.28 Fixing of thermal sensing controls . 68
4.29 Luminaire with non replaceable light source. . 69
4.30 Luminaires with non-user replaceable light sources . 69
4.31 Insulation between circuits . 69
4.32 Overvoltage protective devices . 71
SECTION 5: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WIRING . 71
5.1 General . 71
5.2 Supply connection and other external wiring . 72
5.3 Internal wiring . 78
5.4 Test to determine suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-
sectional area . 81
SECTION 6: Not used . 82
SECTION 7: PROVISION FOR EARTHING. 82
7.1 General . 82
7.2 Provision for earthing . 82
SECTION 8: PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC SHOCK . 85
8.1 General . 85
8.2 Protection against electric shock . 85
SECTION 9: RESISTANCE TO DUST, SOLID OBJECTS AND MOISTURE . 88
9.1 General . 88
9.2 Tests for ingress of dust, solid objects and moisture . 88
9.3 Humidity test . 93
SECTION 10: INSULATION RESISTANCE AND ELECTRIC STRENGTH, TOUCH
CURRENT AND PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR CURRENT . 94
10.1 General . 94
10.2 Insulation resistance and electric strength . 94
10.3 Touch current, protective conductor current and electric burn . 98
SECTION 11: CREEPAGE DISTANCES AND CLEARANCES . 98
11.1 General . 98
11.2 Creepage distances and clearances . 99
SECTION 12: ENDURANCE TEST AND THERMAL TEST . 103
12.1 General . 103
12.2 Selection of lamps and ballasts . 103
12.3 Endurance test . 104
12.4 Thermal test (normal operation) . 105
12.5 Thermal test (abnormal operation) . 110
12.6 Thermal test (failed windings in lamp control gear) . 114
12.7 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp control gear or electronic
devices incorporated in thermoplastic luminaires . 116
SECTION 13: RESISTANCE TO HEAT, FIRE AND TRACKING . 119
13.1 General . 119

– 4 – IEC 60598-1:2014+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
13.2 Resistance to heat . 119
13.3 Resistance to flame and ignition . 119
13.4 Resistance to tracking . 120
SECTION 14: SCREW TERMINALS . 121
14.1 General . 121
14.2 Terms and definitions . 121
14.3 General requirements and basic principles . 122
14.4 Mechanical tests . 124
SECTION 15: SCREWLESS TERMINALS AND ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS . 127
15.1 General . 127
15.2 Terms and definitions . 128
15.3 General requirements . 128
15.4 General instructions on tests . 129
15.5 Terminal and connections for internal wiring . 130
15.6 Terminals and connections for external wiring . 132
Annex A (normative) Test to establish whether a conductive part may cause
an electric shock . 160
Annex B (normative) Test lamps . 161
B.1 General . 161
B.2 Filament lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-1 and IEC 60432-2 . 161
B.2.1 Principal modes of heat transfer and lamps used for testing . 161
B.2.2 Filament test lamps . 161
B.3 Halogen lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-3 . 163
B.4 Tubular fluorescent and other discharge lamps . 163
B.5 LED modules within the scope of IEC 62031 . 163
Annex C (normative) Abnormal circuit conditions . 164
Annex D (normative) Draught-proof enclosure . 167
Annex E (normative) Determination of winding temperature rises by the increase-in-
resistance method . 170
Annex F (normative) Test for resistance to stress corrosion of copper and copper alloys . 171
F.1 Test cabinet . 171
F.2 Test solution . 171
F.3 Test piece . 171
F.4 Test procedure . 172
)
Annex G (normative) Measurement of touch current and protective conductor current . 173
Annex H (Void) . 177
Annex I (Void) . 178
Annex J (informative) Explanation of IP numbers for degrees of protection . 179
Annex K (informative) Temperature measurement . 181
K.1 Temperature measurements of the luminaire . 181
K.2 Temperature measurement of the insulation parts of lampholders . 182
Annex L (informative) Guide to good practice in luminaire design . 184
L.1 General . 184
L.2 Plastics in luminaires . 184
L.3 Rust resistance . 185
L.4 Corrosion resistance . 185
L.5 Chemically corrosive atmospheres . 186

