IEC 60728-1-1:2010
(Main)Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services - Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
IEC 60728-1-1:2010 provides the requirements and describes the implementation guidelines of RF cabling for two-way home networks; it is applicable to any home network that distributes signals provided by CATV/MATV/SMATV cable networks (including individual receiving systems) having a coaxial cable output. It is also applicable to home networks where some part of the distribution network uses wireless links, for example in place of the receiver cord. It is therefore applicable to RF cabling for two-way home networks with wired cords or wireless links inside a room and primarily intended for television and sound signals operating between about 5 MHz and 3 000 MHz. The frequency range is extended to 6 000 MHz for distribution techniques that replace wired cords with a wireless two-way communication inside a room (or a small number of adjacent rooms) that uses the 5 GHz to 6 GHz band. It gives references to basic methods of measurement of the operational characteristics of the home cable network in order to assess its performance. This bilingual version (2013-05) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in 2010-01.
Réseaux de distribution par câbles destinés aux signaux de télévision, signaux de radiodiffusion sonore et aux services interactifs - Partie 1-1: Câblage RF pour réseaux domestiques bidirectionnels
La CEI 60728-1-1:2010 donne les exigences et décrit les lignes directrices pour la mise en oeuvre de câblages RF pour réseaux domestiques bidirectionnels. Elle s'applique à tout réseau domestique assurant la distribution de signaux fournis par des réseaux de distribution par câbles, à savoir les antennes communautaires, collectives pour la télévision et collectives pour la télévision par satellite (y compris les systèmes de réception individuels) comportant une sortie à câble coaxial. Elle s'applique également aux réseaux domestiques dans lesquels une partie du réseau de distribution utilise des liaisons sans fil, en lieu et place, par exemple, du cordon de raccordement. Elle s'applique donc aux câblages RF destinés aux réseaux domestiques bidirectionnels utilisant des cordons à fil ou des liaisons sans fil à l'intérieur d'une pièce et essentiellement destinés aux signaux de télévision et de radiodiffusion sonore utilisés approximativement entre 5 MHz et 3 000 MHz. La bande de fréquences est étendue à 6 000 MHz pour des techniques de distribution où les cordons à fil sont remplacés par une communication bidirectionnelle sans fil à l'intérieur d'une pièce (ou un nombre restreint de pièces adjacentes) qui utilise la bande de fréquences 5 GHz à 6 GHz. Elle renvoie à des méthodes de base utilisées pour la mesure des caractéristiques de fonctionnement du réseau domestique par câbles afin d'évaluer les performances de ce dernier. La présente version bilingue (2013-05) correspond à la version anglaise monolingue publiée en 2010-01.
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IEC 60728-1-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
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IEC 60728-1-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XA
ICS 33.060.30; 33.160.01 ISBN 978-2-88910-260-0
– 2 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.0H5
INTRODUCTION.1H7
1 Scope.2H9
2 Normative references .3H10
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations.4H12
3.1 Terms and definitions .5H12
3.2 Symbols .6H18
3.3 Abbreviations .7H19
4 Methods of measurement for the home network.8H20
5 Performance requirements of the home network .9H21
5.1 General .10H21
5.2 Impedance .11H22
5.3 Performance requirements at the terminal input .12H22
5.3.1 General .13H22
5.3.2 Signal level.14H22
5.3.3 Other parameters .15H22
5.4 Performance requirements at system outlets .16H23
5.4.1 Minimum and maximum carrier levels .17H23
5.4.2 Mutual isolation between system outlets .18H23
5.4.3 Isolation between individual outlets in one household .19H23
5.4.4 Isolation between forward and return path .20H23
5.4.5 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at any
system outlet .21H23
5.5 Performance requirements at the HNI.22H23
5.5.1 Minimum and maximum carrier levels at HNI1 .23H23
5.5.2 Minimum and maximum carrier levels at HNI2 and HNI3.24H23
5.6 Carrier level differences in the home network from HNI to system outlet.25H23
5.7 Frequency response within a television channel in the home network.26H24
5.7.1 General .27H24
5.7.2 Amplitude response.28H24
5.7.3 Group delay.29H24
5.8 Random noise produced in the home network .30H25
5.9 Interference produced into down stream channels within a home network .31H25
5.9.1 General .32H25
5.9.2 Multiple frequency intermodulation interference.33H25
5.9.3 Intermodulation noise .34H25
5.9.4 Crossmodulation.35H26
6 Home network design and examples .36H26
6.1 General .37H26
6.2 Basic design considerations .38H26
6.3 Implementation considerations .39H27
6.4 Home networks with coaxial and balanced cables .40H27
6.4.1 General .41H27
6.4.2 Network examples .42H27
6.4.3 Calculation examples .43H28
6.4.4 General considerations.44H38
60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –
6.4.5 Home network design in a MATV system .45H39
6.4.6 Return path examples.46H39
6.5 Different home network type (HNI3 Case C) (glass or plastic fibre optic
network) .47H39
6.6 Different home network type (HNI3 Case D) .48H40
6.6.1 General .49H40
6.6.2 Wireless links inside the home network .50H40
6.6.3 Applications of IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) .51H41
6.6.4 Available bands in the 2 GHz to 6 GHz frequency range.52H42
6.6.5 Main characteristics of a WLAN signal.53H42
6.6.6 Main characteristics of coaxial cables.54H43
6.6.7 Characteristics of WLAN signals at system outlet .55H43
6.6.8 Characteristics of signals at the TV system outlet.56H44
6.6.9 Example of diplexers and power splitters near the HNI .57H44
6.6.10 Example of system outlet for coaxial TV connector and WLAN
antenna .58H44
6.6.11 Examples of WLAN connection into home networks.59H45
Annex A (informative) Wireless links versus cable links .60H50
Annex B (informative) Isolation between radiating element and system outlet .61H53
Annex C (informative) MIMO techniques of IEEE 802.11n.62H55
Bibliography.63H57
Figure 1 – Examples of RF home network types. .64H8
Figure 2 – Examples of location of HNI for various home network types.65H15
Figure 3 – Examples of home network implementation using coaxial or balanced
cables.66H28
Figure 4 – Signal levels at HNI1 (flat splitter response).67H30
Figure 5 – Signal levels at HNI1 (+6 dB compensating splitter slope).68H31
Figure 6 – Signal levels at HNI2 (L ) (flat splitter/amplifier response) .69H32
Figure 7 – Signal levels at HNI2 (+6 dB compensating splitter/amplifier slope) .70H32
Figure 8 – Signal levels at HNI3 (flat splitter/amplifier response) .71H36
Figure 9 – Signal levels at HNI3 (+6 dB compensating splitter/amplifier slope) .72H36
