IEC 61180:2016

High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment - Definitions, test and procedure requirements, test equipment

IEC 61180:2016 is applicable to dielectric tests with direct voltage; dielectric tests with alternating voltage; dielectric tests with impulse voltage and test equipment used for dielectric tests on low-voltage equipment. This standard is applicable only to tests on equipment having a rated voltage of not more than 1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c. This standard is applicable to type and routine tests for objects which are subjected to high voltage tests as specified by the technical committee. The test equipment comprises a voltage generator and a measuring system. This standard covers test equipment in which the measuring system is protected against external interference and coupling by appropriate screening, for example a continuous conducting shield. Therefore, simple comparison tests are sufficient to ensure valid results. This standard is not intended to be used for electromagnetic compatibility tests on electric or electronic equipment. Tests with the combination of impulse voltages and currents are covered by IEC 61000-4-5. This standard provides the relevant technical committees as far as possible with:
- defined terms of both general and specific applicability;
- general requirements regarding test objects and test procedures;
- methods for generation and measurement of test voltages;
- test procedures;
- methods for the evaluation of test results and to indicate criteria for acceptance;
- requirements concerning approved measuring devices and checking methods and measurement uncertainty. Alternative test procedures may be required and these should be specified by the relevant technical committees. Care should be taken if the test object has voltage limiting devices, as they may influence the results of the test. The relevant technical committees should provide guidance for testing objects equipped with voltage limiting devices. This 1st edition of IEC 61180 cancels and replaces the 1st edition of IEC 61180-1, issued in 1992, and the 1st edition of IEC 61180-2, issued in 1994. Key words: High Voltage Test Techniques, Dielectric Tests, Disruptive Discharge, Withstand Voltage.

Techniques des essais à haute tension pour matériel à basse tension - Définitions, exigences relatives aux essais, matériel d'essai

L'IEC 61180:2016 est applicable aux essais diélectriques en tension continue, aux essais diélectriques en tension alternative, aux essais diélectriques en tension de choc et au matériel d'essai utilisé pour effectuer des essais diélectriques sur des matériels à basse tension. La présente Norme n'est applicable qu'aux essais de matériels dont la tension assignée ne dépasse pas 1 kV en courant alternatif ou 1,5 kV en courant continu. La présente Norme est applicable aux essais de type et aux essais individuels de série pour les objets qui sont soumis à des essais à haute tension tels que spécifiés par le comité d'études. Le matériel d'essai est constitué d'un générateur de tension et d'un système de mesure. La présente Norme concerne le matériel d'essai dont le système de mesure est protégé contre les perturbations et les couplages externes par un système d'écrans approprié, par exemple, un écran conducteur continu. En conséquence, des essais de comparaison simples sont suffisants pour assurer la validité des résultats. La présente Norme n'est pas destinée à être utilisée pour les essais de compatibilité électromagnétique de matériel électrique ou électronique. Les essais qui combinent des tensions et des courants de choc sont couverts par l'IEC 61000-4-5. La présente norme spécifie autant que possible aux comités d'études concernés des termes définis d'application générale ou particulière, des exigences générales relatives aux objets en essai et aux modalités d'essai, des méthodes pour produire et mesurer les tensions d'essai, des modalités d'essai, des méthodes d'interprétation des résultats d'essai et d'indication des critères d'acceptation, des exigences concernant les dispositifs de mesure certifiés et les méthodes de vérification, une incertitude de mesure. Des variantes aux modalités d'essai peuvent être exigées et il convient qu'elles soient spécifiées par les comités d'études concernés. Il convient de déterminer si l'objet en essai comporte des dispositifs limiteurs de tension dans la mesure où ils peuvent influer sur les résultats de l'essai. Il convient que les comités d'études concernés fournissent des lignes directrices concernant les essais auxquels sont soumis les objets équipés de dispositifs limiteurs de tension. Cette première édition de l'IEC 61180 annule et remplace la première édition de l'IEC 61180-1, publiée en 1992, et la première édition de l'IEC 61180-2, publiée en 1994. Mots-clés: Techniques des essais à haute tension, essais diélectriques, décharge disruptive, tension de tenue.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Jun-2016
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 19.080 - Electrical and electronic testing
• Technical Committee: TC 42 - High-voltage and high-current test techniques
• Drafting Committee: MT 18 - TC 42/MT 18
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 15-Jun-2016
• Completion Date: 24-Jun-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61180
®

Edition 1.0 2016-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Definitions, test and
procedure requirements, test equipment

Techniques des essais à haute tension pour matériel à basse tension –
Définitions, exigences et modalités relatives aux essais, matériel d'essai

IEC 61180:2016-06(en-fr)

