IEC TS 61245:2015
(Main)Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage ceramic and glass insulators to be used on d.c. systems
Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage ceramic and glass insulators to be used on d.c. systems
IEC TS 61245:2015(E) is applicable for the determination of the d.c. withstand characteristics of ceramic and glass insulators to be used outdoors and exposed to polluted atmospheres, on d.c. systems with the highest voltage of the system greater than +/- 1 000 V. These tests are not applicable to polymeric insulators, to greased insulators or to special types of insulators (e.g. insulators with semiconducting glaze or covered with any organic insulating material). The object of this technical specification is to prescribe procedures for artificial pollution tests applicable to insulators for overhead lines, substations and traction lines and to bushings. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1993. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Corrections and the addition of explanatory material;
b) The addition of Clause 4.4.2 on atmospheric correction;
c) The change of upper limit of volume conductivity of tap water for insulator cleaning to 0,1 S/m;
d) The extension to UHV voltages; and
e) The addition of Annex B "Determination of the withstand characteristics of insulators" and Annex E "Supplementary information on artificial pollution tests on insulators for voltage systems of +/- 600 kV and above (solid layer method procedure B).
The contents of the corrigendum of August 2018 have been included in this copy.
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Standards Content (Sample)
IEC TS 61245 ®
Edition 2.0 2015-03
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage ceramic and glass insulators to be used
on d.c. systems
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IEC TS 61245 ®
Edition 2.0 2015-03
TECHNICAL
SPECIFICATION
Artificial pollution tests on high-voltage ceramic and glass insulators to be used
on d.c. systems
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.080.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-2546-2
– 2 – IEC TS 61245:2015 © IEC 2015
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references. 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 General test requirements . 11
4.1 General . 11
4.2 Test methods . 12
4.3 Arrangement of insulator for test . 12
4.3.1 Test configuration . 12
4.3.2 Insulator cleaning . 12
4.4 Requirements for the test circuit . 13
4.4.1 Test voltage . 13
4.4.2 Atmospheric corrections . 13
4.4.3 Characteristics of the measuring systems . 13
4.4.4 Identification of flashover . 13
5 Salt fog method . 14
5.1 General information . 14
5.2 Salt solution . 14
5.3 Spraying system . 16
5.4 Conditions before starting the test . 19
5.5 Preconditioning process . 19
5.6 Withstand test . 20
5.7 Acceptance criteria for the withstand test . 20
6 Solid layer method . 20
6.1 General information . 20
6.2 Main characteristics of inert materials . 21
6.3 Composition of the contaminating suspension . 21
6.4 Application of the pollution layer . 22
6.5 Determination of the degree of pollution of the test insulator . 23
6.6 Test procedure . 23
6.7 Withstand test and acceptance criteria . 24
Annex A (informative) Method for checking the uniformity of the layer . 25
Annex B (informative) Determination of the withstand characteristics of insulators . 27
B.1 General . 27
B.2 Determination of the maximum withstand degree of pollution at a given test
voltage . 27
B.3 Determination of the maximum withstand voltage at a given degree of
pollution . 27
B.4 Determination of the 50 % withstand voltage at a given degree of pollution . 28
Annex C (informative) Additional recommendations concerning the solid layer method
procedures . 29
C.1 General . 29
C.2 Contamination practice . 29
C.3 Drying of the pollution layer . 29
C.4 Checking the wetting action of the fog . 29
C.5 Checking fog uniformity for large or complex test objects . 30
C.6 Fog input to the test chamber . 30
C.7 Duration of the withstand test . 31
C.8 Evaluation of the reference salt deposit density (SDD) . 31
Annex D (informative) Information to check equipment for artificial pollution tests . 32
Annex E (informative) Supplementary information on artificial pollution tests on
insulators for voltage systems of ± 600 kV and above (solid layer method procedure B) . 34
E.1 General . 34
E.2 Test chamber . 34
E.3 Fog generator . 34
E.4 Wetting action and uniformity of fog density . 34
E.5 Test of very large insulators . 34
Annex F (informative) Further investigation . 35
Bibliography . 36
Figure 1 – Ripple amplitude and actual mean voltage, measured on a resistive load
absorbing 100 mA . 9
Figure 2 – Voltage drop and voltage overshoot and leakage current . 14
Figure 3 – Value of factor b versus solution temperature θ . 16
Figure 4 – Typical construction of fog spray nozzle . 18
Figure 5 – Test layout for inclined insulators . 19
Figure A.1 – Arrangement of the probe electrodes . 25
Figure A.2 – Circuit diagram of the meter . 26
Figure C.1 – Determination of layer conductance and evaluation of its rise time T = t
c 2
– t . 31
Table 1 – Salt-fog method: correspondence between the value of salinity and volume
conductivity of the solution at a temperature of 20 °C . 15
Table 2 – Main characteristics of the inert materials used in solid layer suspensions . 21
Table 3 – Kaolin (or Tonoko) composition: approximate correspondence between the
reference degrees of pollution on the insulator and the volume conductivity of the
suspension at a temperature of 20 °C . 22
Table D.1 – (Provisional) . 33
– 4 – IEC TS 61245:2015 © IEC 2015
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ARTIFICIAL POLLUTION TESTS ON HIGH-VOLTAGE CERAMIC
AND GLASS INSULATORS TO BE USED ON D.C. SYSTEMS
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