IEC 61000-3-2:2014
(Main)Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 3-2: Limits - Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
IEC 61000-3-2:2014 deals with the limitation of harmonic currents injected into the public supply system. It specifies limits of harmonic components of the input current which may be produced by equipment tested under specified conditions. It is applicable to electrical and electronic equipment having an input current up to and including 16 A per phase, and intended to be connected to public low voltage distribution systems. Arc welding equipment which is not professional equipment, with input current up to and including 16 A per phase, is included in this standard. Arc welding equipment intended for professional use, as specified in IEC 60974-1, is excluded from this standard and may be subject to installation restrictions as indicated in IEC/TR 61000-3-4 or IEC 61000-3-12. The tests according to this standard are type tests. Test conditions for particular equipment are given in Annex C. For systems with nominal voltages less than 220 V (line-to-neutral), the limits have not yet been considered. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2005, Amendment 1:2008, Amendment 2:2009 and Corrigendum of August 2009. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- a clarification of the repeatability and reproducibility of measurements;
- a more accurate specification of the general test conditions for information technology equipment;
- the addition of optional test conditions for information technology equipment with external power supplies or battery chargers;
- the addition of a simplified test method for equipment that undergoes minor changes or updates;
- an update of the test conditions for washing machines;
- a clarification of the requirements for Class C equipment with active input power ≤ 25 W;
- an update of the test conditions for audio amplifiers;
- a clarification of the test conditions for lamps;
- an update of the test conditions for vacuum cleaners;
- the addition of test conditions for high pressure cleaners;
- an update of the test conditions for arc welding equipment;
- the reclassification of refrigerators and freezers with variable-speed drives into Class D;
- and the addition of test conditions for refrigerators and freezers.
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) - Partie 3-2: Limites - Limites pour les émissions de courant harmonique (courant appelé par les appareils ≤ 16 A par phase)
L'IEC 61000-3-2:2014 traite de la limitation des courants harmoniques injectés dans le réseau public d'alimentation. Elle définit les limites des harmoniques du courant d'entrée qui peuvent être produits par les matériels soumis à l'essai dans des conditions spécifiées. Elle est applicable aux appareils électriques et électroniques ayant un courant d'entrée dont la valeur est inférieure ou égale à 16 A par phase et qui sont destinés à être raccordés à des réseaux publics de distribution à basse tension. Les appareils de soudage à l'arc qui ne sont pas du matériel professionnel, dont le courant d'entrée est inférieur ou égal à 16 A par phase, sont inclus dans le domaine d'application de la présente norme. Les appareils de soudage à l'arc destinés à un usage professionnel, tels que spécifiés dans l'IEC 60974-1, sont exclus du domaine d'application de la présente norme et peuvent être sujets à des restrictions d'installation comme indiqué dans l'IEC/TR 61000-3-4 ou l'IEC 61000-3-12. Les essais effectués conformément à la présente norme sont des essais de type. Les conditions d'essais pour des appareils particuliers sont indiquées à l'Annexe C. Pour les systèmes alimentés par des réseaux dont la tension nominale est inférieure à 220 V (phase par rapport au neutre), les limites n'ont pas encore été envisagées. Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2005, l'Amendement 1:2008, l'Amendement 2:2009 et le Corrigendum d'août 2009. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
- une clarification de la répétabilité et de la reproductibilité des mesures;
- une spécification plus précise des conditions générales d'essai pour les appareils de traitement de l'information;
- l'addition de conditions d'essai optionnelles pour les appareils de traitement de l'information ayant des alimentations de puissance ou des chargeurs de batterie externes;
- l'addition d'une méthode d'essai simplifiée pour les appareils qui subissent de petites modifications ou mises à jour;
- une mise à jour des conditions d'essai pour les lave-linge;
- une clarification des prescriptions pour les matériels de Classe C ayant une puissance active en entrée ≤ 25 W;
- une mise à jour des conditions d'essai pour les amplificateurs audio;
- une clarification des conditions d'essai des lampes;
- une mise à jour des conditions d'essai pour les aspirateurs;
- l'addition de conditions d'essai pour les appareils de nettoyage à haute pression;
- une mise à jour des conditions d'essai pour les appareils de soudure à l'arc;
- la reclassification en Classe D des réfrigérateurs et congélateurs avec entraînement(s) à vitesse variable;
