IEC 60825-2:2004
(Main)Safety of laser products - Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Safety of laser products - Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). In these systems optical power may be accessible outside the confinements of transmitting equipment or at great distance from the optical source. This Part 2 requires the assessment of hazard levels at accessible locations as a replacement for classification according to IEC 60825-1. It applies to the complete installed end-to-end OFCS, including its components and subassemblies that generate or amplify optical radiation. Individual components and subassemblies that are sold only to OEM vendors for incorporation into a complete installed end-to-end OFCS need not be assessed to this standard, since the final OFCS should itself be assessed according to this standard. The objective of this Part 2 of IEC 60825 is to:
- protect people from optical radiation resulting from OFCS;
- provide requirements for manufacturers, installation organizations, service organizations and operating organizations in order to establish procedures and supply information so that proper precautions can be adopted;
- ensure adequate warnings are provided to individuals regarding the potential hazards associated with OFCS through the use of signs, labels and instructions.
The contents of the interpretation sheet 1 of April 2008 and 2 of June 2018 have been included in this copy.
Sécurité des appareils à laser - Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par fibres optiques (STFO)
Donne des exigences et des directives spécifiques pour l'exploitation et la maintenance en toute sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par fibres optiques (STFO. OFCS en Anglais). Dans ces systèmes, la puissance optique peut être accessible en dehors des confinements des équipements d'émission ou à grande distance de la source optique. Cette Partie 2 nécessite l'évaluation des niveaux de risque dans les zones accessibles en remplacement de la classification selon la CEI 60825-1. Elle s'applique à l'intégralité du STFO complet tel qu'il est installé, y compris à ses composants et à ses sous-ensembles qui génèrent ou amplifient le rayonnement optique. Les composants individuels et les sous-ensembles qui sont vendus aux seuls vendeurs OEM en vue de leur incorporation dans un STFO complet installé n'ont pas besoin d'être évalués selon cette norme dans la mesure où le STFO devrait l'être lui-même. L'objectif de cette Partie 2 de la CEI 60825 est de:
- protéger les personnes contre le rayonnement optique provenant d'un STFO.
- fournir des exigences à l'usage des fabricants, des organismes d'installation, d'entretien et d'exploitation, dans le but d'établir des procédures et de fournir des informations, de telle sorte que des précautions appropriées puissent être prises;
- garantir que des mises en garde adaptées, concernant les risques potentiels liés au STFO, sont données aux individus par le biais d'une signalisation, d'étiquettes et d'instructions.
Le contenu des feuilles d'interprétation 1 d'avril 2008 et 2 de juin 2018 a été pris en considération dans cet exemplaire.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60825-2
Third edition
2004-06
Safety of laser products –
Part 2:
Safety of optical fibre communication
systems (OFCS)
Reference number
Publication numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
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edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the
base publication incorporating amendment 1 and the base publication incorporating
amendments 1 and 2.
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INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60825-2
Third edition
2004-06
Safety of laser products –
Part 2:
Safety of optical fibre communication
systems (OFCS)
© IEC 2004 ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
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International Electrotechnical Commission
Международная Электротехническая Комиссия
For price, see current catalogue
Publication IEC 60825-2 (Third edition – 2004 and its amendment 1 – 2006) I-SH 01
Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by TC 76: Optical radiation safety and laser
equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
ISH Report on voting
76/376/ISH 76/380/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
___________
Due to the inconsistency between the new IEC 60825-1:2007 and the current IEC 60825-2,
the previous edition of IEC 60825-1 (IEC 60825-1:1993 and its amendment 1 (1997) and
amendment 2 (2001)) should be used for calculating or measuring hazard levels of optical
fibre communication systems using IEC 60825-2:2004, incorporating amendment 1:2006.
This instruction will remain valid until a new version of IEC 60825-2 is published.
___________
April 2008
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60825-2
Edition 3.0 2004-06
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
INTERPRETATION SHEET 2
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76: Optical radiation
safety and laser equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
76/599/FDIS 76/606/RVDISH
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
___________
IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 (2014) introduced a new formula for C between 1 200 nm and
1 400 nm. This formula significantly increases the AEL of class 1 in this wavelength range.
The new formula for C in IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 should not be used within IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2
(2010) because it may lead to excessive power limits, for example within Hazard Level 1.
Note e) to Table A.1 of IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 states that: “In the wavelength range between
1 250 nm and 1 400 nm, the limits to protect the retina given in this table may not adequately
protect the anterior parts of the eye (cornea, iris) and caution needs to be exercised. There is
no concern for the anterior parts of the eye if the exposure does not exceed the skin MPE
values.”
IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2 Clause 2 (normative references) contains a dated reference to
IEC 60825-1:2007 in which the correction factor C was set equal to 8 within the wavelength
range of 1 200 nm to 1 400 nm. This dated reference in the normative references section is
technically sufficient for the correct interpretation of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2, even though
undated references to IEC 60825-1 occur in other clauses. This interpretation sheet is
therefore provided as an additional warning and prompt for users of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2.
Accordingly, within the wavelength range 1 200 nm to 1 400 nm the formula C = 8 is still to
be used within all affected clauses of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2.
ICS 31.260; 33.180.01
– 2 – IEC 60825-2:2004/ISH2:2018 IEC 2018
This interpretation sheet will remain valid until a new edition of IEC 60825-2 is published.
NOTE Exposure limits for the eye and the skin of employees in the workplace and the general public are in many
countries specified in national laws. These legally-binding national exposure limits might differ from the MPEs
given in the informative Annex A of IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0.
– 2 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope and object.6
2 Normative references.7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Requirements.10
4.1 General.10
4.2 Protective housing of OFCS.10
4.3 Fibre cables.10
4.4 Cable connectors.10
4.5 Automatic power reduction (APR) and restart pulses .11
4.6 Labelling or marking.12
4.7 Organizational requirements .13
4.8 Assessment of hazard level .15
4.9 Hazard level requirements by location type .16
Annex A (informative) Rationale .17
Annex B (informative) Summary of requirements at locations in OFCS .18
Annex C (informative) Methods of hazard/safety analysis .19
Annex D (informative) Application notes for the safe use of OFCS .20
Annex E (informative) Guidance for service and maintenance .44
Annex F (informative) Clarification of the meaning of “hazard level” .47
Bibliography .49
Figure D.1 – PON (passive optical network)-based system .30
Figure D.2 – Simple laser drive circuit .32
Figure D.3 – Risk graph example from IEC 61508-5 Clause D.5.35
Figure D.4 – Graph of FIT rate and mean time to repair .38
Table D.1 – OFCS power limits for 11 µm single mode (SM) fibres and 0,18 numerical
aperture multimode (MM) fibres (core diameter < 150 µm) .23
Table D.2 – Relation between the number of fibres in a ribbon fibre and the maximum
permitted power (example).29
Table D.3 – Identification of components and failure modes (example).32
Table D.4 – Beta values (example).33
Table D.5 – Determination of failure rates (example) .34
Table D.6 – Consequence classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1.35
Table D.7 – Frequency classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .36
Table D.8 – Possibility of avoiding hazard classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .36
Table D.9 – Classification of the probability of the unwanted occurrence from
IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .36
Table D.10 – Modes of operation – Definitions from IEC 61508-4, 3.5.12 .37
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 3 –
Table D.11 – SIL Values from IEC 61508-1, 7.6.2.9 .37
Table D.12 – Determination of equipment monitoring classification .39
Table D.13 – FIT rates from example above .40
Table D.14 – Examples of power limits for OFCS having automatic power reduction to
reduce emissions to a lower hazard level .43
– 4 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60825-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76:
Optical radiation safety and laser equipment
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2000. It constitutes a
technical revision to bring the hazard level nomenclature used in this document into
correspondence with the revised classification system introduced in IEC 60825-1(2001).
Additionally, the standard has been thoroughly revised throughout.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
76/288/FDIS 76/293/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 5 –
IEC 60825 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of laser products:
Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Part 3: Guidance for laser displays and shows
Part 4: Laser guards
Part 5: Manufacturer's checklist for IEC 60825-1
Part 6: Safety of products with optical sources, exclusively used for visible information
transmission to the human eye
Part 7: Safety of products emitting infrared optical radiation, exclusively used for wireless
'free air' data transmission and surveillance
Part 8: Guidelines for the safe use of medical laser equipment
Part 9: Compilation of maximum permissible exposure to incoherent optical radiation
Part 10: Application guidelines and explanatory notes to IEC 60825-1
Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems used for transmission of
information
Part 14: A user’s guide
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this standard may be published at a later date.
The contents of the interpretation sheets 1 (April 2008) and 2 (June 2018) have been included in this
copy.
– 6 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
1 Scope and object
This Part 2 of IEC 60825 provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation
and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). In these systems optical
power may be accessible outside the confinements of transmitting equipment or at great
distance from the optical source.
This Part 2 requires the assessment of hazard levels at accessible locations as a replacement
for classification according to IEC 60825-1. It applies to the complete installed end-to-end
OFCS, including its components and subassemblies that generate or amplify optical radiation.
Individual components and subassemblies that are sold only to OEM vendors for incorporation
into a complete installed end-to-end OFCS need not be assessed to this standard, since the
final OFCS should itself be assessed according to this standard.
NOTE The above statement is not intended to prevent manufacturers of such components and subassemblies
from using this standard if they wish to do so, or are required to do so by contract.
This standard does not apply to optical fibre systems primarily designed to transmit optical
power for applications such as material processing or medical treatment.
In addition to the hazards resulting from laser radiation, OFCS may also give rise to other
hazards, such as fire.
This standard does not address safety issues associated with explosion or fire with respect to
OFCS deployed in explosive atmospheres.
Throughout this part of IEC 60825, a reference to ‘laser’ is taken to include light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) and optical amplifiers.
The objective of this Part 2 of IEC 60825 is to:
– protect people from optical radiation resulting from OFCS;
– provide requirements for manufacturers, installation organizations, service organizations
and operating organizations in order to establish procedures and supply information so
that proper precautions can be adopted;
– ensure adequate warnings are provided to individuals regarding the potential hazards
associated with OFCS through the use of signs, labels and instructions.
Annex A gives a more detailed rationale for this part of IEC 60825.
The safety of an OFCS depends to a significant degree on the characteristics of the
equipment forming that system. Depending on the characteristics of the equipment, it may be
necessary to mark safety relevant information on the product or include it within the
instructions for use.
Where required by the level of potential hazard, it places the responsibility for the safe
deployment and use of these systems on the installer or end-user / operating organization or
both. This standard places the responsibility for adherence to safety instructions during
installation and service operations on the installation organization and service organizations
as appropriate, and operation and maintenance functions on the end-user or Operating
organization. It is recognised that the user of this standard may fall into one or more of the
aforementioned categories of manufacturer, installation organization, end-user or operating
organization.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 7 –
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and
1)
user's guide
Amendment 1 (1997)
Amendment 2 (2001)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions contained in IEC 60825-1 as well
as the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accessible location
any part or location within an OFCS at which, under reasonably foreseeable events, human
access to laser radiation is possible without the use of a tool
3.2
automatic power reduction (APR)
a feature of an OFCS by which the accessible power is reduced to a specified level within a
specified time, whenever there is an event which could result in human exposure to radiation,
e.g. a fibre cable break
NOTE The term “automatic power reduction” (APR) used in this standard encompasses the following terms used
in recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union ITU:
– automatic laser shutdown (ALS);
– automatic power reduction (APR);
– automatic power shutdown (APSD).
3.3
end-user
person or organization using the OFCS in the manner the system was designed to be used
NOTE 1 The end-user cannot necessarily control the power generated and transmitted within the system.
NOTE 2 If the person or organization is using the OFCS for a communications application in a manner other than
as designed by the manufacturer, then that person/organization assumes the responsibilities of a manufacturer or
installation organization.
3.4
hazard level
the potential hazard at any accessible location within an OFCS. It is based on the level of
optical radiation which could become accessible in a reasonably foreseeable event, e.g. a
fibre cable break. It is closely related to the laser classification procedure in IEC 60825-1
3.5
hazard level 1
hazard level 1 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under
reasonably foreseeable events, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur
___________
1)
A consolidated edition 1.2 exists including IEC 60825-1 (1993) and its Amendment 1 (1997) and Amendment 2
(2001).