Figure 10 – Example of a home network using optical fibres. .73H39
Figure 11 – Example of a home network using cable connection and cable/wireless
connection .74H41
Figure 12 – Example of a coupler (tandem coupler) to insert WLAN signals into the
home distribution network. .75H44
Figure 13 – Example of system outlet for coaxial TV connector and WLAN antenna.76H44
Figure 14 – Assumed properties of the filters in the system outlet.77H45
Figure 15 – Reference points for the examples of calculation of link loss or link budget .78H45
Figure B.1 – Required isolation and attenuation of a cut-off waveguide, with cut-off
frequency of 2 275 MHz and a length (L) of 25 cm or 15 cm.79H53
Figure C.1 – Principle of MIMO techniques according to IEEE 802.11n .80H55
Table 1 – Methods of measurement of IEC 60728-1 applicable to the home network .81H21
Table 2 – Amplitude response variation in the home network .82H24
Table 3 – Group delay variation in the home network.83H24
– 4 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
Table 4 – Example of home network implementation with coaxial cabling (passive) from
HNI1 to system outlet .84H33
Table 5 – Example of home network implementation with coaxial cabling (active) from
HNI2 to system outlet .85H33
Table 6 – Example of home network implementation with balanced pair cables (active)
from HNI3 to coaxial terminal input (Case A) .86H37
Table 7 – Example of home network implementation with balanced pair cables (active)
from HNI3 to coaxial system outlet (Case B) .87H37
Table 8 – Maximum EIRP according to CEPT ERC 70-03 .88H42
Table 9 – Available throughput of the WLAN signal.89H43
Table 10 – Minimum signal level at system outlet (WLAN antenna).90H43
Table 11 – Loss from the system outlet to WLAN base station .91H46
Table 12 – Direct connection between two system outlets (TV outlets).92H47
Table 13 – Link budget between a WLAN equipment and the “WLAN base station”.93H47
Table 14 – Wireless connection between two WLAN equipment.94H48
Table 15 – Connection from a SO to a WLAN equipment .95H49
Table A.1 – Maximum distance for a wireless link (WLAN) in free space or inside a
home .96H51
Table A.2 – Maximum length of the cable.97H52
Table C.1 – MCSs that are mandatory in IEEE 802.11n .98H56
60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-1-1 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, viedeo and multimedia systems and equipment.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
100/1622/FDIS 100/1645/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
– 6 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
A list of all parts of the IEC 60728 series, under the general title Cable networks for television
signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Standards of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including equipment and
associated methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and distribution of
television signals, sound signals and their associated data signals, and for processing,
interfacing and transmitting all kinds of signals for interactive services using all applicable
transmission media.
This includes
• CATV 0F -networks,
• MATV-networks and SMATV-networks,
• individual receiving networks
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations installed in such networks.
The extent of this standardisation work is from the antennas, special signal source inputs to
the headend or other interface points to the network up to the terminal input.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals, etc.) as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof
is excluded.
The reception of television signals inside a building requires an outdoor antenna and a
distribution network to convey the signal to the TV receivers.
This part of the IEC 60728 deals with the requirements and implementation guidelines for a
home network that can be realised with different techniques. The following types of home
networks (HN) are possible:
• passive coaxial home network;
• active coaxial home network;
• different home network types.
99HFigure 1 shows typical situations that are possible when considering RF home networks.
The RF home network can be realised using coaxial cables, balanced cables, optical cables
or radio links.
—————————
This word encompasses the Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) networks used nowadays to provide
telecommunications services, voice, data and audio and video both broadcast and narrowcast.
– 8 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
IEC 2523/09
Figure 1 – Examples of RF home network types
60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 9 –
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 provides the requirements and describes the implementation
guidelines of RF cabling for two-way home networks; it is applicable to any home network that
distributes signals provided by CATV/MATV/SMATV cable networks (including individual
receiving systems) having a coaxial cable output. It is also applicable to home networks
where some part of the distribution network uses wireless links, for example in place of the
receiver cord.
This part of IEC 60728 is therefore applicable to RF cabling for two-way home networks with
wired cords or wireless links inside a room and primarily intended for television and sound
signals operating between about 5 MHz and 3 000 MHz. The frequency range is extended to
6 000 MHz for distribution techniques that replace wired cords with a wireless two-way
communication inside a room (or a small number of adjacent rooms) that uses the 5 GHz to
6 GHz band.
In a building divided into apartment blocks, the distribution of the signals inside the home
starts from the home network interface (HNI) up to the system outlet or terminal input. The
requirements at the system outlet are given in IEC 60728-1, Clause 5 and the requirements at
the HNI are given in IEC 60728-1, Clause 7. In Clause 5 of this standard additional
requirements are given.
This standard deals with various possibilities to distribute signals in a home network, using
coaxial cables, balanced pair cables, fibre optic cables (glass or plastic) and also wireless
links inside a room (or a small number of adjacent rooms) to replace wired cords.
This standard gives references to basic methods of measurement of the operational
characteristics of the home cable network in order to assess its performance.
All requirements refer to the performance limits, which are obtained between the input(s) at
the home network interface (HNI) and the output at any system outlet when terminated in a
resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the system, unless otherwise specified.
Where system outlets are not used, the above applies to the terminal input.
NOTE 1 If the home network is subdivided into a number of parts, using different transmission media (e.g. coaxial
cabling, balanced cabling, optical cabling, wireless links) the accumulation of degradations should not exceed the
figures given below.