- et l'addition de conditions d'essai pour les réfrigérateurs et congélateurs.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 61000-3-2 ®
Edition 4.0 2014-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input
current ≤ 16 A per phase)
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 3-2: Limites – Limites pour les émissions de courant
harmonique (courant appelé par les appareils ≤ 16 A par phase)
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IEC 61000-3-2 ®
Edition 4.0 2014-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) –
Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input
current ≤ 16 A per phase)
Compatibilité électromagnétique (CEM) –
Partie 3-2: Limites – Limites pour les émissions de courant
harmonique (courant appelé par les appareils ≤ 16 A par phase)
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX V
ICS 33.100.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-1569-2
– 2 – IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 General . 12
5 Classification of equipment . 12
6 General requirements . 13
6.1 Control methods . 13
6.2 Harmonic current measurement . 14
6.2.1 Test configuration . 14
6.2.2 Measurement procedure . 14
6.2.3 General requirements . 15
6.2.4 Test observation period . 16
6.3 Equipment in a rack or case . 17
7 Harmonic current limits . 17
7.1 Limits for Class A equipment . 19
7.2 Limits for Class B equipment . 19
7.3 Limits for Class C equipment . 19
7.4 Limits for Class D equipment . 20
Annex A (normative) Measurement circuit and supply source . 22
A.1 Test circuit . 22
A.2 Supply source . 22
Annex B (normative) Requirements for measurement equipment . 25
Annex C (normative) Type test conditions . 26
C.1 General . 26
C.2 Test conditions for television (TV) receivers . 26
C.2.1 General conditions . 26
C.2.2 Conditions for measurement . 26
C.3 Test conditions for audio amplifiers . 27
C.3.1 Conditions . 27
C.3.2 Input signals and loads . 27
C.4 Test conditions for video-cassette recorders . 28
C.5 Test conditions for lighting equipment . 28
C.5.1 General conditions . 28
C.5.2 Lamps . 28
C.5.3 Luminaires . 28
C.5.4 Ballasts and step-down converters . 28
C.6 Test conditions for independent and built-in incandescent lamp dimmers . 29
C.7 Test conditions for vacuum cleaners . 29
C.8 Test conditions for washing machines . 29
C.9 Test conditions for microwave ovens . 29
C.10 Test conditions for information technology equipment (ITE) . 30
C.10.1 General conditions . 30
C.10.2 Optional conditions for measuring emissions of IT equipment
with external power supplies or battery chargers. 30
C.11 Test conditions for induction hobs . 31
C.12 Test conditions for air conditioners . 31
C.13 Test conditions for kitchen machines as defined in IEC 60335-2-14 . 31
C.14 Test conditions for arc welding equipment which is not professional
equipment . 31
C.15 Test conditions for high pressure cleaners which are not professional
equipment . 32
C.16 Test conditions for refrigerators and freezers . 32
C.16.1 General . 32
C.16.2 Refrigerators and freezers with VSD . 32
C.16.3 Refrigerators and freezers without VSD . 33
Bibliography . 34
Figure 1 – Flowchart for determining conformity . 18
Figure 2 – Illustration of the relative phase angle and current parameters described in
7.3 b) . 19
Figure A.1 – Measurement circuit for single-phase equipment. 23
Figure A.2 – Measurement circuit for three-phase equipment . 24
Table 1 – Limits for Class A equipment . 20
Table 2 – Limits for Class C equipment . 21
Table 3 – Limits for Class D equipment . 21
Table 4 – Test observation period . 21
Table C.1 – Conventional load for arc welding equipment tests . 32
– 4 – IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –
Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic current emissions
(equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61000-3-2 has been prepared by sub-committee 77A: Low-
frequency phenomena, of IEC technical committee 77: Electromagnetic compatibility.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2005, Amendment 1:
2008, Amendment 2:2009 and Corrigendum of August 2009.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) a clarification of the repeatability and reproducibility of measurements;
b) a more accurate specification of the general test conditions for information technology
equipment;
c) the addition of optional test conditions for information technology equipment with external
power supplies or battery chargers;
d) the addition of a simplified test method for equipment that undergoes minor changes or
updates;
e) an update of the test conditions for washing machines;
f) a clarification of the requirements for Class C equipment with active input power ≤ 25 W;
g) an update of the test conditions for audio amplifiers;
h) a clarification of the test conditions for lamps;
i) an update of the test conditions for vacuum cleaners;
j) the addition of test conditions for high pressure cleaners;
k) an update of the test conditions for arc welding equipment;
l) the reclassification of refrigerators and freezers with variable-speed drives into Class D;
m) the addition of test conditions for refrigerators and freezers.