– 8 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
3.6
hazard level 1M
hazard level 1M is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur,
whereby the level of radiation is measured with the measurement conditions for Class 1M
laser products (see IEC 60825-1)
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M is larger than the limit of 2 or 3R and less than the limit of 3B,
hazard level 1M is allocated.
3.7
hazard level 2
hazard level 2 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 2 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M is larger than the limit of 2 and less than the limit of 3B, hazard
level 1M is allocated.
3.8
hazard level 2M
hazard level 2M is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 2 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur,
whereby the level of radiation is measured with the measurement conditions for Class 2M
laser products (see IEC 60825-1)
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 2M is larger than the limit of 3R and less than the limit of 3B, hazard
level 2M is allocated.
3.9
hazard level 3R
hazard level 3R is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3R for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not
occur
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M or 2M is larger than the limit of 3R and less than the limit of 3B,
hazard level 1M or 2M is allocated.
3.10
hazard level 3B
hazard level 3B is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3B for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not
occur
3.11
hazard level 4
hazard level 4 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3B for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration may occur
NOTE This standard is applicable for the operation and maintenance of OFCS. In order to achieve an adequate
level of safety for persons who may come into contact with the optical transmission path, hazard level 4 is not
permitted within this standard. It is permitted to use protection systems, such as automatic power reduction, to
achieve the required hazard level where the transmitted power under normal operating conditions (e.g. no fault
exists in the fibre path) exceeds that permitted for a particular location type. For instance, it is possible for
accessible parts of an OFCS to be hazard level 1 even though the power transmitted down the fibre under normal
operating conditions is Class 4.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 9 –
3.12
installation organization
an organization or individual that is responsible for the installation of an OFCS
3.13
location with controlled access; controlled location
an accessible location where an engineering or administrative control is present to make it
inaccessible, except to authorized personnel with appropriate laser safety training
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 a).
3.14
location with restricted access; restricted location
an accessible location that is normally inaccessible by the general public by means of any
administrative or engineering control measure but that is accessible to authorized personnel
who may not have laser safety training
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 b).
3.15
location with unrestricted access; unrestricted location
an accessible location where there are no measures restricting access to members of the
general public
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 c).
3.16
manufacturer
organization or individual that assembles optical devices and other components in order to
construct or modify an OFCS
3.17
operating organization
organization or individual that is responsible for the operation of an OFCS
3.18
optical fibre communication system (OFCS)
an engineered, end-to-end assembly for the generation, transfer and reception of optical
radiation arising from lasers, LEDs or optical amplifiers, in which the transference is by means
of optical fibre for communication and/or control purposes
3.19
reasonably foreseeable event
an event the occurrence of which under given circumstances can be predicted fairly
accurately, and the occurrence probability or frequency of which is not low or very low
NOTE Examples of reasonably foreseeable events might include the following: fibre cable break, optical
connector disconnection, operator error or inattention to safe working practices.
Reckless use or use for completely inappropriate purposes is not considered as a reasonably foreseeable event.
3.20
service organization
an organization or individual that is responsible for the servicing of an OFCS
3.21
subassembly
any discrete unit, subsystem, network element, or module of an OFCS which contains an
optical emitter or optical amplifier
– 10 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
4 Requirements
4.1 General
This section defines the restrictions that are to be placed on an OFCS and on the location
types in which an OFCS can operate, in accordance with the hazard that arises from optical
radiation becoming accessible as a result of a reasonably foreseeable event. Whenever one
or more alterations are made to an OFCS, the organization responsible for that alteration
shall make a determination of whether each alteration could affect the hazard level. If the
hazard level has changed, the organization responsible for the alteration(s) shall re-label
those locations in the system that are accessible so as to ensure continued compliance with
this standard.
Each accessible location within an OFCS shall be separately assessed to determine the
hazard level at that location. Where multiple communications systems are present at a
location, the hazard level for the location shall be the highest of the levels arising from each
of those systems. Based on the hazard level determined, appropriate actions shall be taken to
ensure compliance with this standard. These actions could for example involve restriction of
access to the location, or the implementation of safety features or redesign of the optical
communications system to reduce the hazard level.
Suppliers of active components and subassemblies in conformance with this standard that do
not comprise an OFCS need to comply only with the applicable portions of Clause 4.
OFCS that also transmit electrical power shall meet the requirements of this standard in
addition to any applicable electrical standard.
NOTE When determining the hazard level, two characteristics have to be taken into account.
1) What is the maximum permissible exposure (MPE)? The level of exposure must be determined at a location
where it is reasonably foreseeable that a person could be exposed to radiation coming from the OFCS. The time
taken for the APR system (if present) to operate must be included when determining the MPE. If the OFCS does
not incorporate APR, then meeting the requirements referred to in Note 2 below will be taken as automatically
meeting the requirements of this Note 1 without further investigation or tests. Requirements are described in 4.8.2.
2) What is the maximum permitted power at which the OFCS can operate after a reasonable foreseeable event
(such as a fibre-break) has caused the radiation to become accessible? This maximum power value could be lower
than the normal operating power in the fibre as a result of activation of the APR system. Requirements are
described in 4.8.1.
4.2 Protective housing of OFCS
Each OFCS shall have a protective housing which, when in place, prevents human access to
laser radiation in excess of hazard level 1 limits under normal operating conditions.
4.3 Fibre cables
If the potential hazard at any accessible location within an OFCS is hazard level 1M, 2M, 3R
or 3B, then the fibre optic cable shall have mechanical properties appropriate to its physical
location. Cables for various physical locations are described in the IEC 60794 series. Where
necessary, additional protection, for example ducting, conduit or raceway, may be required for
locations where the fibre would otherwise be susceptible to damage.
4.4 Cable connectors
The following requirements for cable connectors may be achieved by the mechanical design
of the connectors, or by the positioning of the connector, or by any other suitable means.
Whichever means is chosen, human access to radiation above that permitted for connectors
in a particular location type shall be prevented.
NOTE The use of a tool for disconnection is one example of a mechanical solution.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 11 –
4.4.1 Unrestricted locations
In unrestricted locations, if the radiation level exceeds the accessible emission limits of:
– Class 2 within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or
– Class 1 in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In an unrestricted location the highest hazard levels permitted are hazard level 2M for the wavelength
range 400 nm to 700 nm and hazard level 1M in all other cases (see 4.9.1).
4.4.2 Restricted locations
In restricted locations, if the radiation level exceeds the accessible emission limits of:
– Class 2M within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or;
– Class 1M in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In a restricted location the highest hazard level permitted is hazard level 1M, 2M or 3R, whichever is higher
(see 4.9.2).
4.4.3 Controlled locations
In controlled locations, if the radiation level exceeds the accessible emission limits of:
– Class 2M within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or;
– Class 1M in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In a controlled location the highest hazard level permitted is hazard level 3B (see 4.9.3).
4.5 Automatic power reduction (APR) and restart pulses
If equipment makes use of an automatic power reduction (APR) system in order to reduce its
assigned hazard level, then it shall be restarted with restrictions which are described in the
following three scenarios. In addition, the APR shall be designed to have an adequate level of
reliability (see Note 1).
NOTE 1 Examples of calculating the reliability of APR systems are given in Clause D.5.
NOTE 2 The restart interval described in the following scenarios is wavelength-dependent as described in
IEC 60825-1.
4.5.1 Automatic restart
In the case where the restart is initiated automatically, the timing and power of the restart
process shall be restricted such that the hazard level assigned to each accessible location of
the system shall not be exceeded.
4.5.2 Manual restart with assured continuity
In the case where the restart is initiated manually and the continuity of the communications
path is assured by the use of administrative controls or other means, the timing and power of
the restart process is not restricted (see Note 3). The manufacturer’s instructions shall specify
that administrative controls (or other means) must take account of the fact that the assigned
hazard level at any accessible location may be exceeded during this restart procedure.
– 12 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
NOTE 3 Since in this case the timing and power of the restart process is not restricted, the administrative or other
controls will need to take into consideration any increased risk of new hazards (such as fire). It is important that
these additional controls be documented in the appropriate service instructions.
4.5.3 Manual restart without assured continuity
In the case where the restart is initiated manually and the continuity of the communications
path is not assured, the timing and power of the restart process shall be restricted such that
the hazard level assigned to each accessible location of the system shall not be exceeded.
4.5.4 Disabling of the APR
If a manual initiated restart of the system temporarily inactivates the APR, the system must
indicate that the APR is not operable for the duration of the reboot so that the operating
organization can take the appropriate precautions. Unless these conditions are met, the
hazard level must be assigned using the transmitting power level before APR.
Disabling of the APR mechanism shall not be permitted for Class 3B and 4 transmitting
powers, unless all of the following conditions are met:
1) that such disabling is necessary only for the infrequent incidences of system installation
and service;
2) that such disabling can only be done via software commands or a manual lockout key
system;
3) if disabling is done via software commands, incorporated in such software shall be a
security system that prevents inadvertent disabling of the APR mechanism;
4) that such software incorporate a warning indicator that the APR will be disabled if the
procedure is continued;
5) continuous operation of the traffic-carrying OFCS with APR disabled shall be prevented
by suitable engineering means;
6) proper instructions on the safe use of the equipment with the disabled APR are included
in the documentation.
NOTE 1 Except where otherwise explicitly stated, this standard does not permit end-to-end OFCS to operate if
accessible locations within that system are hazard level 4. If the transmitting power of a transmitter, amplifier, etc.
is Class 4 and the APR has been disabled, then the result would be accessible locations operating at hazard
level 4. Nevertheless, it is recognised that it may be necessary to disable the APR in certain conditions, but these
conditions need to be well controlled and time-limited so that the probability of exposure to a Class 4 radiation is
very low.
NOTE 2 Regarding condition 5), an example of a ‘suitable engineering means’ is a control system that
automatically re-enables the APR as soon as practicable after a time interval that is long enough to complete
whatever task that caused the APR to be initially deactivated.
4.6 Labelling or marking
4.6.1 General requirements
Except as identified below, each optical connector, splice box or other part emitting radiation
when opened shall be marked (e.g. with a label, sleeve, tag, tape etc.), if the hazard level at
the location is in excess of hazard level 1. The marking shall be coloured yellow with the
imprint of the warning label according to IEC 60825-1 and the explanatory label in
IEC 60825-1. If XX is the hazard level assigned to the location, then the explanatory text shall
bear the words "hazard level XX“. It is permitted to reduce the marking in size, provided that
the result is legible. For network elements containing laser or optical amplifiers, it is the
responsibility of the manufacturer of the network element to provide such labelling; all other
labelling is the responsibility of the operating organization.
60825-2 © IEC:2004(E) – 13 –
Labelling or marking is not required in:
• unrestricted locations for hazard level 1M or 2M;
• restricted locations for hazard level 1M or 2M, if the requirements for cable connectors in
unrestricted locations are met (see 4.4.1);
• controlled locations for hazard level 1M or 2M.
NOTE 1 Unlike the labelling requirements of IEC 60825-1, marking in restricted locations is mandatory for
locations with hazard level 1M, except as identified above.
NOTE 2 In unrestricted locations, hazard level 1M or 2M is exempt from this requirement, because access to
radiation from a connector is limited to hazard level 1 by suitable means (see 4.4.1) and the mechanical design of
the fibre cables must be consistent with the relevant standard within the IEC 60794 series (see 4.3).
NOTE 3 In controlled locations, hazard level 1M or 2M is exempt from this requirement, because accessibility is
limited to personnel with appropriate laser safety training (see definition 3.13).
4.6.2 Marking of connectors of optical transmitters and optical amplifiers
For connectors of optical transmitters and optical amplifiers, the requirements of 4.6.1 apply.
Additionally the explanatory text shall bear a statement of the maximum output of laser
radiation (after operation of the APR function, where applicable) and the associated
wavelength or wavelength range.
4.6.3 Markings for groups of connectors
Groups of connectors such as patch panels may be marked as a group, with just a single
clearly visible location hazard level marking, rather than having each connector individually
marked. If a group of connectors is housed within an enclosure and it is a foreseeable event
that exposure to optical radiation above hazard level 1M could result from accessing the
enclosure, then a marking shall be clearly visible both before and after the access panel is
removed. This may require the use of more than one marking.
4.6.4 Indelibility requirements for safety markings
Any marking required by this standard shall be durable and legible. In considering the
durability of the marking, the effect of normal use shall be taken into account.
Compliance is checked by inspection and by rubbing the marking by hand for 15 s with a
piece of cloth soaked with water and again for 15 s with a piece of cloth soaked with
petroleum spirit. After this test, the marking shall be legible; it shall not be possible to remove
marking labels easily and they shall show no curling.
