IEC TR 61292-1:2009
(Main)Optical amplifiers - Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
Optical amplifiers - Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
IEC/TR 61292-1:2009(E) is a technical report, and applies to optical components of rare-earth doped fibre amplifiers. It provides information about the most relevant parameters of optical components especially for erbium doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It is a technical revision with updates reflecting new technology.
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IEC/TR 61292-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2009-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Optical amplifiers –
Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
IEC/TR 61292-1:2009(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.
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CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
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in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
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IEC/TR 61292-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2009-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Optical amplifiers –
Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
R
ICS 33.160.10; 33.180.30 ISBN 978-2-88910-480-2
– 2 – TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
1 Scope and object .5
2 Normative references.5
3 Abbreviations.5
4 OFA components .6
5 Terms and definitions .6
5.1 Active fibre .6
5.2 Pump laser .8
5.3 WDM coupler.11
5.4 Optical isolator .12
5.5 ASE rejection filter.13
5.6 Pump rejection filter.13
5.7 Gain flattening filter (GFF) .14
5.8 Tap coupler .15
5.9 PIN-photodiode (PIN-PD).16
5.10 Variable optical attenuator (VOA).17
5.11 Optical connectors.18
Bibliography .19
Figure 1 – Example of the components inside an EDFA operating in a co-propagating
pumping scheme.6
TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS –
Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 61292-1, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic
systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It is a technical
revision with updates reflecting new technology.
– 4 – TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E)
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
86C/853/DTR 86C/871/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61292 series, published under the general title Optical amplifiers,
can be found on the IEC website.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this technical report may be published later.
TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 5 –
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS –
Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 61292, which is a technical report, applies to optical components of rare-earth
doped fibre amplifiers. It provides information about the most relevant parameters of optical
components especially for erbium doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs).
The object of this technical report is to provide introductory information for a better
understanding of EDFA operation and applications.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC/TR 61931, Fibre optic – Terminology
ITU-T Recommendation G. 650.1, Definition and test methods for linear, deterministic
attributes of single-mode fibre and cable
NOTE A list of informative references is given in the Bibliography.
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
ASE amplified spontaneous emission
EDFA erbium-doped fibre amplifier
EDF erbium-doped fibre
OFA optical fibre amplifier
OA optical amplifier
RMS(r.m.s) root mean square
LD laser diode
TEC thermo-electric cooler
FBG fibre Bragg grating
FWHM full-width at half maximum
WDM wavelength division multiplexing
GFF gain flattening filter
PIN-PD PIN-photodiode
VOA variable optical attenuator
EDF erbium doped fibre
PDL polarization dependent loss (variation)
PMD polarization mode dispersion
MTBF mean time between failure
– 6 – TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E)
FIT failure in time
4 OFA components
The parameters relevant for a satisfactory understanding of OFA operation are covered by the
following optical component definitions:
– active fibre;
– pump laser;
– wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) coupler;
– optical isolator;
– amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) rejection filter;
– pump rejection filter;
– gain flattening filter (GFF);
– tap coupler;
– PIN-photodiode (PIN-PD);
– variable optical attenuator (VOA);
– optical connectors.
Figure 1 provides an example of the component layout for an OFA.
WDM coupler Active fibre
(Input)
Optical
connector
λ λ λ
(Output)
ASE rejection Pump rejection Gain flattening
Optical
Pump laser
filter* filter* filter*
connector
Tap coupler
dB
Optical Variable
PIN-PD*
isolator* optical
attenuator*
*Optional components (can be placed elsewhere)
IEC 660/09
Figure 1 – Example of the components inside an EDFA operating
in a co-propagating pumping scheme
5 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
5.1 Active fibre
The active fibre is used as gain media in OFA. Rare earth ion is generally doped in the core
3+
region of fibre to produce signal amplification, an Er ion is applied for 1550-nm band OFA
such as an erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA). Erbium doped fibre (EDF) absorbs light with a
TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 7 –
wavelength of 980 nm or 1 480 nm for pumping, and emits infrared light with a wavelength in
the 1 550-nm region. Optical amplification is realized utilizing stimulated emission of 1 530-nm
luminescence.
5.1.1
active fibre maximum input signal power
optical power level associated with the input signal above which the active fibre gets damaged,
causing impossibility of normal operation
5.1.2
active fibre insertion loss at out-of-band wavelength
active fibre insertion loss for a signal at out-of-band wavelength
5.1.3
active fibre polarization-dependent gain variation
maximum fibre gain variation due to variation of the state of polarization of the input signal
5.1.4
active fibre PMD
maximum PMD at the signal wavelength which is launched into the input port of the active fibre
and exits from signal output port of the active fibre, expressed in ps (pico second)
NOTE 1 When an optical signal travels through an optical fibre, optical component
...