The text of this standard is based on the third edition, Amendment 1, Amendment 2, the
Corrigendum of August 2009 and the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
77A/846/FDIS 77A/853/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61000 series, published under the general title Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014
INTRODUCTION
IEC 61000 is published in separate parts, according to the following structure:
Part 1: General
General considerations (introduction, fundamental principles)
Definitions, terminology
Part 2: Environment
Description levels
Classification of the environment
Compatibility levels
Part 3: Limits
Emission limits
Immunity limits (in so far as they do not fall under the responsibility of the product
committees)
Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques
Measurement techniques
Testing techniques
Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines
Installation guidelines
Mitigation methods and devices
Part 6: Generic standards
Part 9: Miscellaneous
Each part is further subdivided into sections which are to be published either as international
standards, technical specifications, or as technical reports.
These standards and reports will be published in chronological order and numbered
accordingly (for example, 61000-6-1).
This part is an international standard which gives emission limits for harmonic currents from
equipment having an input current up to and including 16 A per phase.
This part is a Product Family Standard.
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) –
Part 3-2: Limits – Limits for harmonic current emissions
(equipment input current ≤ 16 A per phase)
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61000 deals with the limitation of harmonic currents injected into the public
supply system.
It specifies limits of harmonic components of the input current which may be produced by
equipment tested under specified conditions.
Harmonic components are measured according to Annexes A and B.
This part of IEC 61000 is applicable to electrical and electronic equipment having an input
current up to and including 16 A per phase, and intended to be connected to public low-voltage
distribution systems.
Arc welding equipment which is not professional equipment, with input current up to and
including 16 A per phase, is included in this standard.
Arc welding equipment intended for professional use, as specified in IEC 60974-1, is excluded
from this standard and may be subject to installation restrictions as indicated in
IEC/TR 61000-3-4 or IEC 61000-3-12.
The tests according to this standard are type tests. Test conditions for particular equipment are
given in Annex C.
For systems with nominal voltages less than 220 V (line-to-neutral), the limits have not yet
been considered.
NOTE The words apparatus, appliance, device and equipment are used throughout this standard. They have the
same meaning for the purpose of this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60050-131, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 131: Electric and
magnetic circuits
IEC 60050-161, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 161: Electro-magnetic
compatibility
IEC 60107-1, Methods of measurement on receivers for television broadcast transmissions –
Part 1: General considerations – Measurements at radio and video frequencies
IEC 60155, Glow-starters for fluorescent lamps
– 8 – IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014
IEC 60268-1:1985, Sound system equipment – Part 1: General
IEC 60268-3, Sound system equipment – Part 3: Amplifiers
IEC 60335-2-2, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-2: Particular
requirements for vacuum cleaners and water-suction cleaning appliances
IEC 60335-2-14, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-14: Particular
requirements for kitchen machines
IEC 60335-2-24:2010, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-24:
Particular requirements for refrigerating appliances, ice-cream appliances and ice makers
IEC 60335-2-79, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-79: Particular
requirements for high pressure cleaners and steam cleaners
IEC 60974-1, Arc welding equipment – Part 1: Welding power sources
IEC 61000-2-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 2-2: Environment – Compatibility
levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public low-voltage power
supply systems
IEC/TR 61000-3-4, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-4: Limits – Limitation of
emission of harmonic currents in low-voltage power supply systems for equipment with rated
current greater than 16 A
IEC 61000-3-12, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-12: Limits – Limits for harmonic
currents produced by equipment connected to public low-voltage systems with input current
> 16 A and ≤ 75 A per phase
IEC 61000-4-7, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-7: Testing and measurement
techniques – General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and
instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto
Recommendation ITU-R BT.471-1, Nomenclature and description of colour bar signals
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-161 as well as
the following apply.