The petroleum spirit to be used for the test is aliphatic solvent hexane having a maximum
aromatic content of 0,1 % by volume, a kauributanol value of 29, an initial boiling point of
approximately 65 °C, a dry point of approximately 69 °C and a mass per unit volume of
approximately 0,7 kg/l.
2)
NOTE The above requirement and test is identical to that contained in 1.7.13 of IEC 60950-1 [13] .
4.7 Organizational requirements
4.7.1 Manufacturers of ready-to-use OFCS, turn key systems or subassemblies
Manufacturers of OFCS, turnkey end-to-end systems or subassemblies shall:
1) ensure that the equipment satisfies the applicable requirements of this standard;
___________
2)
Figures in square brackets refer to the Bibliography.
– 14 – 60825-2 © IEC:2004(E)
2) provide the following information:
a) adequate description of the engineering design features incorporated into the product
to prevent exposure to radiation above the MPE levels;
b) adequate instructions for proper assembly, maintenance and safe use including clear
warnings concerning precautions to avoid possible exposure to radiation above the
MPE levels;
c) adequate instructions to installation organizations and service organizations to ensure
the product can be installed and serviced in a manner that the radiation accessible
under reasonably foreseeable events meets the requirements of Clause 4;
d) the hazard levels at accessible locations within the system or subassembly and the
parameters upon which those hazard levels are based;
e) for systems with APR:
– the reaction time and operating parameters of the APR;
– where installation or service requires overriding an APR, information shall be
included to enable the operating organization to specify safe work practices while
the APR is overridden and safe procedures reinstating and testing such systems;
– if a manual initiated restart temporarily inactivates the APR, the timing of the
restart shall be stated clearly in the user manual;
– all scenarios (e.g. removal or failure of a controller or other element) where the
APR would not be operable including appropriate precautions that need to be
taken under such conditions.
f) any other information relevant to the safe use of the OFCS;
g) a statement that the equipment must be installed according to the manufacturer’s
instructions, including the warning "CAUTION: Use of controls or adjus
...
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60825-2
INTERNATIONAL
Troisième édition
STANDARD
Third edition
2004-06
Sécurité des appareils à laser –
Partie 2:
Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
Safety of laser products –
Part 2:
Safety of optical fibre communication
systems (OFCS)
Numéro de référence
Reference number
CEI/IEC 60825-2:2004
Numérotation des publications Publication numbering
Depuis le 1er janvier 1997, les publications de la CEI As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are
sont numérotées à partir de 60000. Ainsi, la CEI 34-1 issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For
devient la CEI 60034-1. example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
Editions consolidées Consolidated editions
Les versions consolidées de certaines publications de la The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its
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exemple, les numéros d’édition 1.0, 1.1 et 1.2 indiquent and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication,
respectivement la publication de base, la publication de the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and
base incorporant l’amendement 1, et la publication de the base publication incorporating amendments 1
base incorporant les amendements 1 et 2. and 2.
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60825-2
INTERNATIONAL
Troisième édition
STANDARD
Third edition
2004-06
Sécurité des appareils à laser –
Partie 2:
Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
Safety of laser products –
Part 2:
Safety of optical fibre communication
systems (OFCS)
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Publication IEC 60825-2 (Third edition – 2004 and its amendment 1 – 2006) I-SH 01
Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by TC 76: Optical radiation safety and laser
equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
ISH Report on voting
76/376/ISH 76/380/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
___________
Due to the inconsistency between the new IEC 60825-1:2007 and the current IEC 60825-2,
the previous edition of IEC 60825-1 (IEC 60825-1:1993 and its amendment 1 (1997) and
amendment 2 (2001)) should be used for calculating or measuring hazard levels of optical
fibre communication systems using IEC 60825-2:2004, incorporating amendment 1:2006.
This instruction will remain valid until a new version of IEC 60825-2 is published.
___________
April 2008
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60825-2
Edition 3.0 2004-06
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
INTERPRETATION SHEET 2
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76: Optical radiation
safety and laser equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
76/599/FDIS 76/606/RVDISH
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
___________
IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 (2014) introduced a new formula for C between 1 200 nm and
1 400 nm. This formula significantly increases the AEL of class 1 in this wavelength range.
The new formula for C in IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 should not be used within IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2
(2010) because it may lead to excessive power limits, for example within Hazard Level 1.
Note e) to Table A.1 of IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 states that: “In the wavelength range between
1 250 nm and 1 400 nm, the limits to protect the retina given in this table may not adequately
protect the anterior parts of the eye (cornea, iris) and caution needs to be exercised. There is
no concern for the anterior parts of the eye if the exposure does not exceed the skin MPE
values.”
IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2 Clause 2 (normative references) contains a dated reference to
IEC 60825-1:2007 in which the correction factor C was set equal to 8 within the wavelength
range of 1 200 nm to 1 400 nm. This dated reference in the normative references section is
technically sufficient for the correct interpretation of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2, even though
undated references to IEC 60825-1 occur in other clauses. This interpretation sheet is
therefore provided as an additional warning and prompt for users of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2.
Accordingly, within the wavelength range 1 200 nm to 1 400 nm the formula C = 8 is still to
be used within all affected clauses of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2.
ICS 31.260; 33.180.01
– 2 – IEC 60825-2:2004/ISH2:2018 IEC 2018
This interpretation sheet will remain valid until a new edition of IEC 60825-2 is published.
NOTE Exposure limits for the eye and the skin of employees in the workplace and the general public are in many
countries specified in national laws. These legally-binding national exposure limits might differ from the MPEs
given in the informative Annex A of IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0.
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
IEC 60825-2
Edition 3.0 2004-06
SECURITE DES APPAREILS A LASER –
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
FEUILLE D'INTERPR É T AT I O N 2
Cette feuille d’interprétation a été établie par le comité d'études 76 de l'IEC: Sécurité des
rayonnements optiques et matériels laser.
Le texte de cette feuille d’interprétation est issu des documents suivants:
FDIS Rapport de vote
76/599/FDIS 76/606/RVDISH
Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant
abouti à l'approbation de cette feuille d’interprétation.
___________
L'IEC 60825-1 Éd. 3.0 (2014) a introduit une nouvelle formule pour C entre 1 200 nm et
1 400 nm. Cette formule augmente de manière significative la LEA de classe 1 dans cette
plage de longueurs d'onde.
Il convient de ne pas utiliser la nouvelle formule pour C de l'IEC 60825-1 Éd. 3.0 dans le
cadre de l'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2 (2010), car ceci pourrait conduire à des limites de puissance
excessives, par exemple dans le cadre du Niveau de risque 1. La Note e) du Tableau A.1 de
l'IEC 60825-1 Éd. 3.0 indique que: “Dans la gamme des longueurs d’onde entre 1 250 nm et
1 400 nm, les limites permettant de protéger la rétine mentionnées dans ce tableau peuvent
ne pas fournir de protection adéquate aux parties antérieures de l’œil (cornée et iris) et
nécessitent une attention particulière, sauf si l’exposition n’excède pas les valeurs d’EMP
pour la peau.”
– 4 – IEC 60825-2:2004/ISH2:2018 IEC 2018
L'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2 Article 2 (références normatives) contient une référence datée à
l'IEC 60825-1:2007 dans laquelle le facteur de correction C a été fixé à une valeur égale à 8
dans la plage des longueurs d'onde de 1 200 nm à 1 400 nm. Cette référence datée dans la
partie des références normatives est suffisante d'un point de vue technique pour une
interprétation correcte de l'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2, même si les références non datées à
l'IEC 60825-1 apparaissent dans d'autres articles. Cette feuille d'interprétation est de ce fait
fournie en tant qu'avertissement supplémentaire et c'est un moyen de guider les utilisateurs
de l'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2. En conséquence, dans la plage des longueurs d'onde de 1 200 nm
à 1 400 nm, la formule C = 8 doit toujours être utilisée dans le cadre de tous les articles
concernés de l'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2.
Cette feuille d'interprétation restera valable jusqu’à la publication d'une nouvelle édition de
l'IEC 60825-2.
NOTE Les limites d’exposition pour les yeux et la peau des employés sur le lieu de travail et du public sont
spécifiées par la législation nationale dans de nombreux pays. Ces limites d’exposition légales à l’échelle nationale
peuvent différer des EMP mentionnées dans l’Annexe informative A de l'IEC 60825-1 Éd. 3.0.
– 2 – 60825-2 CEI:2005
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS.6
1 Domaine d’application et objet.10
2 Références normatives.12
3 Termes et définitions .12
4 Exigences .18
4.1 Généralités.18
4.2 Capot de protection du STFO .20
4.3 Câbles à fibres optiques.20
4.4 Connecteurs de câbles .20
4.5 Réduction automatique de puissance (RAP) et impulsions de redémarrage.22
4.6 Etiquetage ou marquage .24
4.7 Exigences concernant les organismes.26
4.8 Evaluation du niveau de risque.30
4.9 Exigences de niveau de risque par type de zone .32
Annexe A (informative) Justifications .34
Annexe B (informative) Résumé des exigences pour les zones à l'intérieur d'un STFO .36
Annexe C (informative) Méthodes d'analyse du risque/de la sécurité .38
Annexe D (informative) Notes d'application pour l'utilisation en toute sécurité des .40
Annexe E (informative) Lignes directrices pour les réglages ou l'entretien et la
maintenance .92
Annexe F (informative) Clarification de la signification du terme «Niveau de Risque laser».98
Bibliographie.102
Figure D.1 – Système basé sur un ROP (passive optical network – réseau optique passif) .60
Figure D.2 – Circuit simple d'excitation d'un laser .64
Figure D.3 – Exemple de Graphe de Risque tiré de la CEI 61508-5 Article D.5 .72
Figure D.4 – Graphe du taux FIT et de la moyenne des temps entre réparations .78
Tableau D.1 – Limites de puissance d'un STFO pour des fibres uni-modales (SM) de
11 µm et multi-modales (MM) d'ouverture numérique 0,18 (diamètre du cœur <150 µm).44
Tableau D.2 – Relation entre le nombre de fibres dans un câble ruban et la puissance
maximale autorisée (exemple) .58
Tableau D.3 – Identification des composants et des modes de défaillance (exemple) .66
Tableau D.4 – Valeurs Bêta (exemple).66
Tableau D.5 – Détermination des taux de défaillance (exemple) .68
Tableau D.6 – Classification des conséquences d'après la CEI 61508-5 Tableau D.1 .72
Tableau D.7 – Classification de la fréquence d'après la CEI 61508-5 Tableau D.1.74
Tableau D.8 – Classification de la possibilité d'éviter un risque d'après la CEI 61508-5
Tableau D.1 .74
Tableau D.9 – Classification de la probabilité d'occurrence non souhaitée d'après la
CEI 61508-5 Tableau D.1 .74
60825-2 IEC:2005 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7
1 Scope and object.11
2 Normative references.13
3 Terms and definitions .13
4 Requirements.19
4.1 General.19
4.2 Protective housing of OFCS .21
4.3 Fibre cables.21
4.4 Cable connectors.21
4.5 Automatic power reduction (APR) and restart pulses .23
4.6 Labelling or marking .25
4.7 Organizational requirements.27
4.8 Assessment of hazard level.31
4.9 Hazard level requirements by location type .33
Annex A (informative) Rationale.35
Annex B (informative) Summary of requirements at locations in OFCS.37
Annex C (informative) Methods of hazard/safety analysis .39
Annex D (informative) Application notes for the safe use of OFCS .41
Annex E (informative) Guidance for service and maintenance.93
Annex F (informative) Clarification of the meaning of “hazard level”.99
Bibliography.103
Figure D.1 – PON (passive optical network)-based system .61
Figure D.2 – Simple laser drive circuit.65
Figure D.3 – Risk graph example from IEC 61508-5 Clause D.5 .73
Figure D.4 – Graph of FIT rate and mean time to repair .79
Table D.1 – OFCS power limits for 11 µm single mode (SM) fibres and 0,18 numerical
aperture multimode (MM) fibres (core diameter < 150 µm) .45
Table D.2 – Relation between the number of fibres in a ribbon fibre and the maximum
permitted power (example) .59
Table D.3 – Identification of components and failure modes (example) .67
Table D.4 – Beta values (example) .67
Table D.5 – Determination of failure rates (example) .69
Table D.6 – Consequence classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .73
Table D.7 – Frequency classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .75
Table D.8 – Possibility of avoiding hazard classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .75
Table D.9 – Classification of the probability of the unwanted occurrence from
IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .75
– 4 – 60825-2 CEI:2005
Tableau D.10 – Modes de fonctionnement – Définitions tirées de la CEI 61508-4,
point 3.5.12 .76
Tableau D.11 – Valeurs SIL tirées de la CEI 61508-1, point 7.6.2.9 .76
Tableau D.12 – Détermination de la classification de la surveillance d'un équipement .80
Tableau D.13 – Taux FIT de l'exemple ci-dessus .82
Tableau D.14 – Exemples de limites de puissance pour un STFO ayant une réduction
automatique de puissance pour réduire les émissions à un niveau de risque plus faible .90
60825-2 IEC:2005 – 5 –
Table D.10 – Modes of operation – Definitions from IEC 61508-4, 3.5.12.77
Table D.11 – SIL Values from IEC 61508-1, 7.6.2.9 .77
Table D.12 – Determination of equipment monitoring classification .81
Table D.13 – FIT rates from example above.83
Table D.14 – Examples of power limits for OFCS having automatic power reduction to
reduce emissions to a lower hazard level.91
– 6 – 60825-2 CEI:2005
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
SÉCURITÉ DES APPAREILS À LASER –
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
AVANT-PROPOS
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s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; la CEI ne peut pas être tenue responsable
de l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de la CEI dans leurs publications
nationales et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de la CEI et toutes publications
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5) La CEI n’a prévu aucune procédure de marquage valant indication d’approbation et n'engage pas sa
responsabilité pour les équipements déclarés conformes à une de ses Publications.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication.
