IEC 62282-3-100:2012

Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Safety

IEC 62282-3-100:2012 is applicable to stationary fuel cell power systems intended for indoor and outdoor commercial, industrial and residential use in non-hazardous (unclassified) areas. It contemplates all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, with the exception of those associated with environmental compatibility (installation conditions), relevant to fuel cell power systems, when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer.

Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 3-100: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires - Sécurité

L'IEC 62282-3-100:2012 s'applique aux systèmes à piles à combustibles stationnaires destinés à un usage à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur, commercial, industriel ou d'habitation, dans des zones non dangereuses (non classées). Elle traite de tous les dangers importants, situations et évènements dangereux, à l'exception de ceux associés à la compatibilité environnementale (conditions d'installation), relatifs aux systèmes à piles à combustible, lorsqu'ils sont utilisés comme prévu et selon les conditions prévues par le fabricant.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 15-Feb-2012
• ICS: 27.070 - Fuel cells
• ICS: 29.100.10 - Magnetic components
• ICS: 29.180 - Transformers. Reactors
• Technical Committee: TC 105 - Fuel cell technologies
• Drafting Committee: MT 201 - TC 105/MT 201
• Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
• Start Date: 12-Feb-2019
• Completion Date: 30-Dec-2016

Relations

• Replaces: IEC 62282-3-1:2007 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-1: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Safety
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023
• Revised: IEC 62282-3-100:2019 - Fuel cell technologies - Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems - Safety
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview - IEC 62282-3-100:2012 (Stationary fuel cell power systems - Safety)

IEC 62282-3-100:2012 is the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) safety standard for stationary fuel cell power systems intended for indoor and outdoor commercial, industrial and residential use in non‑hazardous (unclassified) areas. Edition 1.0 (2012) addresses significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to fuel cell power systems used as intended - excluding issues specifically tied to environmental compatibility of installation conditions. The document defines safety requirements, test methods and documentation needed to reduce risks from fuel, electrical, thermal, mechanical and control‑system hazards.

Key technical topics and requirements

The standard covers a comprehensive set of safety and verification topics, including:

• Scope & definitions - Terms and safety strategy for stationary fuel cell systems.
• Physical environment and operating conditions - Requirements for fuel, water, power inputs, vibration, handling and purging.
• Materials and pressure equipment - Selection of materials, piping and pressure‑containing parts; flue gas venting and gas‑conveying components.
• Fire/explosion prevention - Measures for cabinets, burners and catalytic oxidation systems.
• Electrical safety & EMC - Electrical protection, insulation and electromagnetic compatibility requirements.
• Control systems and protective components - Control logic, protective devices and automatic shutdown/ignition controls.
• Rotating equipment, valves and utilities - Requirements for compressors, pumps, valves and service connections.
• Type, routine and performance tests - Leakage, strength, electrical overload, emissions (CO, flammable components), wind and rain tests, condensate and vent testing.
• Marking, labelling and manuals - Installation, user, operating and maintenance documentation and safety labelling.
• Annexes - Informative guidance on significant hazards and material compatibility for hydrogen service.

(Topics listed reflect the standard’s detailed table of contents and test procedures.)

Practical applications - who uses IEC 62282-3-100

This standard is essential for:

• Fuel cell manufacturers and system integrators - design, safety validation and compliance testing.
• Testing & certification laboratories - performing type and routine tests (leakage, strength, emissions, EMC, wind/rain).
• Installers and commissioning teams - following installation and venting safety requirements and installation manuals.
• Safety engineers and compliance officers - risk assessment, protective measures and documentation for residential, commercial and industrial installations.
• Regulators and certification bodies - referencing uniform safety criteria for product approval and market access.

Related standards

• Other parts of the IEC 62282 series (fuel cell technologies) and relevant IEC standards on electrical safety, EMC and pressure equipment should be consulted in conjunction with IEC 62282-3-100.

Keywords: IEC 62282-3-100, stationary fuel cell safety, fuel cell standards, type testing, emissions testing, venting, electrical safety, hydrogen compatibility, installation manuals.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62282-3-100 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Safety

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IEC 62282-3-100 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Safety

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XB
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-88912-908-9

– 2 – 62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5

INTRODUCTION . 7

1 Scope . 9

2 Normative references . 10

3 Terms and definitions . 12

4 Safety requirements and protective measures . 17

4.1 General safety strategy . 17

4.2 Physical environment and operating conditions . 18
4.2.1 General . 18
4.2.2 Electrical power input . 18
4.2.3 Physical environment . 18
4.2.4 Fuel input . 18
4.2.5 Water input . 18
4.2.6 Vibration, shock and bump . 19
4.2.7 Handling, transportation, and storage . 19
4.2.8 System purging . 19
4.3 Selection of materials . 19
4.4 General requirements . 20
4.5 Pressure equipment and piping . 22
4.5.1 Pressure equipment. 22
4.5.2 Piping systems . 22
4.5.3 Flue gas venting . 23
4.5.4 Gas-conveying parts . 24
4.6 Protection against fire or explosion hazards . 24
4.6.1 Prevention against fire and explosion hazards in fuel cell power
systems provided with cabinets . 24
4.6.2 Prevention of fire and explosion hazards in burners . 26
4.6.3 Prevention of fire and explosion hazards in catalytic fuel oxidation
systems (catalytic burners) . 28
4.7 Electrical safety . 29
4.8 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 29
4.9 Control systems and protective components . 29
4.9.1 General requirements . 29