3.1
portable tool
electrical tool which is hand-held during normal operation and used for a short time (a few
minutes) only
3.2
lamp
source for producing light
3.3
self-ballasted lamp
unit which cannot be dismantled without being permanently damaged, provided with a lamp cap
and incorporating a light source and any additional element necessary for starting and stable
operation of the light source
3.4
luminaire
apparatus (other than a lamp) which distributes, filters or transforms the light transmitted from
one or more lamps and which includes all the parts necessary for supporting, fixing and
protecting the lamps, and, where necessary, circuit auxiliaries, together with the means for
connecting them to the supply
3.5
ballast
device connected between the supply and one or more discharge lamps which serves mainly to
limit the current of the lamp(s) to the required value. It may include means for transforming the
supply voltage and/or frequency, correcting the power factor and, either alone or in
combination with a starting device, provide the necessary conditions for starting the lamp(s)
3.6
step-down converter for lighting equipment
unit inserted between the supply and one or more tungsten halogen or other filament lamps
which serves to supply the lamp(s) with its (their) rated voltage, generally at high frequency.
The unit may consist of one or more separate components. It may include means for dimming,
correcting the power factor and suppressing radio interference
3.7
reference lamp
lamp selected for testing ballasts which, when associated with a reference ballast, has
electrical characteristics that are close to the objective values given in the relevant lamp
specification
3.8
reference ballast
special inductive-type ballast designed for the purpose of providing comparison standards for
use in testing ballasts and for the selection of reference lamps. It is essentially characterized
by a stable voltage-to-current ratio, which is relatively uninfluenced by variations in current,
temperature, and the magnetic surroundings
3.9
input current
current directly supplied to an equipment or a part of equipment by the a.c. distribution system
3.10
circuit power factor
the circuit power factor is the ratio of the measured active input power to the product of the
supply voltage (r.m.s.) and the supply current (r.m.s.)
3.11
active power
mean value, taken over one period, of the instantaneous power
Note 1 to entry: The active input power is the active power measured at the input supply terminals of the
equipment under test.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-131:2013, 131-11-42]
3.12
balanced three-phase equipment
equipment having rated line current modules which differ by no more than 20 %
– 10 – IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014
3.13
professional equipment
equipment for use in trades, professions, or industries and which is not intended for sale to the
general public. The designation shall be specified by the manufacturer
3.14
total harmonic
3.14.1
total harmonic current
total r.m.s. value of the harmonic current components of orders 2 to 40
total harmonic current = I
∑ n
n=2
3.14.2
total harmonic distortion
THD
ratio of the r.m.s. value of the sum of the harmonic components (in this context harmonic
current components I of orders 2 to 40) to the r.m.s. value of the fundamental component
h
I
h
THD =
∑
I
1
h=2
3.15
built-in dimmer
dimmer, including the user control, which is entirely contained within the enclosure of a
luminaire
3.16
partial odd harmonic current
total r.m.s. value of the odd harmonic current components of orders 21 to 39
partial odd harmonic current = I
∑ n
n=21,23
3.17
lighting equipment
equipment with a primary function of generating and/or regulating and/or distributing optical
radiation by means of incandescent lamps, discharge lamps or LED's
Included are:
– lamps and luminaires;
– the lighting part of multi-function equipment where one of the primary functions of this is
illumination;
– independent ballasts for discharge lamps and independent incandescent lamp
transformers;
– ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) radiation equipment;
– illuminated advertising signs;
– dimmers for lamps other than incandescent.
Excluded are:
– lighting devices built in equipment with another primary purpose such as photocopiers,
overhead projectors and slide projectors or employed for scale illuminating or indication
purposes;
– household appliances whose primary function is not for generating and/or regulating and/or
distributing optical radiation but which contain one or more lamps with or without separate
switch (e.g. a range hood with a built-in lamp);
– dimmers for incandescent lamps.
3.18
stand-by mode
sleep-mode
non-operational, low power consumption mode (usually indicated in some way on the
equipment) that can persist for an indefinite time
3.19
repeatability of results of measurements
closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of harmonic currents on the
same equipment under test, carried out with the same test system, at the same location, under
identical test conditions
)
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-394:2007, 394-40-38, modified ]
3.20
reproducibility of results of measurements
closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of harmonic currents on the
same equipment under test, carried out with different test systems under conditions of
measurement intended to be the same in each case
Note 1 to entry: The test system and test conditions are assumed to fulfil all normative requirements in the
standards.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-394:2007, 394-40-39, modified]
3.21
variability of results of measurements
closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of harmonic currents on
different samples of the same type of equipment under test, having no intentional differences,
carried out with different test systems under conditions of measurement intended to be the
same in each case
Note 1 to entry: The test system and test conditions are assumed to fulfil all normative requirements in the
standards.