NOTE 2 Performance requirements of return paths as well as special methods of measurement for the use of the
return paths in cable networks are described in IEC 60728-10.
Clause 5 defines the performance limits measured at system outlet or terminal input for an
unimpaired (ideal) test signal applied at the HNI. Under normal operating conditions for any
analogue channel and meeting these limits, the cumulative effect of the impairment of any
single parameter at the HNI and that due to the home network will produce picture and sound
signals not worse than Grade four on the five-grade impairment scale contained in ITU-R
BT.500. These requirements are given in IEC 60728-1-2. For digitally modulated signals the
quality requirement is a QEF (Quasi Error Free) reception.
– 10 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
This standard describes the physical layer connection for home networks. Description of
protocols required for Layer 2 and higher layers is out of the scope of this standard. Logical
connections between devices within the home network are therefore not always guaranteed.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-705, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 705: Radio wave
propagation
IEC 60050-712, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 712: Antennas
IEC 60050-725, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 725: Space
radiocommunications
IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams
IEC 60728-1:2007, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1: System performance of forward paths
IEC 60728-1-2, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive services
– Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at system outlet in operation
IEC 60728-3:2005, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive
services – Part 3: Active wideband equipment for coaxial cable networks
IEC 60728-10, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services
– Part 10: System performance of return paths
IEC 60966 (all parts), Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies
IEC 60966-2-4, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-4: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to 3
000 MHz, IEC 61169-2 connectors
IEC 60966-2-5, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-5: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to 1
000 MHz, IEC 61169-2 connectors
IEC 60966-2-6, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-6: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to 3
000 MHz, IEC 61169-24 connectors
IEEE 802.11, 1999 IEEE Standards for Information Technology – Telecommunications and
Information Exchange between Systems – Local and Metropolitan Area Network – Specific
Requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) Specifications 1F I
—————————
Parts of IEEE 802.11 are reproduced in ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005, Information technology – Telecommunications
and information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific requirements –
Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specification
60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 11 –
IEEE 802.11a-1999, IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific
requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) specifications – Amendment 1: High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz band
IEEE 802.11b-1999 Supplement to 802.11-1999, Wireless LAN MAC and PHY
specifications: Higher speed Physical Layer (PHY) extension in the 2.4 GHz band
IEEE 802.11e-2005, IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
specifications: Amendment 8: Medium Access Control (MAC) Quality of Service
Enhancements
IEEE 802.11g-2003 IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific
requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) specifications – Amendment 4: Further Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the
2.4 GHz Band
IEEE 802.11h-2003 IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and
Information Exchange Between Systems – LAN/MAN Specific Requirements – Part 11:
Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications:
Spectrum and Transmit Power Management Extensions in the 5GHz band in Europe
IEEE 802.11n/D4.0, March 2008 Active Unapproved Draft – IEEE Draft STANDARD for
Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-
Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Amendment 4:
Enhancements for Higher Throughput
IEEE 802.16-2004 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks – Part 16: Air
Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems (WiMax)
ITU-R Recommendation BT.500, Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of
television pictures
ITU-T Recommendation J.61, Transmission performance of television circuits designed for
use in international connections
ITU-T Recommendation J.63, Insertion of test signals in the field-blanking interval of
monochrome and colour television signals
EN 50117-2-4, Coaxial cables – Part 2-4: Sectional specification for cables used in cabled
distribution networks - Indoor drop cables for systems operating at 5 MHz to 3000 MHz
ETSI EN 300 421, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): DVB framing structure, channel coding
and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services
ETSI EN 300 429, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): DVB framing structure, channel coding
and modulation for cable systems
ETSI EN 300 473, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): DVB Satellite Master Antenna
Television (SMATV) distribution systems
ETSI EN 300 744, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for digital terrestrial television
– 12 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
ETSI EN 302 307, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Second generation framing structure,
channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News
Gathering and other broadband satellite applications
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-705,
IEC 60050-712 and IEC 60050-725, apply.
NOTE The most important definitions are repeated below.
3.1.1
active home network
home network that uses active equipment (for example, amplifiers) in addition to passive
equipment like splitters, taps, system outlets, cables and connectors up to the coaxial RF
interface (input and/or output) of the terminal equipment for distributing and combining RF
signals
3.1.2
antenna
that part of a radio transmitting or receiving system which is designed to provide the required
coupling between a transmitter or a receiver and the medium in which the radio wave
propagates
NOTE 1 In practice, the terminals of the antenna or the points to be considered as the interface between the
antenna and the transmitter or receiver should be specified.
NOTE 2 If the transmitter or receiver is connected to its antenna by a feeder line, the antenna may be considered
to be a transducer between the guided radio waves of the feeder line and the radiated waves in space.
[IEV 712-01-01]
3.1.3
attenuation
ratio of the input power to the output power of an equipment or system, expressed in decibels
3.1.4
balun
device for transforming an unbalanced voltage to a balanced voltage or vice-versa. The term
is derived from balanced to unbalanced transformer.
3.1.5
bit error ratio
BER
ratio between erroneous bits and the total number of transmitted bits
3.1.6
broadcast and communication technologies
BCT
group of applications including RF distribution of sound signals and video signals
NOTE For this standard, this is a group of applications using the HF band (3 MHz to 30 MHz), the VHF band
(30 MHz to 300 MHz) and the UHF band (300 MHz to 3 000 MHz) for transmission of television signals, sound
signals and interactive services, as well as for in-home inter-networking.
60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 13 –
3.1.7
carrier-to-intermodulation ratio
C/I
difference in decibels between the carrier level at a specified point in a piece of equipment or
a system and the level of a specified intermodulation product or combination of products
3.1.8
carrier-to-noise ratio
C/N
difference in decibels between the vision or sound carrier level at a given point in a piece of
equipment or a system and the noise level at that point (measured within a bandwidth
appropriate to the television or radio system in use)
3.1.9
cross-modulation
undesired modulation of the carrier of a desired signal by the modulation of another signal as
a result of equipment or system non-linearities
3.1.10
decibel ratio
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of two quantities of power P and P , i.e.
1 2
P
10lg in dB
P
NOTE May also be expressed in terms of voltages for a common impedence (e.g. 75 Ω).