4.9.2 Control systems . 29
4.9.3 Protective components . 32
4.10 Pneumatic and hydraulic powered equipment . 33
4.11 Valves . 33
4.11.1 Shut-off valves . 33
4.11.2 Fuel valves . 33
4.12 Rotating equipment . 34
4.12.1 General requirements . 34
4.12.2 Compressors . 34
4.12.3 Pumps . 34
4.13 Cabinets . 35
4.14 Thermal insulating materials . 35
4.15 Utilities . 36
4.15.1 General requirements . 36

62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E) – 3 –

4.15.2 Water supply . 36

4.15.3 Fuel gas supply . 36

4.15.4 Electrical connections . 36

4.16 Installation and maintenance . 38

4.16.1 Installation . 38

4.16.2 Maintenance . 38

5 Type tests . 38

5.1 General requirements . 38

5.1.1 Operating parameters for tests . 39

5.2 Test fuels . 40
5.3 Basic test arrangements . 41
5.4 Leakage tests . 41
5.4.1 General . 41
5.4.2 Pneumatic leakage tests . 41
5.4.3 Hydrostatic leakage tests. 43
5.5 Strength tests . 44
5.5.1 General . 44
5.5.2 Pneumatic strength tests . 44
5.5.3 Hydrostatic strength test . 45
5.6 Normal operation type test . 46
5.7 Electrical overload test . 46
5.8 Shutdown parameters. 46
5.9 Burner operating characteristics tests . 46
5.9.1 General . 46
5.9.2 General testing . 46
5.9.3 Limit testing . 47
5.10 Automatic control of burners and catalytic oxidation reactors. 47
5.10.1 General . 47
5.10.2 Automatic ignition control burners . 47
5.10.3 Automated control of catalytic oxidation reactors . 50
5.11 Exhaust gas temperature test . 50
5.12 Surface and component temperatures . 50
5.13 Wind tests . 51
5.13.1 General . 51
5.13.2 Wind source calibration procedure for winds directed perpendicular

to the wall . 51
5.13.3 Verification of operation of outdoor fuel cell power systems under
wind conditions . 52
5.13.4 Verification of operation of indoor fuel cell power systems vented
horizontally through an outside wall . 53
5.13.5 Carbon monoxide (CO) and flammable gas components emissions
under wind – Indoor units . 55
5.13.6 Carbon monoxide (CO) and flammable gas components emissions
under wind – Outdoor units . 55
5.14 Rain test. 56
5.15 Emissions . 56
5.15.1 General . 56
5.15.2 Carbon monoxide (CO) and flammable gas emissions . 56
5.15.3 Normal conditions . 57
5.16 Blocked condensate line test . 57

– 4 – 62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E)

5.17 Condensate discharge test . 57

5.18 Electrical safety tests . 58

5.19 EMC test . 58

5.20 Vent system leakage test . 58

5.21 Leakage tests (repeat) . 59

6 Routine tests . 59

7 Marking, labelling and packaging . 60

7.1 General requirements . 60

7.2 Fuel cell power system marking . 60

7.3 Marking of components . 61
7.4 Technical documentation . 61
7.4.1 General . 61
7.4.2 Installation manual . 61
7.4.3 User’s information manual . 62
7.4.4 Operating manual . 65
7.4.5 Maintenance manual . 66
Annex A (informative) Significant hazards, hazardous situations and events dealt with
in this standard . 67
Annex B (informative) Carburization and material compatibility for hydrogen service . 69
Bibliography . 75

Figure 1 – Stationary fuel cell power systems . 7
Figure 2 – Test wall with static pressure ports and vent terminal locations . 52
Figure 3 – Vent test wall . 53
Figure 4 – Piezo ring and details of typical construction . 54
Figure 5 – Safety precautions for odorized gas-fuelled systems . 63
Figure 6 – Safety precautions for odorant-free gas fuelled systems . 64
Figure 7 – Safety precautions for liquid fuelled systems . 64

Table 1 – Allowable surface temperatures rises . 21
a, d, e
Table 2 – Leakage test requirements . 43
a, d
Table 3 – Ultimate strength test requirements . 45
Table 4 – Wind calibration . 52

Table A.1 – Hazardous situations and events . 67

62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E) – 5 –

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems –

Safety
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 62282-3-100 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:
Fuel cell technologies.
IEC 62282-3-100 cancels and replaces IEC 62282-3-1 published in 2007. IEC 62282-3-100
constitutes a technical revision.
IEC 62282-3-100 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to
IEC 62282-3-1:
a) general reorganization of the safety requirements;
b) major changes for addressing electrical safety requirements for internal components;
c) clarifications for numerous requirements and tests, particularly the pressure leakage and
strength tests;
d) expanded wind tests;
– 6 – 62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E)

e) additional tests for condensate discharge and ventilation leakage.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting
105/371/FDIS 105/384/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on

voting indicated in the above table.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A list of all the parts of the IEC 62282 series, under the general title Fuel cell technologies,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this standard may be issued at a later date.

62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E) – 7 –

INTRODUCTION
A typical stationary fuel cell power system is shown in Figure 1.

