IEC 60876-1:2012
(Main)Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic spatial switches - Part 1: Generic specification
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic spatial switches - Part 1: Generic specification
IEC 60876-1:2012 applies to fibre optic switches possessing all of the following general features:
- they are passive in that they contain no optoelectronic or other transducing elements;
- they have one or more ports for the transmission of optical power and two or more states in which power may be routed or blocked between these ports;
- the ports are optical fibres or fibre optic connectors. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2001. It constitutes a technical revision. The changes with respect to the previous edition are to remove quality assessment procedures and to reconsider definitions. Key words: fibre optic switches
Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs à fibres optiques - Commutateurs spatiaux à fibres optiques - Partie 1: Spécification générique
La CEI 60876-1:2012 s'applique aux commutateurs à fibres optiques possédant toutes les caractéristiques générales suivantes:
- ils sont passifs dans la mesure où ils ne contiennent aucun élément optoélectronique ou autre élément transducteur;
- ils ont au moins un port de transmission de la puissance optique et au moins deux états dans lesquels la puissance peut passer ou être bloquée entre ces ports;
- les ports sont des fibres optiques ou des connecteurs à fibres optiques. Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2001. Elle constitue une révision technique. Les modifications par rapport à l'édition précédente sont la suppression des procédures d'assurance de la qualité et la reconsidération des définitions. Mots clès: commutateurs à fibres optiques
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IEC 60876-1
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Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
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Part 1: Generic specification
IEC 60876-1:2012(E)
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International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 60876-1
®
Edition 4.0 2012-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
spatial switches –
Part 1: Generic specification
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
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ICS 33.180.20 ISBN 978-2-83220-213-5
Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – 60876-1 IEC:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Basic terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Component definitions . 7
3.3 Performance parameter definitions . 8
4 Requirements . 11
4.1 Classification . 11
4.1.1 General . 11
4.1.2 Type . 12
4.1.3 Style . 15
4.1.4 Variant . 16
4.1.5 Assessment level . 16
4.1.6 Normative reference extension . 16
4.2 Documentation . 17
4.2.1 Symbols . 17
4.2.2 Specification system . 17
4.2.3 Drawings . 19
4.2.4 Test and measurement . 19
4.2.5 Test reports . 20
4.2.6 Instructions for use . 20
4.3 Standardization system . 20
4.3.1 Interface standards . 20
4.3.2 Performance standards . 21
4.3.3 Reliability standards . 21
4.3.4 Interlinking . 22
4.4 Design and construction . 23
4.4.1 Materials . 23
4.4.2 Workmanship . 23
4.5 Quality . 23
4.6 Performance . 23
4.7 Identification and marking . 23
4.7.1 General . 23
4.7.2 Variant identification number . 23
4.7.3 Component marking . 24
4.7.4 Package marking . 24
4.8 Packaging . 24
4.9 Storage conditions . 24
4.10 Safety . 25
Annex A (informative) Example of switch technologies . 26
Bibliography . 31
Figure 1 – Representation of latency time, rise time, fall time, bounce time, and
switching time . 11
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60876-1 IEC:2012(E) – 3 –
Figure 2 – Single-pole, single-throw switch . 13
Figure 3 – Transfer matrix for one input port and one output port . 13
Figure 4 – Single-pole, throw switch . 13
Figure 5 – Transfer matrix for one input port and N output ports . 13
Figure 6 – N-port matrix switch . 14
Figure 7 – Transfer matrix for N-ports switch . 14
Figure 8 – Four-port switch without crossover . 14
Figure 9 – Four-port switch with crossover . 15
Figure 10 – Configuration A, a device containing integral fibre optic pigtails without
connectors . 15
Figure 11 – Configuration B, a device containing integral fibre optic pigtails, with a
connector on each pigtail. 15
Figure 12 – Configuration C, a device containing a fibre optic connector as an integral
part of the device housing . 16
Figure 13 – Standards . 22
Figure A.1 – Example of 1×2 MO switch . 26
Figure A.2 – Example of mechanical switch (mirror driving type) . 27
Figure A.3 – Example of mechanical switch (fibre driving type) . 28
Figure A.4 – Example of MEMS switch . 28
Figure A.5 – Example of TO switch . 29
Figure A.6 – Output power of TO switch . 29
Figure A.7 – Example of switching response of TO switch. 30
Figure A.8 – 1×N and N×N examples of TO switch . 30
Table 1 – Example of a typical switch classification . 12
Table 2 – Transfer matrix of a four-port switch without crossover . 14
Table 3 – Transfer matrix of a four-port switch with crossover . 15
Table 4 – The IEC specification structure . 18
Table 5 – Standards interlink matrix . 23
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– 4 – 60876-1 IEC:2012(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES
AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC SPATIAL SWITCHES –
Part 1: Generic specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60876-1 has been prepared by subcommittee SC86B: Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2001. It constitutes a
technical revision. The changes with respect to the previous edition are to remove quality
assessment procedures and to reconsider definitions.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
60876-1 IEC:2012(E) – 5 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
86B/3276/CDV 86B/3339/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60876 series, published under the general title Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components-Fibre optic spatial switches can be found on
the IEC website.
Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cited above. Titles of existing
standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication
indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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– 6 – 60876-1 IEC:2012(E)
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES
AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC SPATIAL SWITCHES –
Part 1: Generic specification
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60876 applies to fibre optic switches possessing all of the following general
features:
– they are passive in that they contain no optoelectronic or other transducing elements;
– they have one or more ports for the transmission of optical power and two or more states in
which power may be routed or blocked between these ports;
– the ports are optical fibres or fibre optic connectors.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
)
IEC 60617 (all parts), Graphical symbols for diagrams (available at )
IEC 60695-11-5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 61300 (all parts), Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test
and measurement procedures
IEC/TR 61930, Fibre optic graphical symbology
IEC 62047-1, Semiconductor devices – Micro-electromechanical devices – Part 1: Terms and
definitions
ISO 129-1, Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances – Part 1: General
principles
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product specification (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on linear
sizes – Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances of
form, orientation, location and run-out
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
60876-1 IEC:2012(E) – 7 –
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation
of dates and times
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of IEC 60876, the definitions given in IEC 60050-731 apply,
together with the following definitions.
3.1 Basic terms and definitions
3.1.1
port
optical fibre or fibre optic connector attached to a passive component for the entry and/or exit
of optical power
3.1.2
transfer matrix
optical properties of a fibre optic switch can be defined in a n × n matrix of coefficients (n is the
number of ports)
Note 1 to entry: The T matrix represents the on-state paths (worst-case transmission) and the T° matrix represents
the off-state paths (worst-case isolation).
3.1.3
transfer coefficient
element t or t° of the transfer matrix
ij ij
Note 1 to entry: Each transfer coefficient t is the worst-case (minimum) fraction of power transferred from port i to
ij
port j for any state with path ij switched on. Each coefficient t° is the worst-case (maximum) fraction of power
ij
transferred from port i to port j for any state with path ij switched off.
3.1.4
logarithmic transfer matrix
a = –10 log t
ij ij
where
is the optical power reduction in decibels out of port j with unit power into port i, i.e.
a
ij
t is the transfer coefficient.
ij
Note 1 to entry: Similarly, for the off state, a° = –10 log t°
ij ij
3.2 Component definitions
3.2.1
optical switch
passive component processing one or more ports which selectively transmits, redirects or
blocks optical power in an optical fibre transmission line
3.2.2
switch state
particular optical configuration of a switch, whereby optical power is transmitted or blocked
between specific ports in a predetermined manner
3.2.3
actuation mechanism
physical means (mechanical, electrical, acoustic, optical, etc.) by which a switch is designed to
change between states
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– 8 – 60876-1 IEC:2012(E)
3.2.4
actuation energy
input energy required to place a switch in a specific state
3.2.5
latching switch
switch that maintains its last state and specified performance level when the actuation energy
which initiated the change is removed
3.2.6
non-latching switch
switch that reverts to a home state or undefined state when the actuation energy which initiated
a change is removed
3.2.7
blocking
inability to establish a connection from a free input port to a free output port due to the
existence of some other established connection
Note 1 to entry: Blocking and various degrees of non-blocking operation functionalities are of various types.
“Strict-sense non-blocking” refers to a switch matrix in which it is always possible to establish a connection between
any free input port and any free output port irrespective of previously established connections.
“Wide-sense non-blocking” refers to a matrix in which it is always possible to establish a desired connection
provided that some systematic procedure is followed in setting up connections. Some multistage switching
architectures fall into this category.
“Rearrangeably non-blocking” refers to a switch matrix in which any free input port can be connected to any free
output port provided that other established connections are unconnected and then reconnected as part of making
the new connection.