Note 2 to entry: In the context of this standard, the meaning of the terms can be summarized as follows:
Term Meaning
Repeatability Same EUT, same test system, same test conditions, repeated tests
Reproducibility Same EUT, different but normative test systems, different but normative test conditions
Variability Different EUTs of the same type, having no intentional differences, different but normative
test systems, different but normative test conditions
___________
1)
IEC 60050-394:2007, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 394: Nuclear instrumentation –
Instruments, systems, equipment and detectors
– 12 – IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014
3.22
variable speed drive
VSD
equipment, based on power electronics, which enables the speed and/or torque of a motor to
be continuously controlled
4 General
The objective of this standard is to set limits for harmonic emissions of equipment within its
scope, so that, with due allowance for the emissions from other equipment, compliance with
the limits ensures that harmonic disturbance levels do not exceed the compatibility levels
defined in IEC 61000-2-2.
Professional equipment that does not comply with the requirements of this standard may be
permitted to be connected to certain types of low voltage supplies, if the instruction manual
contains a requirement to ask the supply utility for permission to connect. Recommendations
concerning this aspect are contained in IEC/TR 61000-3-4 or IEC 61000-3-12.
5 Classification of equipment
For the purpose of harmonic current limitation, equipment is classified as follows:
Class A:
– balanced three-phase equipment;
– household appliances, excluding equipment identified as Class D;
– tools, excluding portable tools;
– dimmers for incandescent lamps;
– audio equipment.
Equipment not specified in one of the three other classes shall be considered as Class A
equipment.
NOTE 1 Equipment that can be shown to have a significant effect on the supply system may be reclassified in a
future edition of the standard. Factors to be taken into account include:
– number of pieces of equipment in use;
– duration of use;
– simultaneity of use;
– power consumption;
– harmonic spectrum, including phase.
Class B:
– portable tools;
– arc welding equipment which is not professional equipment.
Class C:
– lighting equipment.
Class D:
Equipment having a specified power according to 6.2.2 less than or equal to 600 W, of the
following types:
– personal computers and personal computer monitors;
– television receivers;
– refrigerators and freezers having one or more variable-speed drives to control compressor
motor(s).
NOTE 2 Class D limits are reserved for equipment that, by virtue of the factors listed in note 1, can be shown to
have a pronounced effect on the public electricity supply system.
6 General requirements
The following restrictions apply even to equipment to which no harmonic current limits apply as
defined in Clause 7.
The requirements and limits specified in this clause are applicable to the power input terminals
of equipment intended to be connected to 220/380 V, 230/400 V and 240/415 V systems
operating at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Requirements and limits for other cases are not yet considered.
A simplified test method is permitted for equipment that undergoes minor changes or updates,
provided that, in previous full compliance tests, it has been shown to have current emissions
below 60 % of the applicable limits and the THD of the supply current is less than 15 %. The
simplified test method consists of verifying that the updated equipment has an active input
power within ±20 % of that of the originally tested product, and that the THD of the supply
current is less than 15 %. Products that fulfill these requirements are deemed to comply with
the applicable limits, but in case of doubt the result of a full compliance test according to
Clauses 6 and 7 takes precedence over this simplified method.
6.1 Control methods
Asymmetrical controls according to IEC 60050-161, 161-07-12 and half-wave rectification
directly on the mains supply may only be used in the following circumstances:
a) where they are the only practical solution permitting the detection of unsafe conditions, or
b) where the controlled active input power is less than or equal to 100 W, or
c) where the controlled appliance is a portable equipment fitted with a two-core flexible cord
and is intended for use for a short period of time, i.e. for a few minutes only.
If one of these three conditions is fulfilled, half-wave rectification may be used for any purpose,
whereas asymmetrical controls may only be used for the control of motors.
NOTE 1 Such equipment includes, but is not limited to, hair dryers, electrical kitchen appliances and portable
tools.
Symmetrical control methods which are prone to produce harmonics of low order (n ≤ 40) in the
input current may be used for the control of the power supplied to heating elements provided
that the full sine-wave input power is less than or equal to 200 W, or that the limits of Table 3
are not exceeded.
Such symmetrical control methods are also allowed for professional equipment provided that
either
a) one of the above conditions is fulfilled, or
b) the relevant limits are not exceeded when tested at the supply input terminals and in
addition both the following conditions are fulfilled:
1) it is necessary to control precisely the temperature of a heater whose thermal time
constant is less than 2 s, and
2) there is no other technique economically available.
