IEC 62037-5:2021

Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters

IEC 62037-5:2021 is available as IEC 62037-5:2021 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 62037-5:2021 defines test fixtures and procedures recommended for measuring levels of passive intermodulation generated by filters, typically used in wireless communication systems. The purpose is to define qualification and acceptance test methods for filters for use in low intermodulation (low IM) applications. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. dynamic testing requirements updated to define impact energy and locations to apply impacts to devices under test.

Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d'intermodulation - Partie 5: Mesure de l'intermodulation passive dans les filtres

IEC 62037-5:2021 est disponible sous forme de IEC 62037-5:2021 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
L'IEC 62037-5:2021 définit les dispositifs et les procédures d’essai recommandés pour mesurer des niveaux d’intermodulation passive générés par des filtres, généralement utilisés dans des systèmes de communication sans fil. L’objectif est de définir des méthodes d’essai de qualification et de réception pour des filtres destinés à être utilisés dans des applications de faible intermodulation (faible IM). Cette seconde édition annule et remplace la première édition parue en 2013.Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l’édition précédente:
a. mise à jour des exigences d’essais dynamiques pour définir l’énergie de choc et les emplacements auxquels les chocs doivent être appliqués aux dispositifs en essai.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Nov-2021
• ICS: 33.040.20 - Transmission systems
• Technical Committee: TC 46 - Cables, wires, waveguides, RF connectors, RF and microwave passive components and accessories
• Drafting Committee: WG 6 - TC 46/WG 6
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 10-Dec-2021
• Completion Date: 19-Nov-2021

Relations

• Revises: IEC 62037-5:2013 - Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 62037-5 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

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IEC 62037-5 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-5118-8

– 2 – IEC 62037-5:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 General comments on PIM testing of filter assemblies . 6
4.1 Sources of error: back-to-back filters . 6
4.2 Environmental and dynamic PIM testing . 6
4.3 General test procedure . 7
5 Example of test equipment schematics for filter testing . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Transmit band testing . 8
5.3 Receive band testing – Dual high-power carriers . 9
5.4 Receive band testing – Injected interferer . 11

Figure 1 – Typical receive band PIM test set-up . 6
Figure 2 – Example of a striking element for ≤ 1 J . 7
Figure 3 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring transmit-band, forward,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT using two high-power carriers . 9
Figure 4 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, forward,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers . 10
Figure 5 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, reverse,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers . 10
Figure 6 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, passive IM
products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers. 11
Figure 7 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, forward,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer technique . 12
Figure 8 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, reverse,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer technique . 12
Figure 9 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, passive IM
products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer technique . 13

Table 1 – Summary table referencing examples of test equipment schematics for
measuring PIM on filter-type devices . 8

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –

Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes made to
the previous edition IEC 62037-5:2013. A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change
has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text.

– 4 – IEC 62037-5:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
IEC 62037-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 46: Cables, wires, waveguides, RF
connectors, RF and microwave passive components and accessories. It is an International
Standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) dynamic testing requirements updated to define impact energy and locations to apply
impacts to devices under test.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
46/837/FDIS 46/858/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62037 series, published under the general title Passive RF and
microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –

Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62037 defines test fixtures and procedures recommended for measuring levels
of passive intermodulation generated by filters, typically used in wireless communication
systems. The purpose is to define qualification and acceptance test methods for filters for use
in low intermodulation (low IM) applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-2-75:2014, Environmental testing – Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests
IEC 62037-1:2012, Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.2 Abbreviated terms
DUT Device under test
IM Intermodulation
PIM Passive intermodulation
VSWR Voltage standing wave ratio

– 6 – IEC 62037-5:2021 RLV © IEC 2021
4 General comments on PIM testing of filter assemblies
4.1 Sources of error: back-to-back filters
Testing filter assemblies for PIM may can be error prone if certain precautionary guidelines are
not followed. Since PIM can be a frequency-dependent phenomenon, mathematically related to
the harmonics of the input signals and combinations thereof, consideration should be given not
only to the behaviour of the test set-up under fundamental stimulation, but also its harmonic
perf
...

IEC 62037-5 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –
Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters

Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –
Partie 5: Mesure de l’intermodulation passive dans les filtres

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

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containing more than 22 000 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 18 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
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IEC 62037-5 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement –

Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters

Dispositifs RF et à micro-ondes passifs, mesure du niveau d’intermodulation –

Partie 5: Mesure de l’intermodulation passive dans les filtres

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.040.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-1049-2

– 2 – IEC 62037-5:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 5
4 General comments on PIM testing of filter assemblies . 6
4.1 Sources of error: back-to-back filters . 6
4.2 Environmental and dynamic PIM testing . 6
4.3 General test procedure . 7
5 Example of test equipment schematics for filter testing . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Transmit band testing . 8
5.3 Receive band testing – Dual high-power carriers . 9
5.4 Receive band testing – Injected interferer . 11

Figure 1 – Typical receive band PIM test set-up . 6
Figure 2 – Example of a striking element for ≤ 1 J . 7
Figure 3 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring transmit-band, forward,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT using two high-power carriers . 9
Figure 4 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, forward,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers . 10
Figure 5 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, reverse,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers . 10
Figure 6 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, passive IM
products on an N-port DUT, using two high-power carriers. 11
Figure 7 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, forward,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer technique . 12
Figure 8 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, reverse,
passive IM products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer technique . 12
Figure 9 – Typical test equipment schematic for measuring receive-band, passive IM
products on an N-port DUT, using the injected interferer technique . 13

Table 1 – Summary table referencing examples of test equipment schematics for
measuring PIM on filter-type devices . 8

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES,
INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT –

Part 5: Measurement of passive intermodulation in filters

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62037-5 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 46: Cables, wires, waveguides, RF
connectors, RF and microwave passive components and accessories. It is an International
Standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) dynamic testing requirements updated to define impact energy and locations to apply
impacts to devices under test.

– 4 – IEC 62037-5:2021 © IEC 2021
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
46/837/FDIS 46/858/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62037 series, published under the general title Passive RF and
microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch i
...