7) Aucune responsabilité ne doit être imputée à la CEI, à ses administrateurs, employés, auxiliaires ou
mandataires, y compris ses experts particuliers et les membres de ses comités d'études et des Comités
nationaux de la CEI, pour tout préjudice causé en cas de dommages corporels et matériels, ou de tout autre
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toute autre Publication de la CEI, ou au crédit qui lui est accordé.
8) L'attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication. L'utilisation de publications
référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication.
9) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Publication de la CEI peuvent faire
l’objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. La CEI ne saurait être tenue pour
responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
La Norme Internationale CEI 60825-2 a été établie par le Comité d'Etudes 76 de la CEI:
Sécurité des rayonnements optiques et matériels laser.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition publiée en 2000. Elle constitue
une révision technique qui est destinée à mettre en correspondance la nomenclature des
niveaux de risque utilisée dans ce document avec le système de classification révisé présenté
dans la CEI 60825-1(2001). En plus, cette norme a été minutieusement et complètement
révisée.
Cette version bilingue (2005-07) remplace la version monolingue anglaise.
60825-2 IEC:2005 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60825-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76:
Optical radiation safety and laser equipment
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2000. It constitutes a
technical revision to bring the hazard level nomenclature used in this document into
correspondence with the revised classification system introduced in IEC 60825-1(2001).
Additionally, the standard has been thoroughly revised throughout.
This bilingual version (2005-07) replaces the English version.
– 8 – 60825-2 CEI:2005
Le texte anglais de cette norme est issu des documents 76/288/FDIS et 76/293/RVD. Le
rapport de vote 76/293/RVD donne toute information sur le vote ayant abouti à l’approbation
de cette norme.
La version française de cette norme n’a pas été soumise au vote.
Cette publication a été rédigée selon les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2.
La Norme CEI 60825 comprend les parties suivantes, sous le titre général Sécurité des
appareils à laser:
Partie 1: Classification des matériels, prescriptions et guide de l'utilisateur
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par fibres optiques (OFCS)
Partie 3: Guide pour les manifestations et spectacles utilisant des lasers
Partie 4: Barrières laser
Partie 5: Liste de contrôle du fabricant relative à la CEI 60825-1
Partie 6: Sécurité des appareils à sources optiques, utilisés exclusivement pour la
transmission d'informations visuelles vers l'œil humain
Partie 7: Sécurité des sources optiques infrarouges pour transmission de données et
surveillance, sans fil, à l'air libre
Partie 8: Lignes directrices pour l'utilisation en toute sécurité des appareils à laser
médicaux
Partie 9: Exposition maximale admissible au rayonnement lumineux incohérent
Partie 10: Guide d'application et notes explicatives concernant la CEI 60825
Partie 12: Sécurité des systèmes de communications optiques en espace libre utilisés pour
la transmission d'informations
Partie 14: Guide de l'utilisateur
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de cette publication ne sera pas modifié avant la date de
maintenance indiquée sur le site web de la CEI sous «http://webstore.iec.ch» dans les
données relatives à la publication recherchée. A cette date, la publication sera
• reconduite;
• supprimée;
• remplacée par une édition révisée, ou
• amendée.
Le contenu des feuilles d'interprétation 1 d'avril 2008 et 2 de juin 2018 a été pris en
considération dans cet exemplaire.
60825-2 IEC:2005 – 9 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
76/288/FDIS 76/293/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 60825 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of laser products:
Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Part 3: Guidance for laser displays and shows
Part 4: Laser guards
Part 5: Manufacturer's checklist for IEC 60825-1
Part 6: Safety of products with optical sources, exclusively used for visible information
transmission to the human eye
Part 7: Safety of products emitting infrared optical radiation, exclusively used for wireless
'free air' data transmission and surveillance
Part 8: Guidelines for the safe use of medical laser equipment
Part 9: Compilation of maximum permissible exposure to incoherent optical radiation
Part 10: Application guidelines and explanatory notes to IEC 60825-1
Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems used for transmission of
information
Part 14: A user’s guide
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in
the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
The contents of the interpretation sheets 1 (April 2008) and 2 (June 2018) have been included in this copy.
– 10 – 60825-2 CEI:2005
SÉCURITÉ DES APPAREILS À LASER —
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
1 Domaine d’application et objet
La présente Partie 2 de la CEI 60825 donne des exigences et des directives spécifiques pour
l'exploitation et la maintenance en toute sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par
fibres optiques (STFO. OFCS en Anglais). Dans ces systèmes, la puissance optique peut être
accessible en dehors des confinements des équipements d'émission ou à grande distance de
la source optique.
Cette Partie 2 nécessite l'évaluation des niveaux de risque dans les zones accessibles en
remplacement de la classification selon la CEI 60825-1. Elle s'applique à l'intégralité du STFO
complet tel qu'il est installé, y compris à ses composants et à ses sous-ensembles qui
génèrent ou amplifient le rayonnement optique. Les composants individuels et les sous-
ensembles qui sont vendus aux seuls vendeurs OEM en vue de leur incorporation dans un
STFO complet installé n'ont pas besoin d'être évalués selon cette norme dans la mesure où le
STFO devrait l'être lui-même.
NOTE Les indications ci-dessus ne sont pas destinées à dissuader les fabricants de ces composants et sous-
ensembles d'utiliser cette norme s'ils le souhaitent, ou s'ils y sont tenus par un contrat.
Cette norme ne s'applique pas aux systèmes à fibres optiques conçus initialement pour
émettre une puissance optique pour des applications telles que le traitement des matériaux
ou les traitements médicaux.
En plus des risques provenant du rayonnement laser, un STFO peut aussi susciter d'autres
risques, tel qu'un risque d'incendie.
Cette norme n'aborde pas les questions de sécurité liées aux explosions ou au feu, dans le
cas d'un STFO déployé en atmosphère explosive.
Dans toute cette partie de la CEI 60825, la référence au terme 'Laser' est à interpréter comme
incluant les diodes électroluminescentes (DEL) et les amplificateurs optiques.
L'objectif de cette Partie 2 de la CEI 60825 est de:
– protéger les personnes contre le rayonnement optique provenant d'un STFO.
– fournir des exigences à l'usage des fabricants, des organismes d'installation, d'entretien et
d'exploitation, dans le but d'établir des procédures et de fournir des informations, de telle
sorte que des précautions appropriées puissent être prises;
– garantir que des mises en garde adaptées, concernant les risques potentiels liés au
STFO, sont données aux individus par le biais d'une signalisation, d'étiquettes et
d'instructions.
L'Annexe A donne une justification plus détaillée de cette partie de la CEI 60825.
La sécurité d'un STFO dépend en grande partie des caractéristiques des équipements qui le
constituent. Selon les caractéristiques des équipements, il peut être nécessaire d'inscrire les
informations de sécurité appropriées sur l'appareil ou de les inclure dans les instructions
d'utilisation.
60825-2 IEC:2005 – 11 –
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
1 Scope and object
This Part 2 of IEC 60825 provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation
and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). In these systems optical
power may be accessible outside the confinements of transmitting equipment or at great
distance from the optical source.
This Part 2 requires the assessment of hazard levels at accessible locations as a replacement
for classification according to IEC 60825-1. It applies to the complete installed end-to-end
OFCS, including its components and subassemblies that generate or amplify optical radiation.
Individual components and subassemblies that are sold only to OEM vendors for incorporation
into a complete installed end-to-end OFCS need not be assessed to this standard, since the
final OFCS should itself be assessed according to this standard.
NOTE The above statement is not intended to prevent manufacturers of such components and subassemblies
from using this standard if they wish to do so, or are required to do so by contract.
This standard does not apply to optical fibre systems primarily designed to transmit optical
power for applications such as material processing or medical treatment.
In addition to the hazards resulting from laser radiation, OFCS may also give rise to other
hazards, such as fire.
This standard does not address safety issues associated with explosion or fire with respect to
OFCS deployed in explosive atmospheres.
Throughout this part of IEC 60825, a reference to ‘laser’ is taken to include light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) and optical amplifiers.
The objective of this Part 2 of IEC 60825 is to:
– protect people from optical radiation resulting from OFCS;
– provide requirements for manufacturers, installation organizations, service organizations
and operating organizations in order to establish procedures and supply information so
that proper precautions can be adopted;
– ensure adequate warnings are provided to individuals regarding the potential hazards
associated with OFCS through the use of signs, labels and instructions.
Annex A gives a more detailed rationale for this part of IEC 60825.
The safety of an OFCS depends to a significant degree on the characteristics of the
equipment forming that system. Depending on the characteristics of the equipment, it may be
necessary to mark safety relevant information on the product or include it within the
instructions for use.
– 12 – 60825-2 CEI:2005
Lorsque cela est rendu nécessaire par le niveau du risque potentiel, la responsabilité du
déploiement et de l'utilisation en toute sécurité de ces systèmes incombe à l'installateur ou à
l'utilisateur final/à l'organisme d'exploitation ou aux deux. Cette norme fait porter à
l'organisme d'installation et aux organismes d'entretien la responsabilité du respect des
instructions de sécurité au cours de l'installation et des opérations d'entretien, selon le cas et
à l'utilisateur final ainsi qu’à l'organisme d'exploitation la responsabilité du respect des
instructions de sécurité d'exploitation et de maintenance. Il est reconnu que l'utilisateur de
cette norme peut entrer dans une ou plusieurs des catégories mentionnées ci-dessus,
fabricant, organisme d'installation, utilisateur final ou organisme d'exploitation.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent
document. Pour les références datées, seule l'édition citée est applicable. Pour les références
non datées, c'est l'édition la plus récente du document référencé (y compris tous ses
amendements) qui s'applique.
CEI 60825-1, Sécurité des appareils à laser – Partie 1: Classification des matériels, prescrip-
tions et guide de l’utilisateur
Amendement 1 (1997)
Amendement 2 (2001)
3 Termes et définitions
Dans le cadre de ce document, les termes et les définitions fournis dans la CEI 60825-1 ainsi
que ceux qui suivent s’appliquent.
3.1
zone accessible
toute partie ou zone d'un STFO pour laquelle, à la suite d'événements raisonnablement
prévisibles, l'accès de personnes à un rayonnement laser est possible sans utiliser d'outils
3.2
réduction automatique de puissance
RAP
(automatic power reduction – APR)
fonction d'un STFO par laquelle la puissance accessible est réduite à un niveau spécifié dans
un temps spécifié, chaque fois qu'un événement pourrait avoir comme conséquence
d'exposer des personnes au rayonnement, par exemple en cas de rupture d'un câble à fibres
optiques
NOTE Le terme «réduction automatique de puissance (RAP)» utilisé dans cette norme englobe les termes
suivants utilisés par les recommandations de l'Union Internationale des Télécommunications (UIT):
– coupure automatique du laser (automatic laser shutdown – ALS);
– réduction automatique de puissance (automatic power reduction – RAP);
– coupure automatique de puissance (automatic power shutdown – APSD);
3.3
utilisateur final
personne ou organisme qui utilise le STFO de la manière pour laquelle il a été conçu
NOTE 1 L'utilisateur final ne contrôle pas nécessairement la puissance générée et transmise dans le système.