U
20 lg in dB
U
3.1.11
designed receiving antenna
antenna that has the gain, the directivity and the polarization for receiving the wanted signal
at the headend site with the required performance
3.1.12
directivity
attenuation between output port and interface or tap port minus the attenuation between input
port and interface or tap port, of any equipment or system
3.1.13
DOCSIS
Euro-DOCSIS
standards defining interface specifications for cable modems and cable modem termination
systems for high-speed data communication over RF cable networks
3.1.14
dwelling unit
DU
home or office where television and sound signals are distributed and where is access to
interactive services
3.1.15
echo rating
E
result of a system test with a 2T sine-squared pulse (as determined in ITU-T
Recommendation J.61 and ITU-T Recommendation J.63) using the boundary line on a
specified graticule (for example, Figure 29 of IEC 60728-1) within which all parts of the
received pulse fall
– 14 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
NOTE The object of the graticule design is to ensure that the subjective effect of an echo of rating E % is the
same as that of a single echo, with displacement greater than 12T, of (E/2) % relative to the peak amplitude of the
test pulse.
3.1.16
feeder
transmission path forming part of a cable network; such a path may consist of a metallic
cable, optical fibre, waveguide, or any combination thereof
NOTE By extension, the term is also applied to paths containing one or more radio links.
3.1.17
gain
ratio of the output power to the input power of any equipment or system, expressed in
decibels
3.1.18
headend
equipment which is connected between receiving antennas or other signal sources and the
remainder of the cable networks, to process the signals to be distributed
NOTE The headend may, for example, comprise antenna amplifiers, frequency converters, combiners, separators
and generators.
3.1.19
headend for individual reception
headend supplying an individual household
NOTE This type of installation may include one or more system outlets.
3.1.20
headend input
interface of the headend where the signals received by antennas or individual feeder lines are
applied for signal processing
3.1.21
home cable link
HCL
physical link (cable) between the home distributor (HD) and the system outlet or the terminal
input
3.1.22
home distributor
HD
distributor within a home where cables terminate
3.1.23
home network
HN
RF cable network inside a single dwelling (one-family house or one unit of a multi-dwelling
building) in the SOHO (Small Offices Home Offices) environments or in the rooms of hotels,
hospitals, etc.; the preferred topology of this network is a star
NOTE This network carries television signals, sound signals and interactive services up to the coaxial RF
interface (input and/or output) of the terminal equipment. It may comprise active equipment, passive equipment,
cables and connectors.
3.1.24
home network interface
HNI
interface for access to the network for transmission of television signal, sound signals and
interactive services inside a home (single dwelling)
60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 15 –
NOTE 1 It is the first accessible point after the entrance of the network into an individual home (see 100HFigure 2).
NOTE 2 In some cases the home network interface may coincide with the system outlet. In this case the
performance requirements for a system outlet apply.
Active home network
HNI
Passive home network
HNI
Looped system
outlets
HNI
Single
system
outlet
BNI
IEC 1013/09
Figure 2 – Examples of location of HNI for various home network types
3.1.25
intermodulation
process whereby non-linearity of equipment in a system produces output signals (called
intermodulation products) at frequencies which are linear combinations of those of the input
signals
3.1.26
isolation
attenuation between two output, tap or interface ports of any equipment or system
3.1.27
level
to the standard reference power P , i.e.
decibel ratio of any power P
1 0
P
10lg in dB
P
decibel ratio of any voltage U to the standard reference voltage U , i.e.
1 0
U
20lg in dB
U
NOTE This may be expressed in decibels (relative to 1 μV in 75 Ω) or more simply in dB(μV) if there is no risk of
ambiguity and if based on a common impedance value (e.g. 75 Ω).
– 16 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
3.1.28
looped system outlet
device through which the spur feeder passes and to which is connected a receiver lead,
without the use of a subscriber feeder
3.1.29
MATV headend
headend used in blocks of flats and in built-up sites to feed TV channels and FM radio
channels into the house network or the spur network
3.1.30
multi dwelling unit
MDU
building with many homes or offices used by single owners where television signals, sound
signals are distributed and where is access to interactive services
3.1.31
multiplex
signals from several separate sources assembled into a single composite signal for
transmission over a common transmission channel
[IEV 701-03-10]
3.1.32
mutual isolation
attenuation between two specified system outlets at any frequency within the range of the
system under investigation which is always specified, for any particular installation, as the
minimum value obtained within specified frequency limits
3.1.33
network interface
NI
interface to the network for transmission of television signal, sound signals and interactive
services
3.1.34
network termination unit
NTU
equipment for access to the cable network for television signal, sound signals and interactive
services
3.1.35
permanent link
transmission path between any two test interfaces within a cabling subsystem link including
the connecting hardware at each end
3.1.36
receiver lead
lead which connects the system outlet to the subscriber’s equipment
NOTE A receiver lead may include filters and balun transformers in addition to the cable.
3.1.37
satellite master antenna television system
SMATV
system which is designed to provide sound and television signals to the outlets of a building
or a group of buildings
NOTE Two system configurations are defined in ETSI EN 300 473 as follows:
60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 17 –
• SMATV system A, based on transparent transmodulation of QPSK satellite signals into QAM signals to be
distributed to the user;
• SMATV system B, based on direct distribution of QPSK signals to the user, with two options:
– SMATV-IF distribution in the satellite IF band (above 950 MHz);
– SMATV-S distribution in the VHF/UHF band, for example in the extended S band
(230 MHz to 470 MHz).
(For SMATV, see ETSI EN 300 473.)
3.1.38
S /N
D,RF
signal-to-noise ratio for a digitally modulated signal in the RF band
3.1.39
single dwelling unit
SDU
home, office or one-family house used by a single owner where television signals and sound
signals are distributed and there is access to interactive services
3.1.40
slope
difference in gain or attenuation at two specified frequencies between any two points in a
system
3.1.41
splitter (spur unit)
device in which the signal power at the (input) port is divided equally or unequally between
two or more (output) ports
NOTE Some forms of this device may be used in the reverse direction for combining signal energy.
