IEC 61788-8:2010
(Main)Superconductivity - Part 8: AC loss measurements - Total AC loss measurement of round superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field at liquid helium temperature by a pickup coil method
Superconductivity - Part 8: AC loss measurements - Total AC loss measurement of round superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field at liquid helium temperature by a pickup coil method
IEC 61788-8:2010 specifies the measurement method of total AC losses by the pickup coil method in composite superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field. The losses may contain hysteresis, coupling and eddy current losses. The standard method to measure only the hysteresis loss in DC or low-sweep-rate magnetic field is specified in IEC 61788-13. In metallic and oxide round superconducting wires expected to be mainly used for pulsed coil and AC coil applications, AC loss is generated by the application of time-varying magnetic field and/or current. The contribution of the magnetic field to the AC loss is predominant in usual electromagnetic configurations of the coil applications. For the superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field, the present method can be generally used in measurements of the total AC loss in a wide range of frequency up to the commercial level, 50/60 Hz, at liquid helium temperature. For the superconducting wires with fine filaments, the AC loss measured with the present method can be divided into the hysteresis loss in the individual filaments, the coupling loss among the filaments and the eddy current loss in the normal conducting parts. In cases where the wires do not have a thick outer normal conducting sheath, the main components are the hysteresis loss and the coupling loss by estimating the former part as an extrapolated level of the AC loss per cycle to zero frequency in the region of lower frequency, where the coupling loss per cycle is proportional to the frequency. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The main changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
- extending the applications of the pickup coil method to the a.c. loss measurements in metallic and oxide superconducting wires with a round cross section at liquid helium temperature,
- using the word "uncertainty" for all quantitative (associated with a number) statistical expressions and eliminating the quantitative use of "precision" and "accuracy". Key words: superconductivity, TC90
Supraconductivité - Partie 8: Mesure des pertes en courant alternatif - Mesure de la perte totale en courant alternatif des fils supraconducteurs ronds exposés à un champ magnétique alternatif transverse par une méthode par bobines de détection
L'IEC 61788-8:2010 spécifie la méthode de mesure par bobines de détection des pertes totales en courant alternatif des fils supraconducteurs composites exposés à un champ magnétique alternatif transverse. Les pertes peuvent contenir des pertes par hystérésis et des pertes par courants de Foucault. La méthode normalisée permettant de mesurer uniquement les pertes par hystérésis en courant continu ou en champ magnétique à faible vitesse de balayage est spécifiée dans la CEI 61788-13. Dans les fils supraconducteurs ronds métalliques et en oxyde dont la principale utilisation attendue concerne les applications avec bobines pulsées et bobines en courant alternatif, les pertes en courant alternatif sont générées par application d'un champ magnétique et/ou d'un courant variables dans le temps. La contribution du champ magnétique aux pertes en courant alternatif est prédominante dans les configurations électromagnétiques habituelles des applications avec bobines. Pour les fils supraconducteurs exposés à un champ magnétique alternatif transverse, la présente méthode peut généralement être utilisée dans les mesures des pertes totales en courant alternatif dans une large gamme de fréquences allant jusqu'aux fréquences de distribution à 50/60 Hz, à la température de l'hélium liquide. Pour les fils supraconducteurs avec des filaments fins, les pertes en courant alternatif mesurées avec la présente méthode peuvent être divisées en pertes par hystérésis dans chacun des filaments, pertes par couplage entre les filaments et pertes par courants de Foucault dans les parties conductrices normales. Lorsque les fils ne comportent pas de gaine conductrice normale externe épaisse, les principales composantes sont les pertes par hystérésis et les pertes par couplage en estimant la première partie comme un niveau extrapolé des pertes en courant alternatif par cycle jusqu'à la fréquence nulle dans la région des fréquences inférieures, les pertes par couplage par cycle étant proportionnelles à la fréquence. Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2003, dont elle constitue une révision technique. Les principales modifications par rapport à l'édition précédente sont:
- l'extension des applications de la méthode par bobines de détection aux mesures des pertes en courant alternatif dans les fils supraconducteurs métalliques et en oxyde avec une section transversale ronde à la température de l'hélium liquide; et
- l'utilisation du mot "incertitude" pour les expressions statistique en lieu et place du mot "précision". Mots clé: supraconductivité, TC90
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IEC 61788-8 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Superconductivity –
Part 8: AC loss measurements – Total AC loss measurement of round
superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field
at liquid helium temperature by a pickup coil method
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IEC 61788-8 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Superconductivity –
Part 8: AC loss measurements – Total AC loss measurement of round
superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field
at liquid helium temperature by a pickup coil method
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
V
ICS 17.220 ISBN 978-2-88912-007-9
– 2 – 61788-8 © IEC:2010(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
INTRODUCTION.6
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references .7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Principle .9
5 Apparatus.10
5.1 Testing apparatus .10
5.2 Pickup coils .10
5.3 Compensation circuit.10
6 Specimen preparation.11
6.1 Coiled specimen.11
6.1.1 Winding of specimen .11
6.1.2 Configuration of coiled specimen .11
6.1.3 Maximum bending strain.11
