IEC 61000-4-23:2016

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques - Test methods for protective devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbances

IEC 61000-4-23:2016(E) provides a protective devices test method for HEMP and other radiated disturbances. It is primarily intended for HEMP testing but can be applied to other externally generated radiated disturbances where appropriate. It provides a brief description of the most important concepts for testing of shielding elements. For each test, the following basic information is provided:
- theoretical foundation of the test (the test concepts);
- test set-up including outside-to-in and inside-to-out measurements;
- required equipment;
- test procedures;
- data processing.
This international standard does not provide information on requirements for specific levels for testing. Due to the available space, a transmitting antenna position outside the barrier has mainly been suggested. However, nowadays, many EMP protection facilities in practical use do not actually have enough space available outside the electromagnetic barrier due to physical constraints such as concrete walls or soil to allow the method described in IEC 61000-4-23:2000 (edition 1) to be applied correctly. From experience many facilities have available space for a 1 m separation or less only. Therefore, in many practical cases it is not possible to measure shielding effectiveness according to the test method of previous documents. The constructors for EMP protection facilities are also unwilling to build facilities with extra space for measurements with the transmitting antenna outside the barrier due to the great expense and inefficiency of the operational working area for new or existing buildings. This document provides additionally a method that allows the transmitting antenna to be placed inside the enclosure and the receiving antenna outside the barrier ('inside-to-out' method). Annex F includes test set-up and procedure examples. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2000. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) updates to the shielding effectiveness (SE) test method in Clause 5;
b) a new Annex F describing methods for testing 'inside-to-out' has been added.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-Oct-2016
• ICS: 01 - GENERALITIES. TERMINOLOGY. STANDARDIZATION. DOCUMENTATION
• ICS: 33.100.99 - Other aspects related to EMC
• Technical Committee: SC 77C - High power transient phenomena
• Drafting Committee: MT 61000-4-23 - TC 77/SC 77C/MT 61000-4-23
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 30-Sep-2016
• Completion Date: 20-Oct-2016

Relations

• Revises: IEC 61000-4-23:2000 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques - Test methods for protective devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbances
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 61000-4-23 ®
Edition 2.0 2016-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques – Test methods for protective
devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbances

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IEC 61000-4-23 ®
Edition 2.0 2016-10
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
BASIC EMC PUBLICATION
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –

Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques – Test methods for protective

devices for HEMP and other radiated disturbances

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.100.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-3687-1

– 2 – IEC 61000-4-23:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 HEMP test concepts . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.2 Testing of shielding enclosures . 16
4.2.1 General . 16
4.2.2 Buildings . 19
4.2.3 Shelters and shielded rooms . 20
4.2.4 Cabinets, racks and boxes . 21
4.3 Testing of shielded cables and connectors . 23
4.3.1 General . 23
4.3.2 Testing of cable shields . 23
4.3.3 Testing of cable connectors . 26
4.4 Testing of shielding materials . 27
4.4.1 General . 27
4.4.2 Conducting gaskets . 27
4.4.3 Conducting sheets and screens . 29
4.4.4 Cut-off waveguides and honeycombs . 32
4.5 Summary of test concepts . 33
5 Test methods for measuring the shielding effectiveness of HEMP protection
facilities . 34
5.1 General . 34
5.2 Electromagnetic field testing . 34
5.2.1 General . 34
5.2.2 Pulse field testing . 34
5.2.3 CW field testing . 40
5.3 Current injection test procedures . 55
5.3.1 General . 55
5.3.2 Injection testing of enclosures . 55
5.3.3 Transfer impedance and admittance of cable shields and connectors . 57
5.3.4 Testing of gasket material . 57
Annex A (informative) HEMP test concepts for electrical systems . 60
A.1 Overview. 60
A.2 Types of HEMP tests . 60
A.2.1 General . 60
A.2.2 System-level transient tests . 60
A.2.3 CW field illumination tests . 61
A.2.4 Current injection testing . 61
A.2.5 Partial illumination testing . 62
A.2.6 Subsystem and component testing . 62
A.3 Definition of the testing interface . 63
A.4 Use of test data . 65
A.4.1 General . 65

A.4.2 Acceptance of new systems . 65
A.4.3 System assessments . 65
A.4.4 Hardness surveillance monitoring . 65
A.4.5 System design . 65
A.5 Testing uncertainties . 66
Annex B (informative) Characterization of shielded cables . 67
B.1 Fundamentals of cable shielding . 67
B.2 Definitions of transfer impedance and transfer admittance . 68
B.3 Relative significance of Z′ and Y′ . 71
t t
Annex C (informative) Equipment for HEMP pulse measurements . 72
C.1 General . 72
C.2 Sensors for HEMP measurements . 72
C.2.1 B- and H-field sensors . 72
C.2.2 D- and E-field sensors . 74
C.2.3 Current sensors . 76
C.3 Signal transmission . 77
C.3.1 General . 77
C.3.2 Fibre optic links . 77
C.3.3 Fibre optic transducers . 78
C.4 Signal detection and processing . 78
Annex D (informative) Equipment for CW testing . 80
D.1 General . 80
D.2 Antenna system . 80
D.3 Power amplifier . 82
D.4 Receiver (network analyser). 83
D.5 Reference and response sensors . 83
D.6 Fibre optic system . 85
D.7 Limitations of measurements . 88
Annex E (informative) Characterization of a planar shield for HEMP protection . 89
E.1 General . 89
E.2 Problem geometry . 90
E.3 Equivalent circuit representation . 91
E.3.1 General . 91
E.3.2 Chain parameter representation of the shield . 92
E.3.3 Circuit responses . 93
Annex F (informative) Inside-to-out measurement method . 97
F.1 Purpose . 97
F.2 Comparison of existing SE test methods . 97
F.3 Inside-to-out SE test of shielded rooms . 98
F.3.1 Measurements of the inside-to-out SE . 98
F.3.2 Summary . 101
Bibliography . 102

Figure 1 – Example of measured magnitude and phase of the transfer function
T(ω) = H /H for a shielded enclosure . 17
in out
Figure 2 – Electric field and magnetic field shielding effectiveness of a 0,5 mm thick
aluminum enclosure [29] . 18
Figure 3 – Measured magnetic field shielding effectiveness SE for a building . 19
H
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...