___________
Une édition 1.2 consolidée existe et inclut la CEI 60825-1 (1993), son Amendement 1(1997) et son
Amendement 2 (2001).
60825-2 IEC:2005 – 13 –
Where required by the level of potential hazard, it places the responsibility for the safe
deployment and use of these systems on the installer or end-user / operating organization or
both. This standard places the responsibility for adherence to safety instructions during
installation and service operations on the installation organization and service organizations
as appropriate, and operation and maintenance functions on the end-user or Operating
organization. It is recognised that the user of this standard may fall into one or more of the
aforementioned categories of manufacturer, installation organization, end-user or operating
organization.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification, requiremen
...
NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60825-2
INTERNATIONAL
Edition 3.1
STANDARD
2007-01
Edition 3:2004 consolidée par l'amendement 1:2006
Edition 3:2004 consolidated with amendment 1:2006
Sécurité des appareils à laser –
Partie 2:
Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
Safety of laser products –
Part 2:
Safety of optical fibre communication
systems (OFCS)
Numéro de référence
Reference number
CEI/IEC 60825-2:2004+A1:2006
Numérotation des publications Publication numbering
Depuis le 1er janvier 1997, les publications de la CEI As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are
sont numérotées à partir de 60000. Ainsi, la CEI 34-1 issued with a designation in the 60000 series. For
devient la CEI 60034-1. example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
Editions consolidées Consolidated editions
Les versions consolidées de certaines publications de la The IEC is now publishing consolidated versions of its
CEI incorporant les amendements sont disponibles. Par publications. For example, edition numbers 1.0, 1.1
exemple, les numéros d’édition 1.0, 1.1 et 1.2 indiquent and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication,
respectivement la publication de base, la publication de the base publication incorporating amendment 1 and
base incorporant l’amendement 1, et la publication de the base publication incorporating amendments 1
base incorporant les amendements 1 et 2. and 2.
Informations supplémentaires Further information on IEC publications
sur les publications de la CEI
Le contenu technique des publications de la CEI est The technical content of IEC publications is kept
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NORME CEI
INTERNATIONALE
IEC
60825-2
INTERNATIONAL
Edition 3.1
STANDARD
2007-01
Edition 3:2004 consolidée par l'amendement 1:2006
Edition 3:2004 consolidated with amendment 1:2006
Sécurité des appareils à laser –
Partie 2:
Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
Safety of laser products –
Part 2:
Safety of optical fibre communication
systems (OFCS)
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Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any
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ɆɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɄɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ
Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur
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Publication IEC 60825-2 (Third edition – 2004 and its amendment 1 – 2006) I-SH 01
Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by TC 76: Optical radiation safety and laser
equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
ISH Report on voting
76/376/ISH 76/380/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
___________
Due to the inconsistency between the new IEC 60825-1:2007 and the current IEC 60825-2,
the previous edition of IEC 60825-1 (IEC 60825-1:1993 and its amendment 1 (1997) and
amendment 2 (2001)) should be used for calculating or measuring hazard levels of optical
fibre communication systems using IEC 60825-2:2004, incorporating amendment 1:2006.
This instruction will remain valid until a new version of IEC 60825-2 is published.
___________
April 2008
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60825-2
Edition 3.0 2004-06
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
INTERPRETATION SHEET 2
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76: Optical radiation
safety and laser equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
76/599/FDIS 76/606/RVDISH
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
___________
IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 (2014) introduced a new formula for C between 1 200 nm and
1 400 nm. This formula significantly increases the AEL of class 1 in this wavelength range.
The new formula for C in IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 should not be used within IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2
(2010) because it may lead to excessive power limits, for example within Hazard Level 1.
Note e) to Table A.1 of IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 states that: “In the wavelength range between
1 250 nm and 1 400 nm, the limits to protect the retina given in this table may not adequately
protect the anterior parts of the eye (cornea, iris) and caution needs to be exercised. There is
no concern for the anterior parts of the eye if the exposure does not exceed the skin MPE
values.”
IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2 Clause 2 (normative references) contains a dated reference to
IEC 60825-1:2007 in which the correction factor C was set equal to 8 within the wavelength
range of 1 200 nm to 1 400 nm. This dated reference in the normative references section is
technically sufficient for the correct interpretation of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2, even though
undated references to IEC 60825-1 occur in other clauses. This interpretation sheet is
therefore provided as an additional warning and prompt for users of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2.
Accordingly, within the wavelength range 1 200 nm to 1 400 nm the formula C = 8 is still to
be used within all affected clauses of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2.
ICS 31.260; 33.180.01
– 2 – IEC 60825-2:2004/ISH2:2018 IEC 2018
This interpretation sheet will remain valid until a new edition of IEC 60825-2 is published.
NOTE Exposure limits for the eye and the skin of employees in the workplace and the general public are in many
countries specified in national laws. These legally-binding national exposure limits might differ from the MPEs
given in the informative Annex A of IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0.
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
IEC 60825-2
Edition 3.0 2004-06
SECURITE DES APPAREILS A LASER –
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
FEUILLE D'INTERPR É T AT I O N 2
Cette feuille d’interprétation a été établie par le comité d'études 76 de l'IEC: Sécurité des
rayonnements optiques et matériels laser.
Le texte de cette feuille d’interprétation est issu des documents suivants:
FDIS Rapport de vote
76/599/FDIS 76/606/RVDISH
Le rapport de vote indiqué dans le tableau ci-dessus donne toute information sur le vote ayant
abouti à l'approbation de cette feuille d’interprétation.
___________
L'IEC 60825-1 Éd. 3.0 (2014) a introduit une nouvelle formule pour C entre 1 200 nm et
1 400 nm. Cette formule augmente de manière significative la LEA de classe 1 dans cette
plage de longueurs d'onde.
Il convient de ne pas utiliser la nouvelle formule pour C de l'IEC 60825-1 Éd. 3.0 dans le
cadre de l'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2 (2010), car ceci pourrait conduire à des limites de puissance
excessives, par exemple dans le cadre du Niveau de risque 1. La Note e) du Tableau A.1 de
l'IEC 60825-1 Éd. 3.0 indique que: “Dans la gamme des longueurs d’onde entre 1 250 nm et
1 400 nm, les limites permettant de protéger la rétine mentionnées dans ce tableau peuvent
ne pas fournir de protection adéquate aux parties antérieures de l’œil (cornée et iris) et
nécessitent une attention particulière, sauf si l’exposition n’excède pas les valeurs d’EMP
pour la peau.”
– 4 – IEC 60825-2:2004/ISH2:2018 IEC 2018
L'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2 Article 2 (références normatives) contient une référence datée à
l'IEC 60825-1:2007 dans laquelle le facteur de correction C a été fixé à une valeur égale à 8
dans la plage des longueurs d'onde de 1 200 nm à 1 400 nm. Cette référence datée dans la
partie des références normatives est suffisante d'un point de vue technique pour une
interprétation correcte de l'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2, même si les références non datées à
l'IEC 60825-1 apparaissent dans d'autres articles. Cette feuille d'interprétation est de ce fait
fournie en tant qu'avertissement supplémentaire et c'est un moyen de guider les utilisateurs
de l'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2. En conséquence, dans la plage des longueurs d'onde de 1 200 nm
à 1 400 nm, la formule C = 8 doit toujours être utilisée dans le cadre de tous les articles
concernés de l'IEC 60825-2 Éd. 3.2.
Cette feuille d'interprétation restera valable jusqu’à la publication d'une nouvelle édition de
l'IEC 60825-2.
NOTE Les limites d’exposition pour les yeux et la peau des employés sur le lieu de travail et du public sont
spécifiées par la législation nationale dans de nombreux pays. Ces limites d’exposition légales à l’échelle nationale
peuvent différer des EMP mentionnées dans l’Annexe informative A de l'IEC 60825-1 Éd. 3.0.
– 2 – 60825-2 © CEI:2004+A1:2006
SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS.6
1 Domaine d’application et objet.10
2 Références normatives.12
3 Termes et définitions .12
4 Exigences .18
4.1 Généralités.18
4.2 Capot de protection du STFO .20
4.3 Câbles à fibres optiques.20
4.4 Connecteurs de câbles .20
4.5 Réduction automatique de puissance (RAP) et impulsions de redémarrage.22
4.6 Etiquetage ou marquage .24
4.7 Exigences concernant les organismes.34
4.8 Evaluation du niveau de risque.36
4.9 Exigences de niveau de risque par type de zone .38
Annexe A (informative) Justifications .42
Annexe B (informative) Résumé des exigences pour les zones à l'intérieur d'un STFO .44
Annexe C (informative) Méthodes d'analyse du risque/de la sécurité .46
Annexe D (informative) Notes d'application pour l'utilisation en toute sécurité des.48
Annexe E (informative) Lignes directrices pour les réglages ou l'entretien
et la maintenance .100
Annexe F (informative) Clarification de la signification du terme
«Niveau de Risque laser» .106
Bibliographie.110
Figure D.1 – Système basé sur un ROP (passive optical network – réseau optique passif) .68
Figure D.2 – Circuit simple d'excitation d'un laser .72
Figure D.3 – Exemple de Graphe de Risque tiré de la CEI 61508-5 Article D.5 .80
Figure D.4 – Graphe du taux FIT et de la moyenne des temps entre réparations .86
Tableau 1 – Marquage dans les zones à accès non limité.26
Tableau 2 – Marquage dans les zones à accès limité.28
Tableau 3 – Marquage dans les zones à accès limité.30
Tableau D.1 – Limites de puissance d'un STFO pour des fibres uni-modales (SM)
de 11 μm et multi-modales (MM) d'ouverture numérique 0,18
(diamètre du cœur < 150 μm) .52
Tableau D.2 – Relation entre le nombre de fibres dans un câble ruban
et la puissance maximale autorisée (exemple) .66
Tableau D.3 – Identification des composants et des modes de défaillance (exemple) .74
Tableau D.4 – Valeurs Bêta (exemple).74
60825-2 © IEC:2004+A1:2006 – 3 –
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7
1 Scope and object.11
2 Normative references.13
3 Terms and definitions .13
4 Requirements.19
4.1 General.19
4.2 Protective housing of OFCS .21
4.3 Fibre cables.21
4.4 Cable connectors.21
4.5 Automatic power reduction (APR) and restart pulses .23
4.6 Labelling or marking .25
4.7 Organizational requirements.35
4.8 Assessment of hazard level.37
4.9 Hazard level requirements by location type .39
Annex A (informative) Rationale .43
Annex B (informative) Summary of requirements at locations in OFCS .45
Annex C (informative) Methods of hazard/safety analysis .47
Annex D (informative) Application notes for the safe use of OFCS.49
Annex E (informative) Guidance for service and maintenance.101
Annex F (informative) Clarification of the meaning of “hazard level”.107
Bibliography.111
Figure D.1 – PON (passive optical network)-based system .69
Figure D.2 – Simple laser drive circuit.73
Figure D.3 – Risk graph example from IEC 61508-5 Clause D.5 .81
Figure D.4 – Graph of FIT rate and mean time to repair .87
Table 1 – Marking in unrestricted locations .27
Table 2 – Marking in Restricted Locations.29
Table 3 – Marking in controlled locations .31
Table D.1 – OFCS power limits for 11 μm single mode (SM) fibres and 0,18 numerical
aperture multimode (MM) fibres (core diameter < 150 μm) .53
Table D.2 – Relation between the number of fibres in a ribbon fibre
and the maximum permitted power (example) .67
Table D.3 – Identification of components and failure modes (example) .75
Table D.4 – Beta values (example) .75
– 4 – 60825-2 © CEI:2004+A1:2006
Tableau D.5 – Détermination des taux de défaillance (exemple) .76
Tableau D.6 – Classification des conséquences d'après la CEI 61508-5 Tableau D.1 .80
Tableau D.7 – Classification de la fréquence d'après la CEI 61508-5 Tableau D.1.82
Tableau D.8 – Classification de la possibilité d'éviter un risque
d'après la CEI 61508-5 Tableau D.1 .82
Tableau D.9 – Classification de la probabilité d'occurrence non souhaitée
d'après la CEI 61508-5 Tableau D.1 .82
Tableau D.10 – Modes de fonctionnement – Définitions tirées de la CEI 61508-4,
point 3.5.12 .84
Tableau D.11 – Valeurs SIL tirées de la CEI 61508-1 (paragraphe 7.6.2.9).84
Tableau D.12 – Détermination de la classification de la surveillance d'un équipement .88
Tableau D.13 – Taux FIT de l'exemple ci-dessus .90
Tableau D.14 – Exemples de limites de puissance pour un système
de télécommunication par fibres optiques ayant une réduction automatique
de puissance pour réduire les émissions à un niveau de risque plus faible .98
60825-2 © IEC:2004+A1:2006 – 5 –
Table D.5 – Determination of failure rates (example) .77
Table D.6 – Consequence classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .81
Table D.7 – Frequency classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .83
Table D.8 – Possibility of avoiding hazard classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .83
Table D.9 – Classification of the probability of the unwanted occurrence
from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 .83
Table D.10 – Modes of operation – Definitions from IEC 61508-4, 3.5.12.85
Table D.11 – SIL Values from 7.6.2.9 of IEC 61508-1 .85
Table D.12 – Determination of equipment monitoring classification .89
Table D.13 – FIT rates from example above.91
Table D.14 – Examples of power limits for optical fibre communication systems
having automatic power reduction to reduce emissions to a lower hazard level.99
– 6 – 60825-2 CEI:2004+A1:2006
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
____________
SÉCURITÉ DES APPAREILS À LASER –
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (CEI) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation
composée de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de la CEI). La CEI a
pour objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les
domaines de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, la CEI – entre autres activités – publie des Normes
internationales, des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au
public (PAS) et des Guides (ci-après dénommés «Publication(s) de la CEI»). Leur élaboration est confiée à des
comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec la CEI, participent
également aux travaux. La CEI collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO),
selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de la CEI concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure
du possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux de la CEI
intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les Publications de la CEI se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités nationaux de la CEI. Tous les efforts raisonnables sont entrepris afin que la CEI
s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; la CEI ne peut pas être tenue responsable
de l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de la CEI s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de la CEI dans leurs publications
nationales et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de la CEI et toutes publications
nationales ou régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) La CEI n’a prévu aucune procédure de marquage valant indication d’approbation et n'engage pas sa
responsabilité pour les équipements déclarés conformes à une de ses Publications.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication.