3.1.42
spur feeder
feeder to which splitters, subscriber taps, or looped system outlets are connected
3.1.43
standard reference power
P
in cable networks P is 1/75 pW
NOTE This is the power dissipated in a 75 Ω resistor with a voltage drop of 1 μV across it.
RMS
3.1.44
subscriber feeder
feeder connecting a subscriber tap to a system outlet or, where the latter is not used, directly
to the subscriber equipment
NOTE A subscriber feeder may include filters and balun transformers.
3.1.45
subscriber equipment
equipment at the subscriber premises such as receivers, tuners, decoders, video recorders
3.1.46
subscriber tap
device for connecting a subscriber feeder to a spur feeder
– 18 – 60728-1-1 © IEC:2010(E)
3.1.47
system outlet
device for interconnecting a subscriber feeder and a receiver lead
3.1.48
terminal equipment
equipment (television receiver, radio receiver, set-top box, etc.) able to receive the distributed
signals or to send (via a cable modem) return signals for interactive services
3.1.49
well-matched
matching condition when the return loss of the equipment complies with the requirements of
Table 1 of IEC 60728-3.
3.2 Symbols
The following graphical symbols are used in the figures of this standard. These symbols are
either listed in IEC 60617 or based on symbols defined in IEC 60617.
Symbols Terms Symbols Terms
Directional coupler System outlet (SO)
[IEC 60617-S01340 [IEC 60617-S00438,
(2001-07)] modified (2001-07)]
HNI:
Splitter
Home Network Interface
Subscriber tap Receiver lead
Amplifier
[IEC 60617-S01239 Two-way amplifier
(2001-07)]
Balun: NTU:
Balanced to unbalanced Network Terminating
transformer Unit
Optical transmitter Optical receiver
based on based on
[IEC 60617-S01231 [IEC 60617-S01231
...
IEC 60728-1-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
Réseaux de distribution par câbles destinés aux signaux de télévision, signaux
de radiodiffusion sonore et aux services interactifs –
Partie 1-1: Câblage RF pour réseaux domestiques bidirectionnels
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IEC 60728-1-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
Réseaux de distribution par câbles destinés aux signaux de télévision, signaux
de radiodiffusion sonore et aux services interactifs –
Partie 1-1: Câblage RF pour réseaux domestiques bidirectionnels
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ICS 33.060.30; 33.160.01 ISBN 978-2-83220-725-3
– 2 – 60728-1-1 IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 12
3.1 Terms and definitions . 12
3.2 Symbols . 18
3.3 Abbreviations . 19
4 Methods of measurement for the home network . 20
5 Performance requirements of the home network . 21
5.1 General . 21
5.2 Impedance . 22
5.3 Performance requirements at the terminal input . 22
5.3.1 General . 22
5.3.2 Signal level . 22
5.3.3 Other parameters . 22
5.4 Performance requirements at system outlets . 23
5.4.1 Minimum and maximum carrier levels . 23
5.4.2 Mutual isolation between system outlets . 23
5.4.3 Isolation between individual outlets in one household . 23
5.4.4 Isolation between forward and return path . 23
5.4.5 Long-term frequency stability of distributed carrier signals at any
system outlet . 23
5.5 Performance requirements at the HNI . 23
5.5.1 Minimum and maximum carrier levels at HNI1 . 23
5.5.2 Minimum and maximum carrier levels at HNI2 and HNI3 . 23
5.6 Carrier level differences in the home network from HNI to system outlet . 23
5.7 Frequency response within a television channel in the home network . 24
5.7.1 General . 24
5.7.2 Amplitude response . 24
5.7.3 Group delay . 24
5.8 Random noise produced in the home network . 25
5.9 Interference produced into down stream channels within a home network . 25
5.9.1 General . 25
5.9.2 Multiple frequency intermodulation interference . 25
5.9.3 Intermodulation noise . 25
5.9.4 Crossmodulation . 26
6 Home network design and examples . 26
6.1 General . 26
6.2 Basic design considerations . 26
6.3 Implementation considerations . 27
6.4 Home networks with coaxial and balanced cables . 27
6.4.1 General . 27
6.4.2 Network examples . 27
6.4.3 Calculation examples . 28
6.4.4 General considerations . 38
60728-1-1 IEC:2010 – 3 –
6.4.5 Home network design in a MATV system . 39
6.4.6 Return path examples . 39
6.5 Different home network type (HNI3 Case C) (glass or plastic fibre optic
network) . 39
6.6 Different home network type (HNI3 Case D) . 40
6.6.1 General . 40
6.6.2 Wireless links inside the home network . 40
6.6.3 Applications of IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) . 41
6.6.4 Available bands in the 2 GHz to 6 GHz frequency range . 42
6.6.5 Main characteristics of a WLAN signal . 42
6.6.6 Main characteristics of coaxial cables . 43
6.6.7 Characteristics of WLAN signals at system outlet . 43
6.6.8 Characteristics of signals at the TV system outlet . 44
6.6.9 Example of diplexers and power splitters near the HNI . 44
6.6.10 Example of system outlet for coaxial TV connector and WLAN
antenna . 44
6.6.11 Examples of WLAN connection into home networks . 45
Annex A (informative) Wireless links versus cable links . 50
Annex B (informative) Isolation between radiating element and system outlet . 53
Annex C (informative) MIMO techniques of IEEE 802.11n . 55
Bibliography . 57
Figure 1 – Examples of RF home network types. . 8
Figure 2 – Examples of location of HNI for various home network types . 15
Figure 3 – Examples of home network implementation using coaxial or balanced
cables. . 28
Figure 4 – Signal levels at HNI1 (flat splitter response) . 30
Figure 5 – Signal levels at HNI1 (+6 dB compensating splitter slope) . 31
Figure 6 – Signal levels at HNI2 (L ) (flat splitter/amplifier response) . 32
Figure 7 – Signal levels at HNI2 (+6 dB compensating splitter/amplifier slope) . 32
Figure 8 – Signal levels at HNI3 (flat splitter/amplifier response) . 36
Figure 9 – Signal levels at HNI3 (+6 dB compensating splitter/amplifier slope) . 36
Figure 10 – Example of a home network using optical fibres. . 39
Figure 11 – Example of a home network using cable connection and cable/wireless
connection . 41
Figure 12 – Example of a coupler (tandem coupler) to insert WLAN signals into the
home distribution network. . 44
Figure 13 – Example of system outlet for coaxial TV connector and WLAN antenna . 44
Figure 14 – Assumed properties of the filters in the system outlet . 45
Figure 15 – Reference points for the examples of calculation of link loss or link budget . 45
Figure B.1 – Required isolation and attenuation of a cut-off waveguide, with cut-off
