IEC SRD 63233-1:2022
(Main)Smart city standards inventory and mapping - Part 1: Methodology
Smart city standards inventory and mapping - Part 1: Methodology
IEC SRD 63233-1:2022 The smart city standards inventory and mapping project was initiated to provide a systematic approach to retrieve and map the standards of smart cities on smart city reference architectures, models or frameworks and provide fundamental support for the collaborative work of standard-setters and users. Standards maps are the practical base for helping SDOs and users to identify directly and instantly the standards that are needed for any aspects of smart cities (citizen services, city infrastructure, governance, etc.). Standards maps also help in identifying the standardization gap in the ecosystem.
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IEC SRD 63233-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-06
SYSTEMS
REFERENCE DELIVERABLE
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Smart city standards inventory and mapping –
Part 1: Methodology
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IEC SRD 63233-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-06
SYSTEMS
REFERENCE DELIVERABLE
colour
inside
Smart city standards inventory and mapping –
Part 1: Methodology
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 03.100.70; 13.020.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2351-2
– 2 – IEC SRD 63233-1:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Systematic approach to standards inventory building and mapping . 7
5 Smart city standards inventory building. 8
5.1 Smart city standards identification . 8
5.1.1 Guiding principles . 8
5.1.2 Criteria for smart city standards . 10
5.1.3 Correlation analysis method . 10
5.1.4 Use case based method . 10
5.2 Structured catalogue of smart city standards . 12
5.2.1 Basic principles of structuring the standards catalogue . 12
5.2.2 Vocabulary for classification of standards . 12
5.3 Maintenance and update of standards inventory . 14
6 Smart city standards mapping . 15
6.1 Mapping process . 15
6.2 Map user and need analysis . 15
6.3 Architecture model selection for standards mapping . 15
6.4 Tags based clustering method for mapping . 15
6.4.1 Standards association network . 15
6.4.2 Mapping relationships . 17
6.5 Visualization of standards map . 17
Annex A (informative) Searching keywords and query combinations for smart city
standards inventory . 18
Annex B (informative) Tags of standards . 21
Bibliography . 23
Figure 1 – Steps to perform inventory and mapping . 7
Figure 2 – A basic structure for smart city standards inventory . 9
Figure 3 – Procedure to identify relevant standards using use case analysis . 11
Figure 4 – A standards association network diagram . 17
Table 1 – Relationship of standards . 16
Table A.1 – Keywords for inventory . 18
Table A.2 – Query combinations . 20
Table B.1 – Tags of some standards . 21
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SMART CITY STANDARDS INVENTORY AND MAPPING –
Part 1: Methodology
FOREWORD
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IEC SRD 63233-1 has been prepared by IEC systems committee Smart Cities: Electrotechnical
aspects of Smart Cities. It is a Systems Reference Deliverable.
The text of this Systems Reference Deliverable is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
SyCSmartCities/232/DTS SyCSmartCities /254/RVDTS
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this Systems Reference Deliverable is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
– 4 – IEC SRD 63233-1:2022 © IEC 2022
A list of all parts in the IEC SRD 63233 series, published under the general title Smart city
standards inventory and mapping, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
International, and regional standards development organizations (SDOs), as well as consortia
and national standardization institutions, have been vigorously promoting the development of
smart city standards. But different organizations focus on standards at different levels of smart
cities and the effective coordination in the standards development process needs to be
strengthened. At present, there is no overall architectural understanding of standards of smart
cities.
The smart city standards inventory and mapping project was initiated to provide a systematic
approach to retrieve and map the standards of smart cities on smart city reference architectures,
models or frameworks and provide fundamental support for the collaborative work of standard-
setters and users. Standards maps are the practical base for helping SDOs and users to identify
directly and instantly the standards that are needed for any aspects of smart cities (citizen
services, city infrastructure, governance, etc.). Standards maps also help in identifying the
standardization gap in the ecosystem.
– 6 – IEC SRD 63233-1:2022 © IEC 2022
SMART CITY STANDARDS INVENTORY AND MAPPING –
Part 1: Methodology
1 Scope
This part of IEC SRD 63233, which is a Systems Reference Deliverable, describes a systematic
approach to carry out smart city standards analysis based on the IEC systems approach. It
gives methods for developing smart city standards inventory and mapping.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
domain
field of special knowledge
[SOURCE: ISO 10241-1:2011, 3.3.1]
3.2
stakeholder
individual or organization having a right, share, claim or interest in a system or in its possession
of characteristics that meet their needs and expectations
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 12207:2017, 3.1.59]
3.3
use case
specification of a set of actions performed by a system, which yields an observable result that
is, typically, of value for one or more actors or other stakeholders of the system
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, 16.3.6]
3.4
standard
deliverable, established by consensus and approved by a recognized body, that provides, for
common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results,
aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-901:2013, 901-02-02, modified – In the definition, "document" has been
replaced by "deliverable".]