7) Aucune responsabilité ne doit être imputée à la CEI, à ses administrateurs, employés, auxiliaires ou
mandataires, y compris ses experts particuliers et les membres de ses comités d'études et des Comités
nationaux de la CEI, pour tout préjudice causé en cas de dommages corporels et matériels, ou de tout autre
dommage de quelque nature que ce soit, directe ou indirecte, ou pour supporter les coûts (y compris les frais
de justice) et les dépenses découlant de la publication ou de l'utilisation de cette Publication de la CEI ou de
toute autre Publication de la CEI, ou au crédit qui lui est accordé.
8) L'attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication. L'utilisation de publications
référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication.
9) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Publication de la CEI peuvent faire
l’objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. La CEI ne saurait être tenue pour
responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits de propriété et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
La Norme Internationale CEI 60825-2 a été établie par le Comité d'Etudes 76 de la CEI:
Sécurité des rayonnements optiques et matériels laser.
Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition publiée en 2000. Elle constitue
une révision technique qui est destinée à mettre en correspondance la nomenclature des niveaux
de risque utilisée dans ce document avec le système de classification révisé présenté dans la
CEI 60825-1(2001). En plus, cette norme a été minutieusement et complètement révisée.
La présente version consolidée de la CEI 60825-2 comprend la troisième édition (2004)
[documents 76/288/FDIS et 76/293/RVD] et son amendement 1 (2006) [documents
76/346/FDIS et 76/353/RVD] et les feuilles d'interprétation 1 (avril 2008) et 2 (juin 2018).
Le contenu technique de cette version consolidée est donc identique à celui de l'édition de
base et à son amendement; cette version a été préparée par commodité pour l'utilisateur.
Elle porte le numéro d'édition 3.1.
60825-2 IEC:2004+A1:2006 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60825-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76:
Optical radiation safety and laser equipment
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2000. It constitutes a
technical revision to bring the hazard level nomenclature used in this document into
correspondence with the revised classification system introduced in IEC 60825-1(2001).
Additionally, the standard has been thoroughly revised throughout.
This consolidated version of IEC 60825-2 consists of the third edition (2004) [documents
76/288/FDIS and 76/293/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2006) [documents 76/346/FDIS and
76/353/RVD], and the interpretation sheets 1 (April 2008) and 2 (June 2018).
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and has
been prepared for user convenience.
It bears the edition number 3.1.
– 8 – 60825-2 © CEI:2004+A1:2006
Une ligne verticale dans la marge indique où la publication de base a été modifiée par
l'amendement 1.
La version française de cette norme n’a pas été soumise au vote.
Cette publication a été rédigée selon les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2.
La Norme CEI 60825 comprend les parties suivantes, sous le titre général Sécurité des
appareils à laser:
Partie 1: Classification des matériels, prescriptions et guide de l'utilisateur
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par fibres optiques (OFCS)
Partie 3: Guide pour les manifestations et spectacles utilisant des lasers
Partie 4: Barrières laser
Partie 5: Liste de contrôle du fabricant relative à la CEI 60825-1
Partie 6: Sécurité des appareils à sources optiques, utilisés exclusivement pour la
transmission d'informations visuelles vers l'œil humain
Partie 7: Sécurité des sources optiques infrarouges pour transmission de données et
surveillance, sans fil, à l'air libre
Partie 8: Lignes directrices pour l'utilisation en toute sécurité des appareils à laser
médicaux
Partie 9: Exposition maximale admissible au rayonnement lumineux incohérent
Partie 10: Guide d'application et notes explicatives concernant la CEI 60825
Partie 12: Sécurité des systèmes de communications optiques en espace libre utilisés pour
la transmission d'informations
Partie 14: Guide de l'utilisateur
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de la publication de base et de ses amendements ne sera
pas modifié avant la date de maintenance indiquée sur le site web de la CEI sous
"http://webstore.iec.ch" dans les données relatives à la publication recherchée. A cette date,
la publication sera
• reconduite,
• supprimée,
• remplacée par une édition révisée, ou
• amendée.
60825-2 © IEC:2004+A1:2006 – 9 –
A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by
amendment 1.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 60825 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of laser products:
Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Part 3: Guidance for laser displays and shows
Part 4: Laser guards
Part 5: Manufacturer's checklist for IEC 60825-1
Part 6: Safety of products with optical sources, exclusively used for visible information
transmission to the human eye
Part 7: Safety of products emitting infrared optical radiation, exclusively used for wireless
'free air' data transmission and surveillance
Part 8: Guidelines for the safe use of medical laser equipment
Part 9: Compilation of maximum permissible exposure to incoherent optical radiation
Part 10: Application guidelines and explanatory notes to IEC 60825-1
Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems used for transmission of
information
Part 14: A user’s guide
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date,
the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 10 – 60825-2 © CEI:2004+A1:2006
SÉCURITÉ DES APPAREILS À LASER –
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication
par fibres optiques (STFO)
1 Domaine d’application et objet
La présente Partie 2 de la CEI 60825 donne des exigences et des directives spécifiques pour
l'exploitation et la maintenance en toute sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par
fibres optiques (STFO. OFCS en Anglais). Dans ces systèmes, la puissance optique peut être
accessible en dehors des confinements des équipements d'émission ou à grande distance de
la source optique.
Cette Partie 2 nécessite l'évaluation des niveaux de risque dans les zones accessibles en
remplacement de la classification selon la CEI 60825-1. Elle s'applique à l'intégralité du STFO
complet tel qu'il est installé, y compris à ses composants et à ses sous-ensembles qui
génèrent ou amplifient le rayonnement optique. Les composants individuels et les sous-
ensembles qui sont vendus aux seuls vendeurs OEM en vue de leur incorporation dans un
STFO complet installé n'ont pas besoin d'être évalués selon cette norme dans la mesure où le
STFO devrait l'être lui-même.
NOTE Les indications ci-dessus ne sont pas destinées à dissuader les fabricants de ces composants et sous-
ensembles d'utiliser cette norme s'ils le souhaitent, ou s'ils y sont tenus par un contrat.
Cette norme ne s'applique pas aux systèmes à fibres optiques conçus initialement pour
émettre une puissance optique pour des applications telles que le traitement des matériaux
ou les traitements médicaux.
En plus des risques provenant du rayonnement laser, un STFO peut aussi susciter d'autres
risques, tel qu'un risque d'incendie.
Cette norme n'aborde pas les questions de sécurité liées aux explosions ou au feu, dans le
cas d'un STFO déployé en atmosphère explosive.
Dans toute cette partie de la CEI 60825, la référence au terme 'Laser' est à interpréter comme
incluant les diodes électroluminescentes (DEL) et les amplificateurs optiques.
L'objectif de cette Partie 2 de la CEI 60825 est de:
– protéger les personnes contre le rayonnement optique provenant d'un STFO.
– fournir des exigences à l'usage des fabricants, des organismes d'installation, d'entretien et
d'exploitation, dans le but d'établir des procédures et de fournir des informations, de telle
sorte que des précautions appropriées puissent être prises;
– garantir que des mises en garde adaptées, concernant les risques potentiels liés au
STFO, sont données aux individus par le biais d'une signalisation, d'étiquettes et
d'instructions.
L'Annexe A donne une justification plus détaillée de cette partie de la CEI 60825.
La sécurité d'un STFO dépend en grande partie des caractéristiques des équipements qui le
constituent. Selon les caractéristiques des équipements, il peut être nécessaire d'inscrire les
informations de sécurité appropriées sur l'appareil ou de les inclure dans les instructions
d'utilisation.
60825-2 © IEC:2004+A1:2006 – 11 –
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
1 Scope and object
This Part 2 of IEC 60825 provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation
and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). In these systems optical
power may be accessible outside the confinements of transmitting equipment or at great
distance from the optical source.
This Part 2 requires the assessment of hazard levels at accessible locations as a replacement
for classification according to IEC 60825-1. It applies to the complete installed end-to-end
OFCS, including its components and subassemblies that generate or amplify optical radiation.
Individual components and subassemblies that are sold only to OEM vendors for incorporation
into a complete installed end-to-end OFCS need not be assessed to this standard, since the
final OFCS should itself be assessed according to this standard.
NOTE The above statement is not intended to prevent manufacturers of such components and subassemblies
from using this standard if they wish to do so, or are required to do so by contract.
This standard does not apply to optical fibre systems primarily designed to transmit optical
power for applications such as material processing or medical treatment.
In addition to the hazards resulting from laser radiation, OFCS may also give rise to other
hazards, such as fire.
This standard does not address safety issues associated with explosion or fire with respect to
OFCS deployed in explosive atmospheres.
Throughout this part of IEC 60825, a reference to ‘laser’ is taken to include light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) and optical amplifiers.
The objective of this Part 2 of IEC 60825 is to:
– protect people from optical radiation resulting from OFCS;
– provide requirements for manufacturers, installation organizations, service organizations
and operating organizations in order to establish procedures and supply information so
that proper precautions can be adopted;
– ensure adequate warnings are provided to individuals regarding the potential hazards
associated with OFCS through the use of signs, labels and instructions.
Annex A gives a more detailed rationale for this part of IEC 60825.
The safety of an OFCS depends to a significant degree on the characteristics of the
equipment forming that system. Depending on the characteristics of the equipment, it may be
necessary to mark safety relevant information on the product or include it within the
instructions for use.
– 12 – 60825-2 © CEI:2004+A1:2006
Lorsque cela est rendu nécessaire par le niveau du risque potentiel, la responsabilité du
déploiement et de l'utilisation en toute sécurité de ces systèmes incombe à l'installateur ou à
l'utilisateur final/à l'organisme d'exploitation ou aux deux. Cette norme fait porter à
l'organisme d'installation et aux organismes d'entretien la responsabilité du respect des
instructions de sécurité au cours de l'installation et des opérations d'entretien, selon le cas et
à l'utilisateur final ainsi qu’à l'organisme d'exploitation la responsabilité du respect des
instructions de sécurité d'exploitation et de maintenance. Il est reconnu que l'utilisateur de
cette norme peut entrer dans une ou plusieurs des catégories mentionnées ci-dessus,
fabricant, organisme d'installation, utilisateur final ou organisme d'exploitation.