3.2.8
magneto-optic effect switch
MO switch
optical switch which uses the magneto-optic effect (phenomenon of polarization state change
in transmitted light and reflected light due to a magnetic field)
3.2.9
mechanical switch
optical switch, which realises the switching function by driving of the movable part
3.2.10
micro-electromechanical system switch
MEMS switch
optical switch using MEMS technology, as defined in IEC 62047-1
3.2.11
thermo-optic effect switch
TO switch
optical switch which uses the thermo-optic effect (phenomenon of refractive index change
caused by temperature variation)
3.3 Performance parameter definitions
3.3.1
insertion loss
element a (where i ≠ j) of the logarithmic transfer matrix
ij
Note 1 to entry: It is the reduction in optical power between an input and output port of a passive component
expressed in decibels and is defined as follows:
a = –10 log (P /P )
ij j i
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
60876-1 IEC:2012(E) – 9 –
where
P is the optical power launched into the input port, and
i
P is the optical power received from the output port.
j
Note 2 to entry: The insertion loss values depend on the state of the switch.
3.3.2
return loss
element a (where i = j) of the logarithmic transfer matrix
ij
Note 1 to entry: It is the fraction of input power that is returned from the input port of a passive component and is
defined as follows:
RL = –10 log (P /P )
i refl i
where
P is the optical power launched into the input port, and
i
P is the optical power received back from the same port.
refl
Note 2 to entry: The return loss values depend on the state of the switch.
3.3.3
operating wavelength
λ
nominal wavelength at which a passive component is designed to operate with the specified
performance
3.3.4
latency time
3.3.4.1
latency time
t
l
elapsed time when the output power of a
specified output port reaches 10 % of its steady-state value of the output power from the time
the actuation energy is applied
SEE: Figure 1
3.3.4.2
latency time
t ’
l
elapsed time when the output power of a
specified output port reaches 90 % of its steady-state value of the output power from the time
the actuation energy is removed
SEE: Figure 1
3.3.5
rise time
elapsed time when the output power of the specified output port rises from 10 % of the steady-
state value to 90 % of the steady-state value
3.3.6
fall time
elapsed time when the output power of the specified output port falls from 90 % of the
steady-state value to 10 % of the steady-state value
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – 60876-1 IEC:2012(E)
3.3.7
bounce time
3.3.7.1
bounce time
t
b
elapsed time when the output power of a
specified output port maintains between 90 % and 110 % of its steady-state value of the output
power from the first time the output power of a specified output port reaches to 90 % of its
steady-state value of the output power
SEE: Figure 1
3.3.7.2
bounce time
t ’
b
elapsed time when the output power of a
specified output port maintains between 0 % and 10 % of its steady-state value of the output
power from the first time the output power of a specified output port reaches to 10 % of its
steady-state value of the output power
SEE: Figure 1
3.3.8
switching time
3.3.8.1
switching time
t
s
the switching time is defined as follows:
= t + t + t
t
s l r b
where
t is latency time;
l
t is rise time;
r
t is bounce time.
b
3.3.8.2
switching time
t ’
s
the switching time is defined as follows:
t ’ = t ’ + t + t ’
s l f b
where
t ’ is latency time;
l
t is fall time;
f
t ’ is bounce time.
b
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
60876-1 IEC:2012(E) – 11 –
Actuation energy supply
Output port power
110 % of steady-state
Power
Steady-state
90 % of steady-state
10 % of steady-state
t t ’
t t ’ t b Time
l t l f
r
b
t ’
t
s
s
t t ’ Swithing time
s, s
t t ’ Latency time
l, l
t Rise time
r
t Fall time
f
t , t ’ Bounce time
b b
IEC 1321/12
Figure 1 – Representation of latency time, rise time,
fall time, bounce time, and switching time
Note 1 to entry: In the case in which, for any reason, the steady-state power of the isolated state is not zero, all
the power levels leading to the definitions of latency time, rise time, fall time, bounce time, and thus of switching
time, should be normalized subtracting from them the steady-state power of the isolated state, before applying such
definitions.
3.3.9
switching time matrix
matrix of coefficients in which each coefficient S is the longest switching time to turn path ij on
ij
or off from any initial state
4 Requirements
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 General
Fibre optic spatial switches shall be classified based on the following:
– type;
– style;
– variant;
– assessment level;
– normative reference extensions.
Table 1 is an example of a switch classification.
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
– 12 – 60876-1 IEC:2012(E)
Table 1 – Example of a typical switch classification
Type:
1×2 mechanical switch
Style: – Configuration B
– IEC type A1 a fibre
– F-SMA connector
Variants: Means of mounting
Assessment level:
A
Normative reference extensions: .