frequency of 2 275 MHz and a length (L) of 25 cm or 15 cm . 53
Figure C.1 – Principle of MIMO techniques according to IEEE 802.11n . . 55
Table 1 – Methods of measurement of IEC 60728-1 applicable to the home network . 21
Table 2 – Amplitude response variation in the home network . 24
Table 3 – Group delay variation in the home network . 24
– 4 – 60728-1-1 IEC:2010
Table 4 – Example of home network implementation with coaxial cabling (passive) from
HNI1 to system outlet . 33
Table 5 – Example of home network implementation with coaxial cabling (active) from
HNI2 to system outlet . 33
Table 6 – Example of home network implementation with balanced pair cables (active)
from HNI3 to coaxial terminal input (Case A) . 37
Table 7 – Example of home network implementation with balanced pair cables (active)
from HNI3 to coaxial system outlet (Case B) . 37
Table 8 – Maximum EIRP according to CEPT ERC 70-03 . 42
Table 9 – Available throughput of the WLAN signal . 43
Table 10 – Minimum signal level at system outlet (WLAN antenna) . 43
Table 11 – Loss from the system outlet to WLAN base station . 46
Table 12 – Direct connection between two system outlets (TV outlets) . 47
Table 13 – Link budget between a WLAN equipment and the “WLAN base station” . 47
Table 14 – Wireless connection between two WLAN equipment . 48
Table 15 – Connection from a SO to a WLAN equipment . 49
Table A.1 – Maximum distance for a wireless link (WLAN) in free space or inside a
home . 51
Table A.2 – Maximum length of the cable. 52
Table C.1 – MCSs that are mandatory in IEEE 802.11n . 56
60728-1-1 IEC:2010 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60728-1-1 has been prepared by technical area 5: Cable networks
for television signals, sound signals and interactive services, of IEC technical committee 100:
Audio, video and multimedia systems and equipment.
This bilingual version (2013-05) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2010-01.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
100/1622/FDIS 100/1645/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
– 6 – 60728-1-1 IEC:2010
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of the IEC 60728 series, under the general title Cable networks for television
signals, sound signals and interactive services, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
60728-1-1 IEC:2010 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
Standards of the IEC 60728 series deal with cable networks including equipment and
associated methods of measurement for headend reception, processing and distribution of
television signals, sound signals and their associated data signals, and for processing,
interfacing and transmitting all kinds of signals for interactive services using all applicable
transmission media.
This includes
• CATV -networks,
• MATV-networks and SMATV-networks,
• individual receiving networks
and all kinds of equipment, systems and installations installed in such networks.
The extent of this standardisation work is from the antennas, special signal source inputs to
the headend or other interface points to the network up to the terminal input.
The standardization of any user terminals (i.e. tuners, receivers, decoders, multimedia
terminals, etc.) as well as of any coaxial, balanced and optical cables and accessories thereof
is excluded.
The reception of television signals inside a building requires an outdoor antenna and a
distribution network to convey the signal to the TV receivers.
This part of the IEC 60728 deals with the requirements and implementation guidelines for a
home network that can be realised with different techniques. The following types of home
networks (HN) are possible:
• passive coaxial home network;
• active coaxial home network;
• different home network types.
Figure 1 shows typical situations that are possible when considering RF home networks.
The RF home network can be realised using coaxial cables, balanced cables, optical cables
or radio links.
—————————
This word encompasses the Hybrid Fibre Coaxial (HFC) networks used nowadays to provide
telecommunications services, voice, data and audio and video both broadcast and narrowcast.
– 8 – 60728-1-1 IEC:2010
IEC 2523/09
Figure 1 – Examples of RF home network types
60728-1-1 IEC:2010 – 9 –
CABLE NETWORKS FOR TELEVISION SIGNALS,
SOUND SIGNALS AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES –
Part 1-1: RF cabling for two way home networks
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60728 provides the requirements and describes the implementation
guidelines of RF cabling for two-way home networks; it is applicable to any home network that
distributes signals provided by CATV/MATV/SMATV cable networks (including individual
receiving systems) having a coaxial cable output. It is also applicable to home networks
where some part of the distribution network uses wireless links, for example in place of the
receiver cord.
This part of IEC 60728 is therefore applicable to RF cabling for two-way home networks with
wired cords or wireless links inside a room and primarily intended for television and sound
signals operating between about 5 MHz and 3 000 MHz. The frequency range is extended to
6 000 MHz for distribution techniques that replace wired cords with a wireless two-way
communication inside a room (or a small number of adjacent rooms) that uses the 5 GHz to
6 GHz band.
In a building divided into apartment blocks, the distribution of the signals inside the home
starts from the home network interface (HNI) up to the system outlet or terminal input. The
requirements at the system outlet are given in IEC 60728-1, Clause 5 and the requirements at
the HNI are given in IEC 60728-1, Clause 7. In Clause 5 of this standard additional
requirements are given.
This standard deals with various possibilities to distribute signals in a home network, using
coaxial cables, balanced pair cables, fibre optic cables (glass or plastic) and also wireless
links inside a room (or a small number of adjacent rooms) to replace wired cords.
This standard gives references to basic methods of measurement of the operational
characteristics of the home cable network in order to assess its performance.
All requirements refer to the performance limits, which are obtained between the input(s) at
the home network interface (HNI) and the output at any system outlet when terminated in a
resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the system, unless otherwise specified.
Where system outlets are not used, the above applies to the terminal input.