Professional equipment whose primary purpose, considered as a whole, is not for heating, shall
be tested against the relevant limits.
– 14 – IEC 61000-3-2:2014 © IEC 2014
NOTE 2 An example of a product whose primary purpose is not heating is a photocopier, whereas a cooker is
considered to have heating as its primary purpose.
Domestic equipment with symmetrical control used for a short time (for example hair dryers)
shall be tested under Class A.
Even though asymmetrical controls and half-wave rectification are permitted under the
conditions given above, the equipment shall still comply with the harmonic requirements of this
standard.
NOTE 3 The use of asymmetrical controls and half-wave rectification is allowed in the above circumstances;
however, in case of fault, the d.c. component of the supplied current may disturb certain types of protection
devices. In the same way, this may also happen with the use of symmetrical controls.
6.2 Harmonic current measurement
6.2.1 Test configuration
Specific test conditions for the measurement of harmonic currents associated with some types
of equipment are given in Annex C.
For equipment not mentioned in Annex C, emission tests shall be conducted with the user's
operation controls or automatic programs set to the mode expected to produce the maximum
total harmonic current (THC) under normal operating conditions. This defines the equipment
set-up during emission tests and not a requirement to measure THC or to conduct searches for
worst-case emissions.
The harmonic current limits specified in Clause 7 apply to line currents and not to currents in
the neutral conductor. Nevertheless, for single-phase equipment, it is permissible to measure
the currents in the neutral conductor instead of the currents in the line.
The equipment is tested as presented by, and in accordance with information provided by, the
manufacturer. Preliminary operation of motor drives by the manufacturer may be needed
before the tests are undertaken to ensure that results correspond with normal use.
6.2.2 Measurement procedure
The test shall be conducted according to the general requirements given in 6.2.3. The test
duration shall be as defined in 6.2.4.
The measurement of harmonic currents shall be performed as follows:
– for each harmonic order, measure the 1,5 s smoothed r.m.s. harmonic current in each DFT
time window as defined in Annex B;
– calculate the arithmetic average of the measured values from the DFT time windows, over
the entire observation period as defined in 6.2.4.
The value of the input power to be used for the calculation of limits shall be determined as
follows:
– measure the 1,5 s smoothed active input power in each DFT time window;
– determine the maximum of the measured values of power from the DFT time windows over
the entire duration of the test.
NOTE The active input power supplied to the smoothing section of the measuring instrument as defined in
Annex B is the active input power in each DFT time window.
The harmonic currents and the active input power shall be measured under the same test
conditions but need not be measured simultaneously.
In order not to use a value of power at which limits change abruptly, thus giving rise to doubt as
to which limits apply, the manufacturer may specify any value which is within ±10 % of the
actual measured value and use it for determining the limits for the original manufacturer's
conformity assessment test. The measured and specified values of power, as defined in this
clause, shall be documented in the test report.
If the value of the power found by measurement during emission tests other than the original
manufacturer’s conformity assessment test, measured according to the terms of this clause, is
not less than 90 % nor greater than 110 % of the value for power specified by the manufacturer
in the test report (see 6.2.3.5), the specified value shall be used to establish the limits. If the
measured value is outside of this tolerance band around the specified value, the measured
power shall be used to establish the limits.
For Class C equipment, the fundamental current and power factor, specified by the
manufacturer, shall be used for the calculation of limits (see 3.10). The fundamental
component of the current and the power factor are measured and specified by the
manufacturer in the same way as the power is measured and specified for the calculation of
Class D limits. The value used for the power factor shall be obtained from the same DFT
measurement window as the value for the fundamental component of current.
6.2.3 General requirements
6.2.3.1 Repeatability
The repeatability (see 3.19) of the average value for the individual harmonic currents over the
entire test observation period shall be better than ±5 % of the applicable limit, when the
following conditions are met:
– the same equipment under test (EUT) (not another of the same type, however similar);
– identical test conditions;
– the same test system;
– identical climatic conditions, if relevant.
NOTE This repeatability requirement serves the purpose of defining the necessary observation period, see 6.2.4.
It is not intended to serve as a pass/fail criterion for the assessment of compliance with the requirements of this
standard.
6.2.3.2 Reproducibility
The reproducibility (see 3.20) of measurements on the same EUT with different test systems
cannot be definitively calculated so as to apply to all possible combinations of EUT, harmonics
meter and test supply, but can be estima
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