 IEC 2017
L.6 Reflector design . 186
L.7 Components in different kinds of luminaires . 187
L.8 Recommendations for electromagnetic ballast protection for end of life
phenomenon of HID lamps . 188
L.9 Resistance against the effects of vibration . 188
L.10 Flammability of components . 188
Annex M (normative) Determination of creepage distances and clearances . 189
Annex N (informative) Explanation of marking for luminaires that are not suitable for
mounting on normally flammable surfaces and covering with insulation materials . 190
N.0 General . 190
N.1 Protection against flame . 190
N.2 Protection against heat . 190
N.2.1 Spacing . 191
N.2.2 Temperature measurements of mounting surface under
abnormal or failed ballast conditions . 191
N.3 Thermal protectors . 192
N.4 Deletion of the F mark requirements . 193
Annex O (Void) . 194
Annex P (normative) Absorption requirements for the protective shield to be fitted to

luminaires designed for metal halide lamps which emit a high level of UV radiation . 195
P.1 General . 195
P.2 Procedure A . 195
P.3 Procedure B . 196
Annex Q (informative) Conformity testing during manufacture . 197
Q.1 General . 197
Q.2 Testing . 197
Annex R (normative) Schedule of amended clauses and subclauses containing more
serious/critical requirements which require call for products to be retested . 199
Annex S (normative) Requirements for the identification of a family or range of
luminaires for type testing . 200
S.1 General . 200
S.2 Range or family of luminaires . 200
Annex T (Void) (informative) Reference to Class 0 . 201
Annex U (informative) Creepage and clearances distances for luminaires where a
higher degree of availability (impulse withstand category III) may be requested . 203
U.1 General . 203
U.2 Requirements for impulse withstand category III . 203
Annex V (normative) Additional test requirements for terminal blocks with integrated
screwless earthing contact for direct connection to the luminaire housing or to parts of
the body . 205
V.1 Additional requirements to 7.2.1 . 205
V.2 Additional requirements to 7.2.3 . 205
Annex W (normative) Alternative thermal test for thermoplastic luminaires . 207
W.1 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in lamp controlgear or electronic
devices without temperature sensing controls in thermoplastic luminaires
for fluorescent lamps ≤ 70 W . 207
Annex X (normative) . 209
Bibliography . 211

– 6 – IEC 60598-1:2014+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
Figure 1 – Symbols (1 of 2) . 137
Figure 2 – Terminal block arrangement for installation test for luminaires with
connecting leads (tails) . 138
Figure 3 – This figure has been withdrawn from the present edition. . 139
Figure 4 – Illustration of the requirements of 4.15 . 139
Figure 5 – This figure has been withdrawn from the present edition. . 139
Figure 6 – Apparatus for proving protection against dust . 140
Figure 7 – Apparatus for testing protection against rain and splashing . 141
Figure 8 – Nozzle for spray test . 142
Figure 9 – Relation between winding temperature and mounting surface temperature . 143
Figure 10 – Ball-pressure apparatus . 144
Figure 11 – Arrangement and dimensions of the electrodes for the tracking test . 144
Figure 12 – Pillar terminals . 145
Figure 13 – Screw terminals and stud terminals (1 of 2) . 146
Figure 14 – Saddle terminals . 148
Figure 15 – Lug terminals . 149
Figure 16 – Mantle terminals . 150
Figure 17 – Construction of electrical connections . 151
Figure 18 – Examples of spring-type screwless terminals . 151
Figure 19 – Further examples of screwless terminals . 152
Figure 20 – Illustration of the terms “lopping-in” and “through wiring” . 153
Figure 21 – Apparatus for ball impact tests . 154
Figure 22 – Examples of self-tapping, thread-cutting and thread-forming screws (from
ISO 1891) . 154
Figure 23 – This figure has been withdrawn from the present edition. . 154
Figure 24 – Illustration of creepage and clearance measurements at a supply terminal . 155
Figure 25 – Tumbling barrel . 155
Figure 26 – Test circuit for safety during insertion . 156
Figure 27 – Ignition temperatures of wood as a function of time . 156
Figure 28 – Example of permitted degree of soldering . 157
Figure 29 – Test chain . 157
Figure 30 – Example of a thread forming screw used in a groove of a metallic material . 158
Figure 31 – Electro-mechanical contact system with plug/socket connection . 159
Figure 32 – Test circuit for luminaires incorporating fluorescent lamp ≤ 70 W . 159
Figure 33 – Test to determine suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-
sectional area . 82
Figure C.1 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (some capacitive starterless ballasts
only) . 165
Figure C.2 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect (ballasts for single pin lamps) . 165
Figure C.3 – Circuit for testing rectifying effect of some high pressure sodium and
some metal halide lamps . 166
Figure D.1 – Example of test recess where a luminaire comprises separate parts . 168
Figure D.2 – Correct test box size (insulating ceilings) for settable and adjustable
luminaires . 169
Figure G.1 – Test configuration: single-phase equipment on star TN or TT system. 175