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IEC 61180

®


Edition 1.0 2016-06




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside










High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Definitions, test and

procedure requirements, test equipment




Techniques des essais à haute tension pour matériel à basse tension –

Définitions, exigences et modalités relatives aux essais, matériel d'essai
















INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE


INTERNATIONALE




ICS 19.080 ISBN 978-2-8322-3366-5



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – IEC 61180:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references. 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
3.1 General terms . 8
3.2 Definitions related to disruptive discharge and test voltages . 8
3.3 Characteristics related to the test equipment . 9
3.4 Characteristics related to direct voltage tests . 9
3.5 Characteristics related to alternating voltage tests . 10
3.6 Characteristics related to impulse tests (see Figure 1) . 11
3.7 Definitions relating to tolerance and uncertainty . 12
4 General requirements . 13
4.1 General . 13
4.2 Atmospheric conditions for test procedures and verification of test equipment . 14
4.3 Procedures for qualification and use of measuring systems . 14
4.3.1 General principles . 14
4.3.2 Schedule of performance tests . 15
4.3.3 Requirements for the record of performance . 15
4.3.4 Uncertainty . 15
4.4 Tests and test requirements for an approved measuring system and its
components . 16
4.4.1 Calibration – Determination of the scale factor . 16
4.4.2 Influence of load . 18
4.4.3 Dynamic behaviour . 18
4.4.4 Short-term stability . 19
4.4.5 Long-term stability . 19
4.4.6 Ambient temperature effect . 20
4.4.7 Uncertainty calculation of the scale factor . 20
4.4.8 Uncertainty calculation of time parameter measurement (impulse
voltages only) . 22
5 Tests with direct voltage . 25
5.1 General . 25
5.2 Test voltage . 25
5.2.1 Requirements for the test voltage . 25
5.2.2 Generation of the test voltage . 25
5.2.3 Measurement of the test voltage . 25
5.3 Test procedures . 26
5.3.1 Withstand voltage tests . 26
6 Tests with alternating voltage . 27
6.1 Test voltage . 27
6.1.1 Requirements for the test voltage . 27
6.1.2 Generation of the test voltage . 27
6.1.3 Measurement of the test voltage . 28
6.2 Test procedures . 30
6.2.1 Withstand voltage tests . 30
7 Tests with impulse voltage . 30

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IEC 61180:2016 © IEC 2016 – 3 –
7.1 Test voltage . 30
7.1.1 General . 30
7.1.2 Requirements for the test voltage . 31
7.1.3 Generation of the test voltage . 31
7.1.4 Measurement of the test voltage and determination of impulse shape . 32
7.2 Test procedures . 32
7.2.1 Verification of impulse voltage waveshape . 32
7.2.2 Impulse voltage tests . 32
7.3 Measurement of the test voltage . 32
7.3.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 32
7.3.2 Uncertainty contributions . 33
7.3.3 Dynamic behaviour . 33
7.3.4 Requirements for measuring instrument . 33
8 Reference measurement systems . 33
8.1 Requirements for reference measuring systems . 33
8.1.1 Direct voltage. 33
8.1.2 Alternating voltage . 33
8.1.3 Impulse voltages . 33
8.2 Calibration of a reference measuring system . 33
8.2.1 General . 33
8.2.2 Reference method: comparative measurement . 34
8.3 Interval between successive calibrations of reference measuring systems . 34
8.4 Use of reference measuring systems . 34
Annex A (informative) Uncertainty of measurement . 35
A.1 General . 35
A.2 Terms and definitions in addition to 3.7 . 35
A.3 Model function . 36
A.4 Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty . 36
A.5 Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty . 37
A.6 Combined standard uncertainty . 38
A.7 Expanded uncertainty . 39
A.8 Effective degrees of freedom . 40
A.9 Uncertainty budget . 40
A.10 Statement of the measurement result . 41
Annex B (informative) Example for the calculation of measuring uncertainties in high-
voltage measurements . 43
Annex C (informative) Atmospheric correction . 47
C.1 Standard reference atmosphere . 47
C.2 Atmospheric correction factor . 47
C.2.1 General . 47
C.2.2 Humidity correction factor k . 47
2
C.2.3 Air density correction factor k . 48
1
Bibliography . 49

Figure 1 – Full impulse voltage time parameters . 11
Figure 2 – Calibration by comparison over the full voltage range . 17
Figure 3 – Uncertainty contributions of the calibration (example with a minimum of 5
voltage levels) . 18

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– 4 – IEC 61180:2016 © IEC 2016
Figure 4 – Shaded area for acceptable normalised amplitude-frequency responses of
measuring systems intended for single fundamental frequencies f (to be tested in
nom
the range (1….7) f ) . 29
nom
Figure 5 – Shaded area for acceptable normalised amplitude-frequency responses of
measuring systems intended for a range of fundamental frequencies f to f (to
nom1 nom2
be tested in the range f to 7 f ) . 29
nom1 nom2
Figure 6 – 1,2/50 µs standard impulse voltage . 31
Figure A.1 – Normal probability distribution p(x) . 42
Figure A.2 – Rectangular probability distribution p(x) . 42