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent
document. Pour les références datées, seule l'édition citée est applicable. Pour les références
non datées, c'est l'édition la plus récente du document référencé (y compris tous ses
amendements) qui s'applique.
CEI 60825-1, Sécurité des appareils à laser – Partie 1: Classification des matériels, prescrip-
tions et guide de l’utilisateur
Amendement 1 (1997)
Amendement 2 (2001)
3 Termes et définitions
Dans le cadre de ce document, les termes et les définitions fournis dans la CEI 60825-1 ainsi
que ceux qui suivent s’appliquent.
3.1
zone accessible
toute partie ou zone d'un STFO pour laquelle, à la suite d'événements raisonnablement
prévisibles, l'accès de personnes à un rayonnement laser est possible sans utiliser d'outils
3.2
réduction automatique de puissance
RAP
(automatic power reduction – APR)
fonction d'un STFO par laquelle la puissance accessible est réduite à un niveau spécifié dans
un temps spécifié, chaque fois qu'un événement pourrait avoir comme conséquence
d'exposer des personnes au rayonnement, par exemple en cas de rupture d'un câble à fibres
optiques
NOTE Le terme «réduction automatique de puissance (RAP)» utilisé dans cette norme englobe les termes
suivants utilisés par les recommandations de l'Union Internationale des Télécommunications (UIT
...
IEC 60825-2 ®
Edition 3.2 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety of laser products –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Sécurité des appareils à laser –
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par fibres optiques
(STFO)
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IEC 60825-2 ®
Edition 3.2 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Safety of laser products –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Sécurité des appareils à laser –
Partie 2: Sécurité des systèmes de télécommunication par fibres optiques
(STFO)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CS
CODE PRIX
ICS 31.260; 33.180.01 ISBN 978-2-88912-246-2
Publication IEC 60825-2 (Third edition – 2004 and its amendment 1 – 2006) I-SH 01
Safety of laser products – Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
INTERPRETATION SHEET 1
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by TC 76: Optical radiation safety and laser
equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
ISH Report on voting
76/376/ISH 76/380/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
___________
Due to the inconsistency between the new IEC 60825-1:2007 and the current IEC 60825-2,
the previous edition of IEC 60825-1 (IEC 60825-1:1993 and its amendment 1 (1997) and
amendment 2 (2001)) should be used for calculating or measuring hazard levels of optical
fibre communication systems using IEC 60825-2:2004, incorporating amendment 1:2006.
This instruction will remain valid until a new version of IEC 60825-2 is published.
___________
April 2008
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
IEC 60825-2
Edition 3.0 2004-06
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
INTERPRETATION SHEET 2
This interpretation sheet has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76: Optical radiation
safety and laser equipment.
The text of this interpretation sheet is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
76/599/FDIS 76/606/RVDISH
Full information on the voting for the approval of this interpretation sheet can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
___________
IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 (2014) introduced a new formula for C between 1 200 nm and
1 400 nm. This formula significantly increases the AEL of class 1 in this wavelength range.
The new formula for C in IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 should not be used within IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2
(2010) because it may lead to excessive power limits, for example within Hazard Level 1.
Note e) to Table A.1 of IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0 states that: “In the wavelength range between
1 250 nm and 1 400 nm, the limits to protect the retina given in this table may not adequately
protect the anterior parts of the eye (cornea, iris) and caution needs to be exercised. There is
no concern for the anterior parts of the eye if the exposure does not exceed the skin MPE
values.”
IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2 Clause 2 (normative references) contains a dated reference to
IEC 60825-1:2007 in which the correction factor C was set equal to 8 within the wavelength
range of 1 200 nm to 1 400 nm. This dated reference in the normative references section is
technically sufficient for the correct interpretation of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2, even though
undated references to IEC 60825-1 occur in other clauses. This interpretation sheet is
therefore provided as an additional warning and prompt for users of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2.
Accordingly, within the wavelength range 1 200 nm to 1 400 nm the formula C = 8 is still to
be used within all affected clauses of IEC 60825-2 Ed. 3.2.
ICS 31.260; 33.180.01
– 2 – IEC 60825-2:2004/ISH2:2018 IEC 2018
This interpretation sheet will remain valid until a new edition of IEC 60825-2 is published.
NOTE Exposure limits for the eye and the skin of employees in the workplace and the general public are in many
countries specified in national laws. These legally-binding national exposure limits might differ from the MPEs
given in the informative Annex A of IEC 60825-1 Ed. 3.0.
– 2 – 60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010
CONTENTS
FOREW ORD . 4
1 Scope and object . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Requirements . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Protective housing of OFCS . 11
4.3 Fibre cables . 11
4.4 Cable connectors . 11
4.5 Automatic power reduction (APR) and restart pulses. 12
4.6 Labelling or marking . 13
4.7 Organizational requirements. 18
4.8 Assessment of hazard level . 19
4.9 Hazard level requirements by location type . 20
Annex A (informative) Rationale . 21
Annex B (informative) Summary of requirements at locations in OFCS . 22
Annex C (informative) Methods of hazard/safety analysis . 23
Annex D (informative) Application notes for the safe use of OFCS . 24
Annex E (informative) Guidance for service and maintenance . 48
Annex F (informative) Clarification of the meaning of “hazard level” . 50
Bibliography . 52
Figure D.1 – PON (passive optical network)-based system . 33
Figure D.2 – Simple laser drive circuit . 35
Figure D.3 – Risk graph example from IEC 61508-5 Clause D.5 . 39
Figure D.4 – Graph of FIT rate and mean time to repair . 42
Table 1 – Marking in unrestricted locations . 14
Table 2 – Marking in Restricted Locations . 15
Table 3 – Marking in controlled locations . 16
Table D.1 – OFCS power limits for 11 mm single mode (SM) fibres and 0,18 numerical
aperture multimode (MM) fibres (core diameter < 150 mm) . 26
Table D.2 – Relation between the number of fibres in a ribbon fibre
and the maximum permitted power (example) . 32
Table D.3 – Identification of components and failure modes (example). 36
Table D.4 – Beta values (example) . 36
60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010 – 3 –
Table D.5 – Determination of failure rates (example) . 37
Table D.6 – Consequence classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 . 39
Table D.7 – Frequency classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 . 39
Table D.8 – Possibility of avoiding hazard classification from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 . 40
Table D.9 – Classification of the probability of the unwanted occurrence
from IEC 61508-5 Table D.1 . 40
Table D.10 – Modes of operation – Definitions from IEC 61508-4, 3.5.12 . 41
Table D.11 – SIL Values from 7.6.2.9 of IEC 61508-1 . 41
Table D.12 – Determination of equipment monitoring classification . 43
Table D.13 – FIT rates from example above . 43
Table D.14 – Examples of power limits for optical fibre communication systems
having automatic power reduction to reduce emissions to a lower hazard level . 47
– 4 – 60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
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agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60825-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 76:
Optical radiation safety and laser equipment
This consolidated version of IEC 60825-2 consists of the third edition (2004) [documents
76/288/FDIS and 76/293/RVD], its amendment 1 (2006) [documents 76/346/FDIS
and 76/353/RVD] and its amendment 2 (2010) [documents 76/409/CDV and 76/419/RVC],
and the Interpretation sheets 1 (April 2008) and 2 (June 2018).
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendments and
has been prepared for user convenience.
It bears the edition number 3.2.
A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by
amendments 1 and 2.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010 – 5 –
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 60825 consists of the following parts, under the general title Safety of laser products:
Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
Part 3: Guidance for laser displays and shows
Part 4: Laser guards
Part 5: Manufacturer's checklist for IEC 60825-1
Part 8: Guidelines for the safe use of laser beams on humans
Part 9: Compilation of maximum permissible exposure to incoherent optical radiation
Part 10: Application guidelines and explanatory notes to IEC 60825-1
Part 12: Safety of free space optical communication systems used for transmission of
information
Part 13: Measurements for classification of laser products
Part 14: A user’s guide
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
– 6 – 60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010
SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS –
Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS)
1 Scope and object
This Part 2 of IEC 60825 provides requirements and specific guidance for the safe operation
and maintenance of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS). In these systems optical
power may be accessible outside the confinements of transmitting equipment or at great
distance from the optical source.
This Part 2 requires the assessment of hazard levels at accessible locations as a replacement
for classification according to IEC 60825-1. It applies to the complete installed end-to-end
OFCS, including its components and subassemblies that generate or amplify optical radiation.
Individual components and subassemblies that are sold only to OEM vendors for incorporation
into a complete installed end-to-end OFCS need not be assessed to this standard, since the
final OFCS should itself be assessed according to this standard.
NOTE 1 The above statement is not intended to prevent manufacturers of such components and subassemblies
from using this standard if they wish to do so, or are required to do so by contract.
This standard does not apply to optical fibre systems primarily designed to transmit optical
power for applications such as material processing or medical treatment.
In addition to the hazards resulting from laser radiation, OFCS may also give rise to other
hazards, such as fire.
This standard does not address safety issues associated with explosion or fire with respect to
OFCS deployed in explosive atmospheres.
Throughout this part of IEC 60825, a reference to ‘laser’ is taken to include light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) and optical amplifiers.
NOTE 2 The optical hazard of light emerging from a fibre is determined by the wavelength and power emerging
from the fibre and the optical characteristics of the fibre. (See Annex A.).
The objective of this Part 2 of IEC 60825 is to:
– protect people from optical radiation resulting from OFCS;
– provide requirements for manufacturers, installation organizations, service organizations
and operating organizations in order to establish procedures and supply information so
that proper precautions can be adopted;
– ensure adequate warnings are provided to individuals regarding the potential hazards
associated with OFCS through the use of signs, labels and instructions.
Annex A gives a more detailed rationale for this part of IEC 60825.
The safety of an OFCS depends to a significant degree on the characteristics of the
equipment forming that system. Depending on the characteristics of the equipment, it may be
necessary to mark safety relevant information on the product or include it within the
instructions for use.
60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010 – 7 –
Where required by the level of potential hazard, it places the responsibility for the safe
deployment and use of these systems on the installer or end-user / operating organization or
both. This standard places the responsibility for adherence to safety instructions during
installation and service operations on the installation organization and service organizations
as appropriate, and operation and maintenance functions on the end-user or Operating
organization. It is recognised that the user of this standard may fall into one or more of the
aforementioned categories of manufacturer, installation organization, end-user or operating
organization.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60825-1:2007, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and
requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions contained in IEC 60825-1 as well
as the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accessible location
any part or location within an OFCS at which, under reasonably foreseeable events, human
access to laser radiation is possible without the use of a tool
3.2
automatic power reduction (APR)
a feature of an OFCS by which the accessible power is reduced to a specified level within a
specified time, whenever there is an event which could result in human exposure to radiation,
e.g. a fibre cable break
NOTE The term “automatic power reduction” (APR) used in this standard encompasses the following terms used
in recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union ITU:
– automatic laser shutdown (ALS);
– automatic power reduction (APR);
– automatic power shutdown (APSD).
3.3
end-user
person or organization using the OFCS in the manner the system was designed to be used
NOTE 1 The end-user cannot necessarily control the power generated and transmitted within the system.
NOTE 2 If the person or organization is using the OFCS for a communications application in a manner other than
as designed by the manufacturer, then that person/organization assumes the responsibilities of a manufacturer or
installation organization.
3.4
hazard level
the potential hazard at any accessible location within an OFCS. It is based on the level of
optical radiation which could become accessible in a reasonably foreseeable event, e.g. a
fibre cable break. It is closely related to the laser classification procedure in IEC 60825-1
– 8 – 60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010
3.5
hazard level 1
hazard level 1 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under
reasonably foreseeable events, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur.
The level of radiation is measured with the conditions for Class 1 laser products (see
IEC 60825-1), but with condition 2 being as defined in clause 4.8.1 of this standard
(IEC 60825-2)
3.6
hazard level 1M
hazard level 1M is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 1 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur.
The level of radiation is measured with the conditions for Class 1M laser products (see
IEC 60825-1), but with condition 2 being as defined in clause 4.8.1 of this standard
(IEC 60825-2)
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M is larger than the limit of 2 or 3R and less than the limit of 3B,
hazard level 1M is allocated.