 IEC 2017
Figure G.2 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for perception or reaction . 175
Figure G.3 – Measuring network, touch current weighted for let-go (for portable class I
luminaires) . 175
Figure G.4 – Measuring network, weighted for high frequency protective conductor
currents . 176
Figure K.1 – Placing of thermocouples on a typical lampholder . 183
Figure V.1 – Arrangement for voltage drop test . 206
Figure X.1 – Declaration of LV and U and the insulation barriers between the
supply out
light source and accessible parts . 209

Table 3.1 – Marking . 35
Table 3.2 – Identification of extra low voltage d.c. leads and terminations . 38
Table 4.1 – Torque tests on screws . 53
Table 4.2 – Torque tests on glands. 55
Table 4.3 – Impact energy and spring compression . 55
Table 4.4 – Test on semi-luminaires . 59
Table 4.5 – Test on adjusting devices . 60
Table 5.1 – Supply cord . 73
Table 5.2 – Tests for cord anchorage . 77
Table 5.3 – Wiring dimension . 74
Table 9.1 – Solid-object-proof luminaire test . 91
Table 10.1 – Minimum insulation resistance. 95
Table 10.2 – Electric strength . 97
Table 10.3 – Limits of touch current or protective conductor current and electric burn . 98
Table 11.1.A – Minimum creepage distances for a.c. (50/60 Hz) sinusoidal voltages up
to 30 kHz (to be used in conjunction with Annex M) . 101
Table 11.1.B – Minimum clearance for working voltages (to be used in conjunction with
Annex M) . 102
Table 11.2 – Minimum distances for sinusoidal or non-sinusoidal ignition pulse voltages
or equivalent peak voltage Up . 103
Table 12.1 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for principal
parts (1 of 2) . 108
Table 12.2 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.4.2, for common
materials used in luminaires (1 of 2) . 109
Table 12.3 – Maximum temperatures under the test conditions of 12.5.1 . 112
Table 12.4 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp control gear . 113
Table 12.5 – Maximum temperature of windings under abnormal operating conditions
and at 110 % of rated voltage for lamp control gear marked “D6” . 113
Table 12.6 – Temperature overshoot time limitation . 115
Table 14.1 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to terminal sizes . 123
Table 14.2 – Nominal cross-sectional areas of conductors according to maximum
current . 123
Table 14.3 – Composition of conductors . 124
Table 14.4 – Torque to be applied to screws and nuts . 126
Table 14.5 – Pull to be applied to conductor . 127

– 8 – IEC 60598-1:2014+AMD1:2017 CSV
 IEC 2017
Table 15.1 – Conductor rating . 133
Table 15.2 – Conductor pull force . 133
Table F.1 – pH value of the test solution . 171
Table G.1 – Position of switch e, n and p for the measurements of the different classes

of luminaires . 174
Table J.1 – Degrees of protection indicated by the first characteristic numeral . 179
Table J.2 – Degrees of protection indicated by the second characteristic numeral . 180
Table L.1 – Damaging influences. 184
Table M.1 – Determination of creepage distances and clearances (see Table 11.1) . 189
Table N.1 – Guidance on when to use the symbol and its explanation on the luminaire
or in the manufacturer’s instructions provided with the luminaire . 190
Table N.2 – Thermal protection operation . 192
Table Q.1 – Minimum values for electrical tests . 198
Table U.1 – Minimum clearance distances for a.c. sinusoidal working voltages impulse
withstand category III . 204
Table X.1 – Insulation requirements between active parts and accessible conductive
parts . 210

 IEC 2017
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
LUMINAIRES –
Part 1: General requirements and tests
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in
...