System boundary
Power inputs:
electrical, thermal,
mechanical
Recovered heat
Thermal
management
system
Waste heat
Fuel Fuel
processing
Fuel
Useable power
system
cell stack
electrical
or Power
module conditioning
system
Oxidant
Oxidant
processing
Water
system
treatment
Internal power
Discharge
system
needs
water
Ventilation
Ventilation Exhaust gases,
Inert Gas
system ventilation
Automatic Onboard
Water
control energy
system storage
EMI
EMD
Noise,
Vibration,
vibration
wind, rain,
temperature
etc.
Figure 1 – Stationary fuel cell power systems
The overall design of the power system anticipated by this standard forms an assembly of
integrated systems, as necessary, intended to perform designated functions, as follows.
– Fuel processing system – System of chemical and/or physical processing equipment
plus associated heat exchanges and controls required to prepare, and if necessary,
pressurize, the fuel for utilization within a fuel cell power system.
– Oxidant processing system – System that meters, conditions, processes and may
pressurize the incoming supply for use within the fuel cell power system.
– Thermal management system – System that provides heating or cooling and heat
rejection to maintain the fuel cell power system in the operating temperature range, and
may provide for the recovery of excess heat and assist in heating the power train during
start-up.
– Water treatment system – System that provides all the necessary purification treatment
of the recovered or added water for use within the fuel cell power system.
– Power conditioning system – Equipment that is used to adapt the electrical energy
produced by the fuel cell stack(s) to application requirements as specified by the
manufacturer.
– Automatic control system – System(s) that is composed of sensors, actuators, valves,
switches and logic components that maintain the fuel cell power system parameters within
the manufacturer’s specified limits including moving to safe states without manual
intervention.
– Ventilation system – System that provides air through forced or natural means to the fuel
cell power system’s enclosure.
– Fuel cell modules – Equipment assembly of one or more fuel cell stacks which
electrochemically converts chemical energy to electric energy and thermal energy
intended to be integrated into a power generation system.

– 8 – 62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E)

– Fuel cell stack – Equipment assembly of cells, separators, cooling plates, manifolds and

a support structure that electrochemically converts, typically, hydrogen rich gas and air

reactants to DC power, heat and other reactant bi-products.

– Onboard energy storage – System of internal electric energy storage devices intended to

aid or complement the fuel cell module in providing power to internal or external loads.

62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E) – 9 –

FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems –

Safety
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 applies to stationary packaged, self-contained fuel cell power systems
or fuel cell power systems comprised of factory matched packages of integrated systems
which generate electricity through electrochemical reactions.
This standard applies to systems
– intended for electrical connection to mains direct, or with a transfer switch, or to a stand-
alone power distribution system;
– intended to provide AC or DC power;
– with or without the ability to recover useful heat;
– intended for operation on the following input fuels
a) natural gas and other methane rich gases derived from renewable (biomass) or fossil
fuel sources, for example, landfill gas, digester gas, coal mine gas;
b) fuels derived from oil refining, for example, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, liquefied
petroleum gases such as propane and butane;
c) alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, Fischer-Tropsch liquids and other
suitable hydrogen-rich organic compounds derived from renewable (biomass) or fossil
fuel sources, for example, methanol, ethanol, di-methyl ether, biodiesel;
d) hydrogen, gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen gas, for example, synthesis gas,
town gas.
This standard does not cover:
– micro fuel cell power systems;
– portable fuel cell power systems;
– propulsion fuel cell power systems.
NOTE For special application such as “marine auxiliary power”, additional requirements may be given by the

relevant marine ship register standard.
This standard is applicable to stationary fuel cell power systems intended for indoor and
outdoor commercial, industrial and residential use in non-hazardous (unclassified) areas.
This standard contemplates all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, with the
exception of those associated with environmental compatibility (installation conditions),
relevant to fuel cell power systems, when they are used as intended and under the conditions
foreseen by the manufacturer.
This standard deals with conditions that can yield hazards on the one hand to persons, and on
the other to damage outside the fuel cell system only. Protection against damage to the fuel
cell system internals is not addressed in this standard, provided it does not lead to hazards
outside the fuel cell system.
The requirements of this standard are not intended to constrain innovation. When considering
fuels, materials, designs or constructions not specifically dealt with in this standard, these

– 10 – 62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E)

alternatives shall be evaluated as to their ability to yield levels of safety and performance

equivalent to those prescribed by this standard.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and

are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General requirements
IEC 60079-2, Explosive atmospheres – Part 2: Equipment protection by pressurized
enclosure «p»
IEC 60079-10 (all parts), Explosive atmospheres − Part 10: Classification of areas
IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance
requirements of detectors for flammable gases
IEC 60079-30-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 30-1: Electrical resistance trace heating –
General and testing requirements
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60335-1:2010, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60335-2-51, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-51: Particular
requirements for stationary circulation pumps for heating and service water installations
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Available from: symbols.info/equipment>
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60730-1, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60730-2-5, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-5:
Particular requirements for automatic electrical burner control systems
IEC 60730-2-6, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-6:
Particular requirements for automatic electrical pressure sensing controls including
mechanical requirements
IEC 60730-2-9, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-9:
Particular requirements for temperature sensing controls
IEC 60950-1, Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic
currents emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase)

62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E) – 11 –

IEC 61000-3-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-3: Limits – Limitation of voltage

changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment

with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection

IEC 61000-3-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-4: Limits – Limitation of

emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated

current greater than 16 A
IEC 61000-3-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-5: Limits – Limitation of voltage

fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated current

greater than 75 A
IEC 61000-3-11, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-11: Limits – Limitation of
voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems –
Equipment with rated current ≤75 A and subject to conditional connection
IEC 61000-6-1, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-1: Generic standards –
Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards –
Immunity for industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-3: Generic standards –
Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic standards –
Emission standard for industrial environments
IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
safety-related systems
IEC 62040-1, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 1: General and safety requirements
for UPS
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
IEC/TS 62282-1, Fuel cell technologies – Part 1: Terminology
IEC 62282-3-200, Fuel cell technologies – Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cell power systems –

Performance test methods
ISO 3864-2, Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Part 2: Design principles
for product safety labels
ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power – General rules and safety requirements for systems and
their components
ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power – General rules and safety requirements for systems and
their components
ISO 5388, Stationary air compressors – Safety rules and code of practice
ISO 7000, Graphic symbols for use on equipment – Index and synopsis. Available from:
http://www.graphical-symbols.info/equipment.