3.7
hazard level 2
hazard level 2 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 2 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur.
The level of radiation is measured with the conditions for Class 2 laser products (see
IEC 60825-1), but with condition 2 being as defined in clause 4.8.1 of this standard
(IEC 60825-2)
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M is larger than the limit of 2 and less than the limit of 3B, hazard
level 1M is allocated.
3.8
hazard level 2M
hazard level 2M is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 2 for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not occur.
The level of radiation is measured with the conditions for Class 2M laser products (see
IEC 60825-1), but with condition 2 being as defined in clause 4.8.1 of this standard
(IEC 60825-2)
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 2M is larger than the limit of 3R and less than the limit of 3B, hazard
level 2M is allocated.
3.9
hazard level 3R
hazard level 3R is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3R for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not
occur. The level of radiation is measured with the conditions for Class 3R laser products (see
IEC 60825-1), but with condition 2 being as defined in clause 4.8.1 of this standard
(IEC 60825-2)
NOTE If the applicable limit of hazard level 1M or 2M is larger than the limit of 3R and less than the limit of 3B,
hazard level 1M or 2M is allocated.
60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010 – 9 –
3.10
hazard level 3B
hazard level 3B is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3B for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration will not
occur. The level of radiation is measured with the conditions for Class 3B laser products (see
IEC 60825-1), but with condition 2 being as defined in clause 4.8.1 of this standard
(IEC 60825-2)
3.11
hazard level 4
hazard level 4 is assigned to any accessible location within an OFCS at which, under a
reasonably foreseeable event, human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible
emission limits of Class 3B for the applicable wavelengths and emission duration may occur.
The level of radiation is measured with the conditions for Class 3B laser products (see
IEC 60825-1), but with condition 2 being as defined in clause 4.8.1 of this standard
(IEC 60825-2)
NOTE This standard is applicable for the operation and maintenance of OFCS. In order to achieve an adequate
level of safety for persons who may come into contact with the optical transmission path, hazard level 4 is not
permitted within this standard. It is permitted to use protection systems, such as automatic power reduction, to
achieve the required hazard level where the transmitted power under normal operating conditions (e.g. no fault
exists in the fibre path) exceeds that permitted for a particular location type. For instance, it is possible for
accessible parts of an OFCS to be hazard level 1 even though the power transmitted down the fibre under normal
operating conditions is Class 4.
3.12
installation organization
an organization or individual that is responsible for the installation of an OFCS
3.13
location with controlled access; controlled location
an accessible location where an engineering or administrative control is present to make it
inaccessible, except to authorized personnel with appropriate laser safety training
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 a).
3.14
location with restricted access; restricted location
an accessible location that is normally inaccessible by the general public by means of any
administrative or engineering control measure but that is accessible to authorized personnel
who may not have laser safety training
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 b).
3.15
location with unrestricted access; unrestricted location
an accessible location where there are no measures restricting access to members of the
general public
NOTE For examples see D.2.1 c).
3.16
manufacturer
organization or individual that assembles optical devices and other components in order to
construct or modify an OFCS
3.17
operating organization
organization or individual that is responsible for the operation of an OFCS
– 10 – 60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010
3.18
optical fibre communication system (OFCS)
an engineered, end-to-end assembly for the generation, transfer and reception of optical
radiation arising from lasers, LEDs or optical amplifiers, in which the transference is by means
of optical fibre for communication and/or control purposes
3.19
reasonably foreseeable event
an event the occurrence of which under given circumstances can be predicted fairly
accurately, and the occurrence probability or frequency of which is not low or very low
NOTE Examples of reasonably foreseeable events might include the following: fibre cable break, optical
connector disconnection, operator error or inattention to safe working practices.
Reckless use or use for completely inappropriate purposes is not considered as a reasonably foreseeable event.
3.20
service organization
an organization or individual that is responsible for the servicing of an OFCS
3.21
subassembly
any discrete unit, subsystem, network element, or module of an OFCS which contains an
optical emitter or optical amplifier
4 Requirements
4.1 General
This section defines the restrictions that are to be placed on an OFCS and on the location
types in which an OFCS can operate, in accordance with the hazard that arises from optical
radiation becoming accessible as a result of a reasonably foreseeable event. Whenever one
or more alterations are made to an OFCS, the organization responsible for that alteration
shall make a determination of whether each alteration could affect the hazard level. If the
hazard level has changed, the organization responsible for the alteration(s) shall re-label
those locations in the system that are accessible so as to ensure continued compliance with
this standard.
Each accessible location within an OFCS shall be separately assessed to determine the
hazard level at that location. Where multiple communications systems are present at a
location, the hazard level for the location shall be the highest of the levels arising from each
of those systems. Based on the hazard level determined, appropriate actions shall be taken to
ensure compliance with this standard. These actions could for example involve restriction of
access to the location, or the implementation of safety features or redesign of the optical
communications system to reduce the hazard level.
Suppliers of active components and subassemblies in conformance with this standard that do
not comprise an OFCS need to comply only with the applicable portions of Clause 4.
OFCS that also transmit electrical power shall meet the requirements of this standard in
addition to any applicable electrical standard.
NOTE When determining the hazard level, two characteristics have to be taken into account.
1) What is the maximum permissible exposure (MPE)? The level of exposure must be determined at a location
where it is reasonably foreseeable that a person could be exposed to radiation coming from the OFCS. The time
taken for the APR system (if present) to operate must be included when determining the MPE. If the OFCS does
not incorporate APR, then meeting the requirements referred to in Note 2 below will be taken as automatically
meeting the requirements of this Note 1 without further investigation or tests. Requirements are described in 4.8.2.
2) What is the maximum permitted power at which the OFCS can operate after a reasonable foreseeable event
(such as a fibre-break) has caused the radiation to become accessible? This maximum power value could be lower
than the normal operating power in the fibre as a result of activation of the APR system. Requirements are
described in 4.8.1.
60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010 – 11 –
4.2 Protective housing of OFCS
Each OFCS shall have a protective housing which, when in place, prevents human access to
laser radiation in excess of hazard level 1 limits under normal operating conditions.
4.3 Fibre cables
If the potential hazard at any accessible location within an OFCS is hazard level 1M, 2M, 3R
or 3B, then the fibre optic cable shall have mechanical properties appropriate to its physical
location. Cables for various physical locations are described in the IEC 60794 series. Where
necessary, additional protection, for example ducting, conduit or raceway, may be required for
locations where the fibre would otherwise be susceptible to damage.
4.4 Cable connectors
The following requirements for cable connectors may be achieved by the mechanical design
of the connectors, or by the positioning of the connector, or by any other suitable means.
Whichever means is chosen, human access to radiation above that permitted for connectors
in a particular location type shall be prevented.
NOTE The use of a tool for disconnection is one example of a mechanical solution.
4.4.1 Unrestricted locations
In unrestricted locations, if the accessible radiation level exceeds:
– hazard level 2 within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or
– hazard level 1 in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In an unrestricted location the highest hazard levels permitted are hazard level 2M for the wavelength
range 400 nm to 700 nm and hazard level 1M in all other cases (see 4.9.1)
4.4.2 Restricted locations
In restricted locations, if the accessible radiation level exceeds:
– hazard level 2M within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or
– hazard level 1M in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In a restricted location the highest hazard level permitted is hazard level 1M, 2M or 3R, whichever is the
higher (see 4.9.2).
4.4.3 Controlled locations
In controlled locations, if the accessible radiation level exceeds:
– hazard level 2M within the wavelength range 400 nm to 700 nm, or
– hazard level 1M in all other cases,
then suitable means shall limit access to the radiation from the connector.
NOTE In a controlled location the highest hazard level permitted is hazard level 3B (see 4.9.3).
– 12 – 60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010
4.5 Automatic power reduction (APR) and restart pulses
If equipment makes use of an automatic power reduction (APR) system in order to reduce its
assigned hazard level, then it shall be restarted with restrictions which are described in the
following three scenarios. In addition, the APR shall be designed to have an adequate level of
reliability (see Note 1).
NOTE 1 Examples of calculating the reliability of APR systems are given in Clause D.5.
NOTE 2 The restart interval described in the following scenarios is wavelength-dependent as described in
IEC 60825-1.
4.5.1 Automatic restart
In the case where the restart is initiated automatically, the timing and power of the restart
process shall be restricted such that the hazard level assigned to each accessible location of
the system shall not be exceeded.
4.5.2 Manual restart with assured continuity
In the case where the restart is initiated manually and the continuity of the communications
path is assured by the use of administrative controls or other means, the timing and power of
the restart process is not restricted (see Note 3). The manufacturer’s instructions shall specify
that administrative controls (or other means) must take account of the fact that the assigned
hazard level at any accessible location may be exceeded during this restart procedure.
NOTE 3 Since in this case the timing and power of the restart process is not restricted, the administrative or other
controls will need to take into consideration any increased risk of new hazards (such as fire). It is important that
these additional controls be documented in the appropriate service instructions.
4.5.3 Manual restart without assured continuity
In the case where the restart is initiated manually and the continuity of the communications
path is not assured, the timing and power of the restart process shall be restricted such that
the hazard level assigned to each accessible location of the system shall not be exceeded.
4.5.4 Disabling of the APR
If a manual initiated restart of the system temporarily inactivates the APR, the system must
indicate that the APR is not operable for the duration of the reboot so that the operating
organization can take the appropriate precautions. Unless these conditions are met, the
hazard level must be assigned using the transmitting power level before APR.
Disabling of the APR mechanism shall not be permitted for Class 3B and 4 transmitting
powers, unless all of the following conditions are met:
1) that such disabling is necessary only for the infrequent incidences of system installation
and service;
2) that such disabling can only be done via software commands or a manual lockout key
system;
3) if disabling is done via software commands, incorporated in such software shall be a
security system that prevents inadvertent disabling of the APR mechanism;
4) that such software incorporate a warning indicator that the APR will be disabled if the
procedure is continued;
5) continuous operation of the traffic-carrying OFCS with APR disabled shall be prevented
by suitable engineering means;
6) proper instructions on the safe use of the equipment with the disabled APR are included
in the documentation.
60825-2 Ó IEC:2004+A1:2006+A2:2010 – 13 –
7) it shall not be possible to disable the APR permanently – the APR must automatically re-
enable (see also note 3);
8) it shall only be possible to disable APR at the transmitting equipment (i.e. remote
disabling of the APR is not normally permitted), except when in direct communication with
persons (possibly at remote locations) likely to be exposed to higher levels of radiation
than before the APR is disabled.
NOTE 1 Consideration should be given to the fact that Raman systems may also emit high power from the
receive termination.
9) a clear and unambiguous warning shall be displayed continuously while the APR remains
disabled;
10) manual start-up or re-start of high power systems with APR disabled
It is recognised that systems utilising high optical powers (by their very nature) must use high
powers to ensure continuity - otherwise no signal will be received at the far end. Therefore it
is permitted to use high powers (class 4) at initial system start-up, provided this is done by
trained personnel under defined conditions.
Every effort must be made to ensure system continuity (i.e. OTDR continuity testing from both
ends of the system) and to ensure personnel are not exposed to class 3B or class 4 radiation.
This can also be done by rigorous administrative controls.
NOTE 2 Except where otherwise explicitly stated, this standard does not permit end-to-end OFCS to operate if
accessible locations within that system are hazard level 4. If the transmitting power of a transmitter, amplifier, etc.
is Class 4 and the APR has been disabled, then the result would be accessible locations operating at hazard
level 4. Nevertheless, it is recognised that it may be necessary to disable the APR in certain conditions, but these
conditions need to be well controlled and time-limited so that the probability of exposure to a Class 4 radiation is
very low.
NOTE 3 Regarding condition 5), an example of a ‘suitable engineering means’ is a control system that
automatically re-enables the APR as soon as practicable after a time interval that is long enough to complete
whatever task that caused the APR to be initially deactivated.
NOTE 4 One hour is suggested as a suitable time after which the APR should re-enable.
4.6 Labelling or marking
4.6.1 General requirements
Where required by this subclause, each optical connector, splice box or other part emitting
radiation when opened shall be marked (e.g. with a label, sleeve, tag, tape etc.), if the hazard
level at the location is in excess of hazard level 1. The information shall consist of the
information identified in Tables 1, 2 or 3 as applicable.
Where the accessible radiation at points of disconnection is hazard level 1 or hazard level 1M
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