3.5
standard implementer
component that enables the provision of services based on the standards
EXAMPLE A developer who needs to comply with SQL commands would be an implementer of that standard.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 20547-5:2018, 3.2.1]
3.6
standard user
person or component that interacts with a service via the standard or that
accepts/consumes/decodes data represented by the standard
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC TR 20547-5:2018, 3.2.2]
4 Systematic approach to standards inventory building and mapping
Typically, establishing a standards map, for example for an IEC smart grid standards map,
starts with an architectural model that can then identify points within the architecture model for
where standards apply, and then perform an inventory on those points. The inventory should
identify relevant SDOs, and then sub-areas within each SDO that apply to the content of the
smart city architecture model, and then identify the standards to be applied to each point or
area of that architecture model.
There will be a series of architecture models of different views to describe the reference
architecture of smart city and SCRA (Smart Cities Reference Architecture discussed in the
project development of IEC 63205), and there are also existing architecture models built by
other SDOs. The systematic approach in this document is proposed for developing a mapping
tool for smart cities. This tool will be designed to establish a common smart city standards pool
and automatically or at least half-automatically identify relevant standards that apply to the
content of a specific architecture model from this common standards repository. This will avoid
repetitive labour to identify the standards applied to each architecture model from multiple
different SDOs from scratch.
This document focuses on understanding and mapping the relevant standards for the various
parts of the smart city ecosystem and whether they are contributing to or counteracting the
objectives identified in market analysis.
Figure 1 shows the steps to perform inventory and mapping and depicts concepts about
standards mapping as a context for understanding the practice of standards analysis.
Figure 1 – Steps to perform inventory and mapping
– 8 – IEC SRD 63233-1:2022 © IEC 2022
– Step 1: Inventory of smart city standards
• Step 1.1: select or build a model of smart city to map the features as a system by which
principles for standards identification (Step 1.2) can be derived. This model can be
chosen from the present models of smart cities.
• Step 1.2: derive principles from the model in step 1.1 for identification of standards
relevant to smart cities and set up criteria for smart city standards.
• Step 1.3: select a method to identify the existing smart city standards following the
principles in step 1.2 and get the list of existing smart city standards.
• Step 1.4: label the existing standards with tags. The tags are derived from the standard's
title, scope and content and used for standards mapping.
• Step 1.5: build a standards association network described as in 6.4.1, based on the
correlation between every existing two standards. It is used as a unified relationship
structure of smart city standards to carry out standards mapping.
• Step 1.6: get the standards inventory with tags for smart city standards and the
standards association network.
– Step 2: Map standards onto an architecture of smart city
• Step 2.1: for a map developer with a perspective of smart city, select an architecture
model of smart city to map relevant standards onto. The architecture model can be one
of IEC SCRA or others from SDOs such as developed in ISO/IEC 30145, ISO 37101 and
ISO 37106.
• Step 2.2: select a mapping method to get a standards map in which standards
developers and users can find each particular standard in its corresponding section.
5 Smart city standards inventory building
5.1 Smart city standards identification
5.1.1 Guiding principles
The critical first step of city standards mapping is to identify relevant standards, noting these
can number hundreds or even thousands worldwide. Identification should follow a smart city
"standard" structure model described in Figure 2.
When developing the basic structure for the inventory model, common goals need to be
abstracted to address the governance lifecycle of city level operational management. This then
ensures consideration for the system development lifecycle across a smart city.
The model then identifies city services needed to lead and manage a smart city. Then common
service delivery best practice methods can be identified and harmonized, recognizing the
possibility that each operates in its own silo.
The model then lists inter- and intra-collaboration methods that can create horizontal linkages
between service delivery silos. Stakeholders will take benefit from the created links. The
corresponding linkages should be traced in service management (Figure 2).
Figure 2 – A basic structure for smart city standards inventory
– Principle 1: Lifecycle of smart city evolution
Principle 1 derives from consideration of time-dimension of a city.
Cities are typically governed and evolve by following a lifecycle process of city design,
development and operation which involves the engagement of multiple stakeholders to
identify requirements and needs and deliver to expected outcomes. This level of prescriptive
governance can vary but should ideally align to best practice standards and be one that is
repeatable as cities evolve.