– 12 – 62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E)

ISO 10439, Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries – Centrifugal compressors

ISO 10440-1, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Rotary-type positive-

displacement compressors – Part 1: Process compressors

ISO 10440-2, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Rotary-type positive-displacement

compressors – Part 2: Packaged air compressors (oil-free)

ISO 10442, Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries – Packaged, integrally geared

centrifugal air compressors
ISO 12499, Industrial fans – Mechanical safety of fans – Guarding
ISO 13631, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Packaged reciprocating gas compressors
ISO 13707, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Reciprocating compressors
ISO 13709, Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery – Safety related parts of control systems – Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery – Emergency stop – Principles for design
ISO 14847, Rotary positive displacement pumps – Technical requirements
ISO 15649, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Piping
ISO 16111, Transportable gas storage devices – Hydrogen absorbed in reversible metal
hydride
ISO 23550, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances – General
requirements
ISO 23551-1, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances –
Particular requirements – Part 1: Automatic valves
ISO 23553-1, Safety and control devices for oil burners and oil-burning appliances –
Particular requirements – Part 1: Shut-off devices for oil burners

ISO 26142, Hydrogen detection apparatus – Stationary applications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accessible
area to which, under normal operating conditions, one of the following applies:
a) access can be gained without the use of a tool;
b) the means of access is deliberately provided to the end user;
c) the end user is instructed to enter regardless of whether or not a tool is needed to gain
access
62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E) – 13 –

Note 1 to entry: The terms "access" and "accessible", unless qualified, relate to end user access area as defined

above.
Note 2 to entry: Only service technicians are allowed into non-accessible areas. Service personnel that are

allowed access into non-accessible areas may need to have proper personal protective equipment as noted in the

maintenance manual.
3.2
anode exhaust catalytic reactor

catalyst reactor which oxidizes hydrogen-rich gas used for hydrogen fuel cell power systems

3.3
automatic burner control system

system which monitors the operation of fuel burners. It includes a programming unit, a
flame/oxidation detector and may include an ignition source and/or ignition device
3.4
burner port
any opening in a burner head through which gas or gas-air mixture is discharged for ignition
3.5
combustible materials
item capable of combustion
Note 1 to entry: Such materials shall be considered combustible even though flame-proofed, fire-retardant
treated, or plastered
Note 2 to entry: When pertaining to materials adjacent to, or in contact with, heat-producing appliances, vent
connectors, flue gas vents, steam and hot water pipes, and warm air ducts, those materials made of or surfaced
with wood, compressed paper, plant fibres, or other materials that are capable of being ignited and burned.
3.6
design pressure
highest pressure that may occur under any and all operating modes, including steady state
and transient
3.7
effluent
products of combustion plus the excess air being discharged from gas utilization equipment
3.8
electromagnetic disturbance
EMD
any electromagnetic phenomenon that may degrade the performance of a device, equipment

or system, or adversely affect living or inert matter
3.9
electromagnetic interference
EMI
degradation of the performance of an equipment, transmission channel or system caused by
an electromagnetic disturbance
3.10
electrical equipment
general term including material, fittings, devices appliances, fixtures, apparatus and the like
used as part of, or in connection with, and electrical installation
3.11
emergency shutdown
safety shutdown
control system actions, based on process parameters, taken to stop the fuel cell power

– 14 – 62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E)

system and all its reactions immediately to avoid equipment damage and/or personnel

hazards
3.12
fuel cell
electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electrical

energy (DC power), heat and other reaction products

3.13
fuel cell power system
generator system that uses a fuel cell module(s) to generate electric power and heat

3.14
fuel compartment
cabinet compartments with internal sources of flammable gas/vapour release
3.15
flue gas vent
passageway, for conveying vent gas from gas utilization equipment or their vent connectors to
the outside atmosphere (see also 3.33)
3.16
heat exchanger
vessel in which heat is transferred from one medium to another
3.17
igniter
device which utilizes electrical energy to ignite gas at a pilot burner or main burner
3.18
ignition device
device mounted on or adjacent to a burner for igniting fuel at the burner
EXAMPLE Pilot burners, spark electrodes and hot surface igniters.
3.19
ignition system timings
3.19.1
flame-establishing period
period of time between the signal to energize the fuel flow means and the signal indicating

presence of the burner flame
Note 1 to entry: This may be applicable to proof of the ignition source or main burner flame, or both.
3.19.2
ignition activation period
period of time between energizing the main gas valve and deactivation of the ignition means
prior to the lock-out time
3.19.3
start-up lock-out time
period of time between the initiation of gas flow and the action to shut off the gas flow in the
event of failure to establish proof of the supervised ignition source or the supervised main
burner flame. Re-initiating the lighting sequence requires a manual operation