IEC/TR 61292-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2009-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Optical amplifiers –
Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
IEC/TR 61292-1:2009(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de la CEI ou du Comité national de la CEI du pays du demandeur.
Si vous avez des questions sur le copyright de la CEI ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette
publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.
IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
ƒ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
ƒ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
ƒ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service
Centre FAQ or contact us:
Email: csc@iec.ch
Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
Fax: +41 22 919 03 00
IEC/TR 61292-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2009-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
Optical amplifiers –
Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
R
ICS 33.160.10; 33.180.30 ISBN 978-2-88910-480-2
– 2 – TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3
1 Scope and object .5
2 Normative references.5
3 Abbreviations.5
4 OFA components .6
5 Terms and definitions .6
5.1 Active fibre .6
5.2 Pump laser .8
5.3 WDM coupler.11
5.4 Optical isolator .12
5.5 ASE rejection filter.13
5.6 Pump rejection filter.13
5.7 Gain flattening filter (GFF) .14
5.8 Tap coupler .15
5.9 PIN-photodiode (PIN-PD).16
5.10 Variable optical attenuator (VOA).17
5.11 Optical connectors.18
Bibliography .19
Figure 1 – Example of the components inside an EDFA operating in a co-propagating
pumping scheme.6
TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS –
Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 61292-1, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 86C: Fibre optic
systems and active devices, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It is a technical
revision with updates reflecting new technology.
– 4 – TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E)
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
86C/853/DTR 86C/871/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report
on voting indicated in the above table.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61292 series, published under the general title Optical amplifiers,
can be found on the IEC website.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this technical report may be published later.
TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 5 –
OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS –
Part 1: Parameters of amplifier components
1 Scope and object
This part of IEC 61292, which is a technical report, applies to optical components of rare-earth
doped fibre amplifiers. It provides information about the most relevant parameters of optical
components especially for erbium doped fibre amplifiers (EDFAs).
The object of this technical report is to provide introductory information for a better
understanding of EDFA operation and applications.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC/TR 61931, Fibre optic – Terminology
ITU-T Recommendation G. 650.1, Definition and test methods for linear, deterministic
attributes of single-mode fibre and cable
NOTE A list of informative references is given in the Bibliography.
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations apply.
ASE amplified spontaneous emission
EDFA erbium-doped fibre amplifier
EDF erbium-doped fibre
OFA optical fibre amplifier
OA optical amplifier
RMS(r.m.s) root mean square
LD laser diode
TEC thermo-electric cooler
FBG fibre Bragg grating
FWHM full-width at half maximum
WDM wavelength division multiplexing
GFF gain flattening filter
PIN-PD PIN-photodiode
VOA variable optical attenuator
EDF erbium doped fibre
PDL polarization dependent loss (variation)
PMD polarization mode dispersion
MTBF mean time between failure
– 6 – TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E)
FIT failure in time
4 OFA components
The parameters relevant for a satisfactory understanding of OFA operation are covered by the
following optical component definitions:
– active fibre;
– pump laser;
– wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) coupler;
– optical isolator;
– amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) rejection filter;
– pump rejection filter;
– gain flattening filter (GFF);
– tap coupler;
– PIN-photodiode (PIN-PD);
– variable optical attenuator (VOA);
– optical connectors.
Figure 1 provides an example of the component layout for an OFA.
WDM coupler Active fibre
(Input)
Optical
connector
λ λ λ
(Output)
ASE rejection Pump rejection Gain flattening
Optical
Pump laser
filter* filter* filter*
connector
Tap coupler
dB
Optical Variable
PIN-PD*
isolator* optical
attenuator*
*Optional components (can be placed elsewhere)
IEC 660/09
Figure 1 – Example of the components inside an EDFA operating
in a co-propagating pumping scheme
5 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
5.1 Active fibre
The active fibre is used as gain media in OFA. Rare earth ion is generally doped in the core
3+
region of fibre to produce signal amplification, an Er ion is applied for 1550-nm band OFA
such as an erbium doped fibre amplifier (EDFA). Erbium doped fibre (EDF) absorbs light with a
TR 61292-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 7 –
wavelength of 980 nm or 1 480 nm for pumping, and emits infrared light with a wavelength in
the 1 550-nm region. Optical amplification is realized utilizing stimulated emission of 1 530-nm
luminescence.
5.1.1
active fibre maximum input signal power
optical power level associated with the input signal above which the active fibre gets damaged,
causing impossibility of normal operation
5.1.2
active fibre insertion loss at out-of-band wavelength
active fibre insertion loss for a signal at out-of-band wavelength
5.1.3
active fibre polarization-dependent gain variation
maximum fibre gain variation due to variation of the state of polarization of the input signal
5.1.4
active fibre PMD
maximum PMD at the signal wavelen
...
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