NOTE 1 If the home network is subdivided into a number of parts, using different transmission media (e.g. coaxial
cabling, balanced cabling, optical cabling, wireless links) the accumulation of degradations should not exceed the
figures given below.
NOTE 2 Performance requirements of return paths as well as special methods of measurement for the use of the
return paths in cable networks are described in IEC 60728-10.
Clause 5 defines the performance limits measured at system outlet or terminal input for an
unimpaired (ideal) test signal applied at the HNI. Under normal operating conditions for any
analogue channel and meeting these limits, the cumulative effect of the impairment of any
single parameter at the HNI and that due to the home network will produce picture and sound
signals not worse than Grade four on the five-grade impairment scale contained in ITU-R
BT.500. These requirements are given in IEC 60728-1-2. For digitally modulated signals the
quality requirement is a QEF (Quasi Error Free) reception.
– 10 – 60728-1-1 IEC:2010
This standard describes the physical layer connection for home networks. Description of
protocols required for Layer 2 and higher layers is out of the scope of this standard. Logical
connections between devices within the home network are therefore not always guaranteed.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-705, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 705: Radio wave
propagation
IEC 60050-712, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 712: Antennas
IEC 60050-725, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 725: Space
radiocommunications
IEC 60617, Graphical symbols for diagrams
IEC 60728-1:2007, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive
services – Part 1: System performance of forward paths
IEC 60728-1-2, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive services
– Part 1-2: Performance requirements for signals delivered at system outlet in operation
IEC 60728-3:2005, Cable networks for television signals sound signals and interactive
services – Part 3: Active wideband equipment for coaxial cable networks
IEC 60728-10, Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive services
– Part 10: System performance of return paths
IEC 60966 (all parts), Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies
IEC 60966-2-4, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-4: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to 3
000 MHz, IEC 61169-2 connectors
IEC 60966-2-5, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-5: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to 1
000 MHz, IEC 61169-2 connectors
IEC 60966-2-6, Radio frequency and coaxial cable assemblies – Part 2-6: Detail
specification for cable assemblies for radio and TV receivers – Frequency range 0 MHz to 3
000 MHz, IEC 61169-24 connectors
IEEE 802.11, 1999 IEEE Standards for Information Technology – Telecommunications and
Information Exchange between Systems – Local and Metropolitan Area Network – Specific
Requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) Specifications I
—————————
Parts of IEEE 802.11 are reproduced in ISO/IEC 8802-11:2005, Information technology – Telecommunications
and information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific requirements –
Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specification
60728-1-1 IEC:2010 – 11 –
IEEE 802.11a-1999, IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific
requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) specifications – Amendment 1: High-speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz band
IEEE 802.11b-1999 Supplement to 802.11-1999, Wireless LAN MAC and PHY
specifications: Higher speed Physical Layer (PHY) extension in the 2.4 GHz band
IEEE 802.11e-2005, IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
specifications: Amendment 8: Medium Access Control (MAC) Quality of Service
Enhancements
IEEE 802.11g-2003 IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks – Specific
requirements – Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) specifications – Amendment 4: Further Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the
2.4 GHz Band
IEEE 802.11h-2003 IEEE Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and
Information Exchange Between Systems – LAN/MAN Specific Requirements – Part 11:
Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications:
Spectrum and Transmit Power Management Extensions in the 5GHz band in Europe
IEEE 802.11n/D4.0, March 2008 Active Unapproved Draft – IEEE Draft STANDARD for
Information Technology-Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-
Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium
Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications: Amendment 4:
Enhancements for Higher Throughput
IEEE 802.16-2004 IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks – Part 16: Air
Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems (WiMax)
ITU-R Recommendation BT.500, Methodology for the subjective assessment of the quality of
television pictures
ITU-T Recommendation J.61, Transmission performance of television circuits designed for
use in international connections
ITU-T Recommendation J.63, Insertion of test signals in the field-blanking interval of
monochrome and colour television signals
EN 50117-2-4, Coaxial cables – Part 2-4: Sectional specification for cables used in cabled
distribution networks - Indoor drop cables for systems operating at 5 MHz to 3000 MHz
ETSI EN 300 421, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): DVB framing structure, channel coding
and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services
ETSI EN 300 429, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): DVB framing structure, channel coding
and modulation for cable systems
ETSI EN 300 473, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): DVB Satellite Master Antenna
Television (SMATV) distribution systems
ETSI EN 300 744, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for digital terrestrial television
– 12 – 60728-1-1 IEC:2010
ETSI EN 302 307, Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Second generation framing structure,
channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News
Gathering and other broadband satellite applications
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-705,
IEC 60050-712 and IEC 60050-725, apply.
NOTE The most important definitions are repeated below.
3.1.1
active home network
home network that uses active equipment (for example, amplifiers) in addition to passive
equipment like splitters, taps, system outlets, cables and connectors up to the coaxial RF
interface (input and/or output) of the terminal equipment for distributing and combining RF
signals
3.1.2
antenna
that part of a radio transmitting or receiving system which is designed to provide the required
coupling between a transmitter or a receiver and the medium in which the radio wave
propagates
NOTE 1 In practice, the terminals of the antenna or the points to be considered as the interface between the
antenna and the transmitter or receiver should be specified.
NOTE 2 If the transmitter or receiver is connected to its antenna by a feeder line, the antenna may be considered
to be a transducer between the guided radio waves of the feeder line and the radiated waves in space.
[IEV 712-01-01]
3.1.3
attenuation
ratio of the input power to the output power of an equipment or system, expressed in decibels
3.1.4
balun
device for transforming an unbalanced voltage to a balanced voltage or vice-versa. The term
is derived from balanced to unbalanced transformer.
3.1.5
bit error ratio
BER
ratio between erroneous bits and the total number of transmitted bits
3.1.6
broadcast and communication technologies
BCT
group of applications including RF distribution of sound signals and video signals
NOTE For this standard, this is a group of applications using the HF band (3 MHz to 30 MHz), the VHF band
(30 MHz to 300 MHz) and the UHF band (300 MHz to 3 000 MHz) for transmission of television signals, sound
signals and interactive services, as well as for in-home inter-networking.