62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E) – 15 –

3.19.4
purge time
period of time intended to allow for the dissipation of any unburned gas or residual products of

combustion
3.19.4.1
pre-purge time
purge time which occurs at the beginning of a burner operating cycle prior to initiating ignition

3.19.4.2
post-purge time
purge time which occurs at the end of a burner operating cycle
3.19.5
recycle time
period of time between the signal to de-energize the gas supply following loss of the
supervised ignition source or the supervised flame and the signal to begin a new start-up
procedure
3.20
interlock
control to prove the physical state of a required condition and to furnish that proof to the
safety related control device which performs the safety shutdown
3.21
lock-out time
period of time between the signal indicating absence of flame and the action to shut off the
fuel supply
3.22
main burner
device or group of devices essentially forming an integral unit for the final conveyance of gas
or a mixture of gas and air to the combustion zone, and on which combustion takes place to
accomplish the function for which the equipment is designed
3.23
manifold
conduit(s) which supplies fluid to or collects it from the fuel cell or the fuel cell stack
3.24
permissive
condition within a logic sequence that must be satisfied before the sequence is allowed to

proceed to the next phase
3.25
pilot
small gas flame used to ignite the gas at the main burner
3.25.1
continuous pilot
pilot that burns without turning off throughout the entire time the burner is in service, whether
the main burner is firing or not
3.25.2
intermittent pilot
pilot which is automatically lit each time there is a signal for initialization and burns during the
entire period that the main burner is firing

– 16 – 62282-3-100 © IEC:2012(E)

3.25.3
interrupted pilot
pilot which is automatically lit each time there is a signal for initialization. The pilot fuel is cut

off automatically at the end of the main burner flame-establishing period

3.25.4
proved pilot
pilot flame supervised by a primary safety control

3.26
purge
Protective operation to remove gases and/or liquids, such as fuel, hydrogen, air or water, from
a fuel cell power system
3.27
reformer
reactor to produce a hydrogen rich gas mixture from a raw fuel
3.28
specific gravity
ratio of the weight or mass of a given volume of a substance to that of an equal volume of
another substance (air for gases, water for liquids and solids) used as a standard, both
measured under the same conditions
3.29
state
3.29.1
cold state
state of a fuel cell power system at ambient temperature with no power input or output
3.29.2
operational state
state of a fuel cell power system with substantial electrical active output power available
3.29.3
passive state
state of the fuel cell power system when the fuel and oxidant systems have been purged with
steam, air or nitrogen or per manufacturer’s instructions

3.29.4
standby state
state of a fuel cell power system being at sufficient operating temperature and in such an
operational mode, with zero electrical output power that the fuel cell power system is capable
of being promptly switched to an operational state with substantial electrical active output
power
3.29.5
storage state
state of a fuel cell power system being non-operational and possibly requiring, under
conditions specified by the manufacturer, the input of thermal and/or electric energy and/or an
inert atmosphere in order to prevent deterioration of the components

----------------------
...

IEC 62282-3-100 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Safety

Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 3-100: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires –
Sécurité
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IEC 62282-3-100 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems – Safety

Technologies des piles à combustible –

Partie 3-100: Systèmes à piles à combustible stationnaires –

Sécurité
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-1972-0

– 2 – IEC 62282-3-100:2012 © IEC 2012

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5

INTRODUCTION . 7

1 Scope . 9

2 Normative references . 10

3 Terms and definitions . 12

4 Safety requirements and protective measures . 17

4.1 General safety strategy . 17

4.2 Physical environment and operating conditions . 18
4.2.1 General . 18
4.2.2 Electrical power input . 18
4.2.3 Physical environment . 18
4.2.4 Fuel input . 18
4.2.5 Water input . 18
4.2.6 Vibration, shock and bump . 19
4.2.7 Handling, transportation, and storage . 19
4.2.8 System purging . 19
4.3 Selection of materials . 19
4.4 General requirements . 20
4.5 Pressure equipment and piping . 22
4.5.1 Pressure equipment. 22
4.5.2 Piping systems . 22
4.5.3 Flue gas venting . 23
4.5.4 Gas-conveying parts . 24
4.6 Protection against fire or explosion hazards . 24
4.6.1 Prevention against fire and explosion hazards in fuel cell power
systems provided with cabinets . 24
4.6.2 Prevention of fire and explosion hazards in burners . 26
4.6.3 Prevention of fire and explosion hazards in catalytic fuel oxidation
systems (catalytic burners) . 28
4.7 Electrical safety . 29
4.8 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) . 29
4.9 Control systems and protective components . 29
4.9.1 General requirements . 29

4.9.2 Control systems . 29
4.9.3 Protective components . 32
4.10 Pneumatic and hydraulic powered equipment . 33
4.11 Valves . 33
4.11.1 Shut-off valves . 33
4.11.2 Fuel valves . 33
4.12 Rotating equipment . 34
4.12.1 General requirements . 34
4.12.2 Compressors . 34
4.12.3 Pumps . 34
4.13 Cabinets . 35
4.14 Thermal insulating materials . 35
4.15 Utilities . 36
4.15.1 General requirements . 36