Governance covers all the stages from planning to maintenance. A typical set of governance
is a hierarchy of directives, policies, corporate standards and guidelines.
– Principle 2: City structure
Principle 2 derives from consideration of space-dimension of a city.
A smart city is a complicated system. It is a "system of systems", containing a variety of
vertical domains that co-exist alongside and in certain cases between one another.
Physical city structures and characteristics are expensive, disruptive and time consuming
to change. Any physical constraints need to be factored into evolutionary thinking.
City-level standards provide a city-wide perspective, whilst vertical-level standards consider
specific domains such as a service the city consumes such as utilities.
Vertical domains have points of interconnection to cooperate horizontally across cities.
These interconnects are facilitated by designing communications protocols that are open
between trusted service platforms to share data, processes and controls in secure ways that
are either mutually beneficial or benefit the city as a whole.
Commonalities within domains are common characteristics that are either required for
compliance or are deemed to be expected best practice or a cultural norm such as approach
to use and promotion of digital data and services, occupational health and safety standards,
building development standards, financial audit and risk acceptance and regulatory
compliance.
– 10 – IEC SRD 63233-1:2022 © IEC 2022
5.1.2 Criteria for smart city standards
A smart city is viewed as "a system of systems" in order to translate complexity into
understandable, structured best practice-based standards.
a) Common smart city descriptors
A set of reference standards and templates that describe a smart city and typical design
and operation using terminology, framework, architecture, etc.
b) City-wide standards
A set of standards on city-wide administration best practice, for example, governance,
design, development, operation, management and maintenance.
These can include city-wide goals for quality of life, service delivery, sustainability and
resilience standards following a traditional lifecycle of governance, planning, management,
operation and maintenance.
c) Smart city cross boundary service exchange standards
A set of standards on system communication and control for secure and trusted data
exchange and the interoperability or integration, or both, of systems for mutual benefit or
the benefit of some or all parts of a city. For example, adopting open standards for data
model, formats and protocols for interoperability between systems.
d) Standards supporting a system in a smart city
A set of standards specific to one system that operates within a smart city system, for
example, smart grid, smart transportation, smart water.
These standards define requirements to support the system and ideally align to broader
smart city goals.
5.1.3 Correlation analysis method
Based on the whole structure of the established basic model and the existing smart city terms
and concepts widely recognized by SDOs, the semantic searching keywords for inventory can
be extracted. The searching keywords can be used to form the queries to identify the smart city
related standards. The existing architectures and maps proposed by some SDOs can also be
used to modify the keywords system. An example is given in Annex A. The criteria to judge
what standards are included in the smart city standards inventory are given in 5.1.2.
5.1.4 Use case based method
5.1.4.1 General
Use case method can be used to outline typical scenarios that a role can experience when
interacting with a system to achieve a specific goal. It is good for expressing requirements at a
high level with real-life relevance. Following the methodology given in IEC 62559-2, the
procedure to identify reference standards is displayed as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 – Procedure to identify relevant standards using use case analysis
5.1.4.2 Identify the use case scenario
A use case scenario includes settings, actions, plots and events. Some information might be
needed to characterize and outline it, like area or domain or zone, name, primary actors, and
conditions.
5.1.4.3 Develop user story
Within a scenario, it is possible to create a user story to specify users' interactions with
particular aspects of the system. The point of developing user stories is to create simple and
short stories about a user's interaction with the system. User stories are usually created to
ensure a representation of actors' goals and requirements of the system. The common template
for user stories looks as follows:
As a , I want so that
The "so that " part is optional but can serve the purpose of highlighting the end
user's motivation and the end goal of the interaction with the system.
5.1.4.4 Transform user story into high-level use cases
A high-level use case describes an innovative, abstract function without including the actual
technical details. The goal of performing this transformation is to learn the priority needs for
smart city. The needs could be summarized by actors' goals and system requirements. To be
detailed, high-level use cases might comprise information like area, scope, objectives, actor list,
pre-conditions, steps, post-conditions, etc.
5.1.4.5 Extract system requirements from use case summaries
Translate abstract summaries into specific functional and non-functional system requirement
statements to accurately articulate the target need. For example, "The system shall …".
5.1.4.6 List supporting capabilities
List the capabilities supporting the realization of system requirements.
– 12 – IEC SRD 63233-1:2022 © IEC 2022
5.1.4.7 Identify standards relevant to the system requirements
List the reference standards used in this use case.
5.1.4.8 Select standards most relevant to supporting the smart city enablers or
"system of systems" concept, or both
Smart city use cases and reference standards can vary from specific to partially linking use of
a particular device to a smart city domain.
To restrict
...
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