6.1.4 Treatment of terminal cross section of specimen .11
6.2 Specimen coil form.11
7 Testing conditions .11
7.1 External applied magnetic field.11
7.1.1 Amplitude of applied field .11
7.1.2 Direction of applied field .11
7.1.3 Waveform of applied field .12
7.1.4 Frequency of applied field .12
7.1.5 Uniformity of applied field .12
7.2 Setting of the specimen.12
7.3 Measurement temperature.12
7.4 Test procedure .12
7.4.1 Compensation .12
7.4.2 Measurement of background loss .12
7.4.3 Loss measurement .13
7.4.4 Calibration.13
8 Calculation of results .13
8.1 Amplitude of applied magnetic field .13
8.2 Magnetization.13
8.3 Magnetization curve .14
8.4 AC loss .14
8.5 Hysteresis loss.14
8.6 Coupling loss and coupling time constant [5,6] .14
9 Uncertainty.14
9.1 General .14
9.2 Uncertainty of measurement apparatus .15
9.3 Uncertainty of applied field .15
9.4 Uncertainty of measurement temperature .15
10 Test report.15
10.1 Identification of specimen.15
61788-8 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –
10.2 Configuration of coiled specimen.15
10.3 Testing conditions .16
10.4 Results.16
10.5 Measurement apparatus .16
10.5.1 Pickup coils .16
10.5.2 Measurement system.17
Annex A (informative) Additional information relating to Clauses 1 to 10 .19
Annex B (informative) Explanation of AC loss measurement with Poynting’s vector [10] .21
Annex C (informative) Estimation of geometrical error in the pickup coil method .22
Annex D (informative) Recommended method for calibration of magnetization and AC
loss.23
Annex E (informative) Coupling loss for various types of applied magnetic field.25
Annex F (informative) Uncertainty considerations .26
Annex G (informative) Evaluation of uncertainty in AC loss measurement by pickup coil
method [13] .31
Bibliography.34
Figure 1 – Standard arrangement of the specimen and pickup coils .17
Figure 2 – A typical electrical circuit for AC loss measurement by pickup coils.18
Figure C.1 − Examples of calculated contour line map of the coefficient G.22
Figure D.1 – Evaluation of critical field from magnetization curves .24
Figure E.1 – Waveforms of applied magnetic field with a period T = 1/f.25
Table F.1 – Output signals from two nominally identical extensometers .27
Table F.2 – Mean values of two output signals.27
Table F.3 – Experimental standard deviations of two output signals.27
Table F.4 – Standard uncertainties of two output signals .28
Table F.5 – Coefficient of variations of two output signals.28
Table G.1 – Propagation of relative uncertainty in the pickup coil method (α = 0,5).33
– 4 – 61788-8 © IEC:2010(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
__________
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY –
Part 8: AC loss measurements –
Total AC loss measurement of round
superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating
magnetic field at liquid helium temperature by a pickup coil method
FOREWORD
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...
IEC 61788-8 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Superconductivity –
Part 8: AC loss measurements – Total AC loss measurement of round
superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field
at liquid helium temperature by a pickup coil method
Supraconductivité –
Partie 8 : Mesure des pertes en courant alternatif – Mesure de la perte totale en
courant alternatif des fils supraconducteurs ronds exposés à un champ
magnétique alternatif transverse par une méthode par bobines de détection
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 61788-8 ®
Edition 2.0 2010-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Superconductivity –
Part 8: AC loss measurements – Total AC loss measurement of round
superconducting wires exposed to a transverse alternating magnetic field
at liquid helium temperature by a pickup coil method
Supraconductivité –
Partie 8 : Mesure des pertes en courant alternatif – Mesure de la perte totale en
courant alternatif des fils supraconducteurs ronds exposés à un champ
magnétique alternatif transverse par une méthode par bobines de détection
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX V
ICS 17.220 ISBN 978-2-8322-1467-1
– 2 – IEC 61788-8:2010 © IEC 2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Principle . 9
5 Apparatus . 10
5.1 Testing apparatus . 10
5.2 Pickup coils . 10
5.3 Compensation circuit . 10
6 Specimen preparation. 11
6.1 Coiled specimen . 11
6.1.1 Winding of specimen . 11
6.1.2 Configuration of coiled specimen . 11
6.1.3 Maximum bending strain . 11
6.1.4 Treatment of terminal cross section of specimen . 11
6.2 Specimen coil form . 11
7 Testing conditions . 11
7.1 External applied magnetic field . 11
7.1.1 Amplitude of applied field . 11
7.1.2 Direction of applied field . 11
7.1.3 Waveform of applied field . 12
7.1.4 Frequency of applied field . 12
7.1.5 Uniformity of applied field . 12
7.2 Setting of the specimen . 12
7.3 Measurement temperature . 12
7.4 Test procedure . 12
7.4.1 Compensation . 12
7.4.2 Measurement of background loss . 12
7.4.3 Loss measurement . 13
7.4.4 Calibration . 13
8 Calculation of results . 13
8.1 Amplitude of applied magnetic field . 13
8.2 Magnetization . 13
8.3 Magnetization curve . 14
8.4 AC loss . 14
8.5 Hysteresis loss . 14
8.6 Coupling loss and coupling time constant [5,6] . 14
9 Uncertainty . 14
9.1 General . 14
9.2 Uncertainty of measurement apparatus . 15
9.3 Uncertainty of applied field . 15
9.4 Uncertainty of measurement temperature . 15
10 Test report. 15
10.1 Identification of specimen . 15
10.2 Configuration of coiled specimen . 15
10.3 Testing conditions . 16
10.4 Results . 16
10.5 Measurement apparatus . 16
10.5.1 Pickup coils . 16
10.5.2 Measurement system . 17
Annex A (informative) Additional information relating to Clauses 1 to 10 . 19
Annex B (informative) Explanation of AC loss measurement with Poynting’s vector [10] . 21
Annex C (informative) Estimation of geometrical error in the pickup coil method . 22
Annex D (informative) Recommended method for calibration of magnetization and AC
loss . 23
Annex E (informative) Coupling loss for various types of applied magnetic field . 25
Annex F (informative) Uncertainty considerations . 26
Annex G (informative) Evaluation of uncertainty in AC loss measurement by pickup coil
method [13] . 31
Bibliography . 34
Figure 1 – Standard arrangement of the specimen and pickup coils . 17
Figure 2 – A typical electrical circuit for AC loss measurement by
...
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