4.15.2 Water supply . 36

4.15.3 Fuel gas supply . 36

4.15.4 Electrical connections . 36

4.16 Installation and maintenance . 38

4.16.1 Installation . 38

4.16.2 Maintenance . 38

5 Type tests . 38

5.1 General requirements . 38

5.1.1 Operating parameters for tests . 39

5.2 Test fuels . 40
5.3 Basic test arrangements . 41
5.4 Leakage tests . 41
5.4.1 General . 41
5.4.2 Pneumatic leakage tests . 41
5.4.3 Hydrostatic leakage tests. 43
5.5 Strength tests . 44
5.5.1 General . 44
5.5.2 Pneumatic strength tests . 44
5.5.3 Hydrostatic strength test . 45
5.6 Normal operation type test . 46
5.7 Electrical overload test . 46
5.8 Shutdown parameters. 46
5.9 Burner operating characteristics tests . 46
5.9.1 General . 46
5.9.2 General testing . 46
5.9.3 Limit testing . 47
5.10 Automatic control of burners and catalytic oxidation reactors. 47
5.10.1 General . 47
5.10.2 Automatic ignition control burners . 47
5.10.3 Automated control of catalytic oxidation reactors . 50
5.11 Exhaust gas temperature test . 50
5.12 Surface and component temperatures . 50
5.13 Wind tests . 51
5.13.1 General . 51
5.13.2 Wind source calibration procedure for winds directed perpendicular

to the wall . 51
5.13.3 Verification of operation of outdoor fuel cell power systems under
wind conditions . 52
5.13.4 Verification of operation of indoor fuel cell power systems vented
horizontally through an outside wall . 53
5.13.5 Carbon monoxide (CO) and flammable gas components emissions
under wind – Indoor units . 55
5.13.6 Carbon monoxide (CO) and flammable gas components emissions
under wind – Outdoor units . 55
5.14 Rain test. 56
5.15 Emissions . 56
5.15.1 General . 56
5.15.2 Carbon monoxide (CO) and flammable gas emissions . 56
5.15.3 Normal conditions . 57
5.16 Blocked condensate line test . 57

– 4 – IEC 62282-3-100:2012 © IEC 2012

5.17 Condensate discharge test . 57

5.18 Electrical safety tests . 58

5.19 EMC test . 58

5.20 Vent system leakage test . 58

5.21 Leakage tests (repeat) . 59

6 Routine tests . 59

7 Marking, labelling and packaging . 60

7.1 General requirements . 60

7.2 Fuel cell power system marking . 60

7.3 Marking of components . 61
7.4 Technical documentation . 61
7.4.1 General . 61
7.4.2 Installation manual . 61
7.4.3 User’s information manual . 62
7.4.4 Operating manual . 65
7.4.5 Maintenance manual . 66
Annex A (informative) Significant hazards, hazardous situations and events dealt with
in this standard . 67
Annex B (informative) Carburization and material compatibility for hydrogen service . 69
Bibliography . 75

Figure 1 – Stationary fuel cell power systems . 7
Figure 2 – Test wall with static pressure ports and vent terminal locations . 52
Figure 3 – Vent test wall . 53
Figure 4 – Piezo ring and details of typical construction . 54
Figure 5 – Safety precautions for odorized gas-fuelled systems . 63
Figure 6 – Safety precautions for odorant-free gas fuelled systems . 64
Figure 7 – Safety precautions for liquid fuelled systems . 64

Table 1 – Allowable surface temperatures rises . 21
a, d, e
Table 2 – Leakage test requirements . 43
a, d
Table 3 – Ultimate strength test requirements . 45
Table 4 – Wind calibration . 52

Table A.1 – Hazardous situations and events . 67

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems –

Safety
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

International Standard IEC 62282-3-100 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105:
Fuel cell technologies.
This bilingual version (2015-01) corresponds to the English version, published in 2012-02.
IEC 62282-3-100 cancels and replaces IEC 62282-3-1 published in 2007. IEC 62282-3-100
constitutes a technical revision.
IEC 62282-3-100 includes the following significant technical changes with respect to
IEC 62282-3-1:
a) general reorganization of the safety requirements;
b) major changes for addressing electrical safety requirements for internal components;
c) clarifications for numerous requirements and tests, particularly the pressure leakage and
strength tests;
– 6 – IEC 62282-3-100:2012 © IEC 2012

d) expanded wind tests;
e) additional tests for condensate discharge and ventilation leakage.

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting
105/371/FDIS 105/384/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on

voting indicated in the above table.

The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts of the IEC 62282 series, under the general title Fuel cell technologies,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
A typical stationary fuel cell power system is shown in Figure 1.

System boundary
Power inputs:
electrical, thermal,
mechanical
Recovered heat
Thermal
management
system
Waste heat
Fuel Fuel
processing
Fuel
Useable power
system
cell stack
electrical
or Power
module conditioning
system
Oxidant
Oxidant
processing
Water
system
treatment
Internal power
Discharge
system
needs
water
Ventilation
Ventilation Exhaust gases,
Inert Gas
system ventilation
Automatic Onboard
Water
control energy
system storage
EMI
EMD
Noise,
Vibration,
vibration
wind, rain,
temperature
etc.
Figure 1 – Stationary fuel cell power systems
The overall design of the power system anticipated by this standard forms an assembly of
integrated systems, as necessary, intended to perform designated functions, as follows.
– Fuel processing system – System of chemical and/or physical processing equipment
plus associated heat exchanges and controls required to prepare, and if necessary,
pressurize, the fuel for utilization within a fuel cell power system.
– Oxidant processing system – System that meters, conditions, processes and may
pressurize the incoming supply for use within the fuel cell power system.
– Thermal management system – System that provides heating or cooling and heat
rejection to maintain the fuel cell power system in the operating temperature range, and
may provide for the recovery of excess heat and assist in heating the power train during
start-up.
– Water treatment system – System that provides all the necessary purification treatment
of the recovered or added water for use within the fuel cell power system.
– Power conditioning system – Equipment that is used to adapt the electrical energy
produced by the fuel cell stack(s) to application requirements as specified by the
manufacturer.
– Automatic control system – System(s) that is composed of sensors, actuators, valves,
switches and logic components that maintain the fuel cell power system parameters within
the manufacturer’s specified limits including moving to safe states without manual
intervention.
– Ventilation system – System that provides air through forced or natural means to the fuel
cell power system’s enclosure.
– Fuel cell modules – Equipment assembly of one or more fuel cell stacks which
electrochemically converts chemical energy to electric energy and thermal energy
intended to be integrated into a power generation system.