Table 1 – Tests required for an approved direct voltage measuring system . 26
Table 2 – Minimum currents of the test circuit . 27
Table 3 – Tests required for an approved alternating voltage measuring system . 30
Table 4 – Tests required for an approved impulse voltage measuring system . 33
Table A.1 – Coverage factor k for effective degrees of freedom ν (p = 95,45 %) . 40
eff
Table A.2 – Schematic of an uncertainty budget . 41
Table B.1 – Result of the comparison measurement up to 500 V at a single voltage level . 44
Table B.2 – Summary of results for h = 5 voltage levels (V = 500 V) . 45
Xmax
Table B.3 – Uncertainty budget of the assigned scale factor F . 46
X

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IEC 61180:2016 © IEC 2016 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES FOR LOW-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT –

Definitions, test and procedure requirements, test equipment

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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International Standard IEC 61180 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 42: High-
voltage and high-current test techniques.
st st
This 1 edition of IEC 61180 cancels and replaces the 1 edition of IEC 61180-1, issued in
st
1992, and the 1 edition of IEC 61180-2, issued in 1994.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
42/341/FDIS 42/342/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

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– 6 – IEC 61180:2016 © IEC 2016
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
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related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
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IEC 61180:2016 © IEC 2016 – 7 –
HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES FOR LOW-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT –

Definitions, test and procedure requirements, test equipment



1 Scope
This International Standard is applicable to:
– dielectric tests with direct voltage;
– dielectric tests with alternating voltage;
– dielectric tests with impulse voltage;
– test equipment used for dielectric tests on low-voltage equipment.
This standard is applicable only to tests on equipment having a rated voltage of not more than
1 kV a.c. or 1,5 kV d.c.
This standard is applicable to type and routine tests for objects which are subjected to high
voltage tests as specified by the technical committee.
The test equipment comprises a voltage generator and a measuring system. This standard
covers test equipment in which the measuring system is protected against external
interference and coupling by appropriate screening, for example a continuous conducting
shield. Therefore, simple comparison tests are sufficient to ensure valid results.
This standard is not intended to be used for electromagnetic compatibility tests on electric or
electronic equipment
NOTE Tests with the combination of impulse voltages and currents are covered by IEC 61000-4-5.
This standard provides the relevant technical committees as far as possible with:
– defined terms of both general and specific applicability;
– general requirements regarding test objects and test procedures;
– methods for generation and measurement of test voltages;
– test procedures;
– methods for the evaluation of test results and to indicate criteria for acceptance;
– requirements concerning approved measuring devices and checking methods;
– measurement uncertainty.
Alternative test procedures may be required and these should be specified by the relevant
technical committees.
Care should be taken if the test object has voltage limiting devices, as they may influence the
results of the test. The relevant technical committees should provide guidance for testing
objects equipped with voltage limiting devices.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

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– 8 – IEC 61180:2016 © IEC 2016
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60060-1:2010, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60060-2:2010, High-voltage test techniques – Part 2: Measuring systems
IEC 60068-1:2013, Environmental testing – Part 1: General and guidance
IEC 60335(all parts): Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety
IEC 60664-1:2007, Insulation co-ordination for equipment within low-voltage systems – Part 1:
Principles, requirements and tests
IEC 61083-1:2001, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage impulse
test – Part 1: Requirements for instruments
IEC 61083-2:2013, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage and high-
current tests – Part 2: Requirements for software for tests with impulse voltages and currents
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurements (GUM)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
clearance
distance between two conductive parts along a string stretched across the shortest path
between these conductive parts
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-441:1984, 441-17-31]
3.1.2
creepage distance
shortest distance along the surface of a solid insulating material between two conductive
parts
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-15-50]
3.2 Definitions related to disruptive discharge and test voltages
3.2.1
disruptive discharge
failure of insulation under electric stress, in which the discharge completely bridges the
insulation under test, reducing the voltage between electrodes to practically zero
3.2.2
withstand voltage
specified voltage value which characterizes the insulation of the object with regard to a
withstand test

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IEC 61180:2016 © IEC 2016 – 9 –
Note 1 to entry: Unless otherwise specified, withstand voltages are referred to standard reference atmospheric
conditions (see 4.2).
3.3 Characteristics related to the test equipment
3.3.1
calibration
set of operations that establishes, by reference to standards, the relationship which exists,
under specified conditions, between an indication and a result of a measurement
Note 1 to entry: The determination of the scale factor is included in the calibration.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-311:2001, 311-01-09, modified: note modified]
3.3.2
type test
conformity test made on one or more items representative of the production
Note 1 to entry: For a measuring system, this is a test performed on a component or on a complete measuring
system of the same design to characterize it under operating conditions.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151: 2001, 151-16-16, modified:note added]
3.3.3
routine test
conformity test made on each individual item during or after manufacture
Note 1 to entry: This is a test performed on each component or on each complete measuring system
...