60728-1-1 IEC:2010 – 13 –
3.1.7
carrier-to-intermodulation ratio
C/I
difference in decibels between the carrier level at a specified point in a piece of equipment or
a system and the level of a specified intermodulation product or combination of products
3.1.8
carrier-to-noise ratio
C/N
difference in decibels between the vision or sound carrier level at a given point in a piece of
equipment or a system and the noise level at that point (measured within a bandwidth
appropriate to the television or radio system in use)
3.1.9
cross-modulation
undesired modulation of the carrier of a desired signal by the modulation of another signal as
a result of equipment or system non-linearities
3.1.10
decibel ratio
ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of two quantities of power P and P , i.e.
1 2
P
10lg in dB
P
NOTE May also be expressed in terms of voltages for a common impedence (e.g. 75 Ω).
U
20 lg in dB
U
3.1.11
designed receiving antenna
antenna that has the gain, the directivity and the polarization for receiving the wanted signal
at the headend site with the required performance
3.1.12
directivity
attenuation between output port and interface or tap port minus the attenuation between input
port and interface or tap port, of any equipment or system
3.1.13
DOCSIS
Euro-DOCSIS
standards defining interface specifications for cable modems and cable modem termination
systems for high-speed data communication over RF cable networks
3.1.14
dwelling unit
DU
home or office where television and sound signals are distributed and where is access to
interactive services
3.1.15
echo rating
E
result of a system test with a 2T sine-squared pulse (as determined in ITU-T
Recommendation J.61 and ITU-T Recommendation J.63) using the boundary line on a
specified graticule (for example, Figure 29 of IEC 60728-1) within which all parts of the
received pulse fall
– 14 – 60728-1-1 IEC:2010
NOTE The object of the graticule design is to ensure that the subjective effect of an echo of rating E % is the
same as that of a single echo, with displacement greater than 12T, of (E/2) % relative to the peak amplitude of the
test pulse.
3.1.16
feeder
transmission path forming part of a cable network; such a path may consist of a metallic
cable, optical fibre, waveguide, or any combination thereof
NOTE By extension, the term is also applied to paths containing one or more radio links.
3.1.17
gain
ratio of the output power to the input power of any equipment or system, expressed in
decibels
3.1.18
headend
equipment which is connected between receiving antennas or other signal sources and the
remainder of the cable networks, to process the signals to be distributed
NOTE The headend may, for example, comprise antenna amplifiers, frequency converters, combiners, separators
and generators.
3.1.19
headend for individual reception
headend supplying an individual household
NOTE This type of installation may include one or more system outlets.
3.1.20
headend input
interface of the headend where the signals received by antennas or individual feeder lines are
applied for signal processing
3.1.21
home cable link
HCL
physical link (cable) between the home distributor (HD) and the system outlet or the terminal
input
3.1.22
home distributor
HD
distributor within a home where cables terminate
3.1.23
home network
HN
RF cable network inside a single dwelling (one-family house or one unit of a multi-dwelling
building) in the SOHO (Small Offices Home Offices) environments or in the rooms of hotels,
hospitals, etc.; the preferred topology of this network is a star
NOTE This network carries television signals, sound signals and interactive services up to the coaxial RF
interface (input and/or output) of the terminal equipment. It may comprise active equipment, passive equipment,
cables and connectors.
3.1.24
home network interface
HNI
interface for access to the network for transmission of television signal, sound signals and
interactive services inside a home (single dwelling)
60728-1-1 IEC:2010 – 15 –
NOTE 1 It is the first accessible point after the entrance of the network into an individual home (see Figure 2).
NOTE 2 In some cases the home network interface may coincide with the system outlet. In this case the
performance requirements for a system outlet apply.
Active home network
HNI
Passive home network
HNI
Looped system
outlets
HNI
Single
system
outlet
BNI
IEC 1013/09
Figure 2 – Examples of location of HNI for various home network types
3.1.25
intermodulation
process whereby non-linearity of equipment in a system produces output signals (called
intermodulation products) at frequencies which are linear combinations of those of the input
signals
3.1.26
isolation
attenuation between two output, tap or interface ports of any equipment or system
3.1.27
level
decibel ratio of any power P to the standard reference power P , i.e.
1 0
P
10lg in dB
P
decibel ratio of any voltage U to the standard reference voltage U , i.e.
1 0
U
20lg in dB
U
NOTE This may be expressed in decibels (relative to 1 µV in 75 Ω) or more simply in dB(µV) if there is no risk of
ambiguity and if based on a common impedance value (e.g. 75 Ω).
– 16 – 60728-1-1 IEC:2010
3.1.28
looped system outlet
device through which the spur feeder passes and to which is connected a receiver lead,
without the use of a subscriber feeder
3.1.29
MATV headend
headend used in blocks of flats and in built-up sites to feed TV channels and FM radio
channels into the house network or the spur network
3.1.30
multi dwelling unit
MDU
building with many homes or offices used by single owners where television signals, sound
signals are distributed and where is access to interactive services
3.1.31
multiplex
signals from several separate sources assembled into a single composite signal for
transmission over a common transmission channel
[IEV 701-03-10]
3.1.32
mutual isolation
attenuation between two specified system outlets at any frequency within the range of the
system under investigation which is always specified, for any particular installation, as the
minimum value obtained within specified frequency limits
3.1.33
network interface
NI
interface to the network for transmission of television signal, sound signals and interactive
services
3.1.34
network termination unit
NTU
equipment for access to the cable network for television signal, sound signals and interactive
services
3.1.35
permanent link
transmission path between any two test interfaces within a cabling subsystem link including
the connecting hardware at each end
3.1.36
receiver lead
lead which connects the system outlet to the subscriber’s equipment
NOTE A receiver lead may include filters and balun transformers in addition to the cable.
3.1.37
satellite master antenna television system
SMATV
system which is designed to provide sound and television signals to the outlets of a building
or a group of buildings
NOTE Two system configurations are defined in ETSI EN 300 473 as follows:
60728-1-1 IEC:2010 – 17 –
• SMATV system A, based on transparent transmodulation of QPSK satellite signals into QAM signals to be
distributed to
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