– 8 – IEC 62282-3-100:2012 © IEC 2012

– Fuel cell stack – Equipment assembly of cells, separators, cooling plates, manifolds and

a support structure that electrochemically converts, typically, hydrogen rich gas and air

reactants to DC power, heat and other reactant bi-products.

– Onboard energy storage – System of internal electric energy storage devices intended to

aid or complement the fuel cell module in providing power to internal or external loads.

FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 3-100: Stationary fuel cell power systems –

Safety
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 applies to stationary packaged, self-contained fuel cell power systems
or fuel cell power systems comprised of factory matched packages of integrated systems
which generate electricity through electrochemical reactions.
This standard applies to systems
– intended for electrical connection to mains direct, or with a transfer switch, or to a stand-
alone power distribution system;
– intended to provide AC or DC power;
– with or without the ability to recover useful heat;
– intended for operation on the following input fuels
a) natural gas and other methane rich gases derived from renewable (biomass) or fossil
fuel sources, for example, landfill gas, digester gas, coal mine gas;
b) fuels derived from oil refining, for example, diesel, gasoline, kerosene, liquefied
petroleum gases such as propane and butane;
c) alcohols, esters, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, Fischer-Tropsch liquids and other
suitable hydrogen-rich organic compounds derived from renewable (biomass) or fossil
fuel sources, for example, methanol, ethanol, di-methyl ether, biodiesel;
d) hydrogen, gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen gas, for example, synthesis gas,
town gas.
This standard does not cover:
– micro fuel cell power systems;
– portable fuel cell power systems;
– propulsion fuel cell power systems.
NOTE For special application such as “marine auxiliary power”, additional requirements may be given by the

relevant marine ship register standard.
This standard is applicable to stationary fuel cell power systems intended for indoor and
outdoor commercial, industrial and residential use in non-hazardous (unclassified) areas.
This standard contemplates all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, with the
exception of those associated with environmental compatibility (installation conditions),
relevant to fuel cell power systems, when they are used as intended and under the conditions
foreseen by the manufacturer.
This standard deals with conditions that can yield hazards on the one hand to persons, and on
the other to damage outside the fuel cell system only. Protection against damage to the fuel
cell system internals is not addressed in this standard, provided it does not lead to hazards
outside the fuel cell system.
The requirements of this standard are not intended to constrain innovation. When considering
fuels, materials, designs or constructions not specifically dealt with in this standard, these

– 10 – IEC 62282-3-100:2012 © IEC 2012

alternatives shall be evaluated as to their ability to yield levels of safety and performance

equivalent to those prescribed by this standard.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and

are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60079-0, Explosive atmospheres – Part 0: Equipment – General requirements
IEC 60079-2, Explosive atmospheres – Part 2: Equipment protection by pressurized
enclosure «p»
IEC 60079-10 (all parts), Explosive atmospheres − Part 10: Classification of areas
IEC 60079-29-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 29-1: Gas detectors – Performance
requirements of detectors for flammable gases
IEC 60079-30-1, Explosive atmospheres – Part 30-1: Electrical resistance trace heating –
General and testing requirements
IEC 60204-1, Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60335-1:2010, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60335-2-51, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-51: Particular
requirements for stationary circulation pumps for heating and service water installations
IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment. Available from: symbols.info/equipment>
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60730-1, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 1: General
requirements
IEC 60730-2-5, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-5:
Particular requirements for automatic electrical burner control systems
IEC 60730-2-6, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-6:
Particular requirements for automatic electrical pressure sensing controls including
mechanical requirements
IEC 60730-2-9, Automatic electrical controls for household and similar use – Part 2-9:
Particular requirements for temperature sensing controls
IEC 60950-1, Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61000-3-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic
currents emissions (equipment input current ≤16 A per phase)

IEC 61000-3-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-3: Limits – Limitation of voltage

changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems, for equipment

with rated current ≤16 A per phase and not subject to conditional connection

IEC 61000-3-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-4: Limits – Limitation of

emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated

current greater than 16 A
IEC/TS 61000-3-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-5: Limits – Limitation of

voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated

current greater than 75 A
IEC 61000-3-11, Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-11: Limits – Limitation of
voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker in public low-voltage supply systems –
Equipment with rated current ≤75 A and subject to conditional connection
IEC 61000-6-1, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-1: Generic standards –
Immunity for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic standards –
Immunity for industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-3: Generic standards –
Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments
IEC 61000-6-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic standards –
Emission standard for industrial environments
IEC 61508 (all parts), Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic
safety-related systems
IEC 62040-1, Uninterruptible power systems (UPS) – Part 1: General and safety requirements
for UPS
IEC 62061, Safety of machinery – Functional safety of safety-related electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic control systems
IEC/TS 62282-1, Fuel cell technologies – Part 1: Terminology
IEC 62282-3-200, Fuel cell technologies – Part 3-200: Stationary fuel cell power systems –

Performance test methods
ISO 3864-2, Graphical symbols – Safety colours and safety signs – Part 2: Design principles
for product safety labels
ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power – General rules and safety requirements for systems and
their components
ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power – General rules and safety requirements for systems and
their components
ISO 5388, Stationary air compressors – Safety rules and code of practice
ISO 7000, Graphic symbols for use on equipment – Index and synopsis. Available from:
http://www.graphical-symbols.info/equipment.

– 12 – IEC 62282-3-100:2012 © IEC 2012

ISO 10439, Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries – Centrifugal compressors

ISO 10440-1, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries – Rotary-type positive-

displacement compressors – Part 1: Process compressors

ISO 10440-2, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Rotary-type positive-displacement

compressors – Part 2: Packaged air compressors (oil-free)

ISO 10442, Petroleum, chemical and gas service industries – Packaged, integrally geared

centrifugal air compressors
ISO 12499, Industrial fans – Mechanical safety of fans – Guarding
ISO 13631, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Packaged reciprocating gas compressors
ISO 13707, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Reciprocating compressors
ISO 13709, Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery – Safety related parts of control systems – Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 13850, Safety of machinery – Emergency stop – Principles for design
ISO 14847, Rotary positive displacement pumps – Technical requirements
ISO 15649, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Piping
ISO 16111, Transportable gas storage devices – Hydrogen absorbed in reversible metal
hydride
ISO 23550, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances – General
requirements
ISO 23551-1, Safety and control devices for gas burners and gas-burning appliances –
Particular requirements – Part 1: Automatic valves
ISO 23553-1, Safety and control devices for oil burners and oil-burning appliances –
Particular requirements – Part 1: Shut-off devices for oil burners

ISO 26142, Hydrogen detection apparatus – Stationary applications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accessible
area to which, under normal operating conditions, one of the following applies:
a) access can be gained without the use of a tool;
b) the means of access is deliberately provided to the end user;
c) the end user is instructed to enter regardless of whether or not a tool is needed to gain
access
Note 1 to entry: The terms "access" and "accessible", unless qualified, relate to end user access area as defined

above.
Note 2 to entry: Only service technicians are allowed into non-accessible areas. Service personnel that are

allowed access into non-accessible areas may need to have proper personal protective equipment as noted in the

maintenance manual.
3.2
anode exhaust catalytic reactor

catalyst reactor which oxidizes hydrogen-rich gas used for hydrogen fuel cell power systems

3.3
automatic burner control system

system which monitors the operation of fuel burners. It includes a programming unit, a
flame/oxidation detector and may include an ignition source and/or ignition device
3.4
burner port
any opening in a burner head through which gas or gas-air mixture is discharged for ignition
3.5
combustible materials
item capable of combustion
Note 1 to entry: Such materials shall be considered combustible even though flame-proofed, fire-retardant
treated, or plastered
Note 2 to entry: When pertaining to materials adjacent to, or in contact with, heat-producing appliances, vent
connectors, flue gas vents, steam and hot water pipes, and warm air ducts, those materials made of or surfaced
with wood, compressed paper, plant fibres, or other materials that are capable of being ignited and burned.
3.6
design pressure
highest pressure that may occur under any and all operating modes, including steady state
and transient
3.7
effluent
products of combustion plus the excess air being discharged from gas utilization equipment
3.8
electromagnetic disturbance
EMD
any electromagnetic phenomenon that may degrade the performance of a device, equipment

or system, or adversely affect living or inert matter
3.9
electromagnetic interference
EMI
degradation of the performance of an equipment, transmission channel or system caused by
an electromagnetic disturbance
3.10
electrical equipment
general term including material, fittings, devices appliances, fixtures, apparatus and the like
used as part of, or in connection with, and electrical installation
3.11
emergency shutdown
safety shutdown
control system actions, based on process parameters, taken to stop the fuel cell power

– 14 – IEC 62282-3-100:2012 © IEC 2012

system and all its reactions immediately to avoid equipment damage and/or personnel

hazards
3.12
fuel cell
electrochemical device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant to electrical

energy (DC power), heat and other reaction products

3.13
fuel cell power system
generator system that uses a fuel cell module(s) to generate electric power and heat

3.14
fuel compartment
cabinet compartments with internal sources of flammable gas/vapour release
3.15
flue gas vent
passageway, for conveying vent gas from gas utilization equipment or their vent connectors to
the outside atmosphere (see also 3.33)
3.16
heat exchanger
vessel in which heat is transferred from one medium to another
3.17
igniter
device which utilizes electrical energy to ignite gas at a pilot burner or main burner
3.18
ignition device
device mounted on or adjacent to a burner for igniting fuel at the burner
EXAMPLE Pilot burners, spark electrodes and hot surface igniters.
3.19
ignition system timings
3.19.1
flame-establishing period
period of time between the signal to energize the fuel flow means and the signal indicating

presence of the burner flame
Note 1 to entry: This may be applicable to proof of the ignition source or main burner flame, or both.
3.19.2
ignition activation period
period of time between energizing the main gas valve and deactivation of the ignition means
prior to the lock-out time
3.19.3
start-up lock-out time
period of time between the initiation of gas flow and the action to shut off the gas flow in the
event of failure to establish proof of the supervised ignition source or the supervised main
burner flame. Re-initiating the li
...