4.1.2 Type
4.1.2.1 General
Switches are divided into types by their actuation mechanism, latching and topology (optical
switching function).
There are multiple actuation mechanisms of switches. The following is a non-exhaustive list of
examples of current technologies used in the industry:
– magneto-optic effect (MO);
– mechanical;
– micro-electromechanical system (MEMS);
– thermo-optic effect (TO).
Switches are divided into two types based on the latching function as follows:
– latching switch;
– non-latching switch.
There are an essentially infinite number of possible topologies. Each topology is illustrated by a
schematic diagram and defined by a unique transfer matrix.
The following device topologies include only those which are in common use within the industry
at present. The schematic diagrams which follow do not necessarily correspond to the physical
layout of the switch and its ports.
The examples given in 4.1.2.2 to 4.1.2.4 apply to unidirectional switches only, where t ≠ t . For
ij ji
bi-directional switches, t = t in each transfer matrix below.
ij ji
4.1.2.2 Single-pole, single-throw switch
Figure 2 shows a single-pole, single-throw switch.
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
6
...
IEC 60876-1
®
Edition 4.0 2012-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
spatial switches –
Part 1: Generic specification
Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs à fibres optiques –
Commutateurs spatiaux à fibres optiques –
Partie 1: Spécification générique
IEC 60876-1:2012
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2007 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
Useful links:
IEC publications search - www.iec.ch/searchpub Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
The advanced search enables you to find IEC publications The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and
by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical electrical terms containing more than 30 000 terms and
committee,…). definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in
It also gives information on projects, replaced and additional languages. Also known as the International
withdrawn publications. Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) on-line.
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IEC 60876-1
®
Edition 4.0 2012-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
spatial switches –
Part 1: Generic specification
Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs à fibres optiques –
Commutateurs spatiaux à fibres optiques –
Partie 1: Spécification générique
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX V
ICS 33.180.20 ISBN 978-2-83220-663-8
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Basic terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Component definitions . 7
3.3 Performance parameter definitions . 8
4 Requirements . 11
4.1 Classification . 11
4.1.1 General . 11
4.1.2 Type . 12
4.1.3 Style . 15
4.1.4 Variant . 16
4.1.5 Assessment level . 16
4.1.6 Normative reference extension . 16
4.2 Documentation . 17
4.2.1 Symbols . 17
4.2.2 Specification system . 17
4.2.3 Drawings . 19
4.2.4 Test and measurement . 19
4.2.5 Test reports . 20
4.2.6 Instructions for use . 20
4.3 Standardization system . 20
4.3.1 Interface standards . 20
4.3.2 Performance standards . 21
4.3.3 Reliability standards . 21
4.3.4 Interlinking . 22
4.4 Design and construction . 23
4.4.1 Materials . 23
4.4.2 Workmanship . 23
4.5 Quality . 23
4.6 Performance . 23
4.7 Identification and marking . 23
4.7.1 General . 23
4.7.2 Variant identification number . 23
4.7.3 Component marking . 24
4.7.4 Package marking . 24
4.8 Packaging . 24
4.9 Storage conditions . 24
4.10 Safety . 25
Annex A (informative) Example of switch technologies . 26
Bibliography . 31
Figure 1 – Representation of latency time, rise time, fall time, bounce time, and
switching time . 11
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60876-1 IEC:2012 – 3 –
Figure 2 – Single-pole, single-throw switch . 13
Figure 3 – Transfer matrix for one input port and one output port . 13
Figure 4 – Single-pole, throw switch . 13
Figure 5 – Transfer matrix for one input port and N output ports . 13
Figure 6 – N-port matrix switch . 14
Figure 7 – Transfer matrix for N-ports switch . 14
Figure 8 – Four-port switch without crossover . 14
Figure 9 – Four-port switch with crossover . 15
Figure 10 – Configuration A, a device containing integral fibre optic pigtails without
connectors . 15
Figure 11 – Configuration B, a device containing integral fibre optic pigtails, with a
connector on each pigtail. 15
Figure 12 – Configuration C, a device containing a fibre optic connector as an integral
part of the device housing . 16
Figure 13 – Standards . 22
Figure A.1 – Example of 1×2 MO switch . 26
Figure A.2 – Example of mechanical switch (mirror driving type) . 27
Figure A.3 – Example of mechanical switch (fibre driving type) . 28
Figure A.4 – Example of MEMS switch . 28
Figure A.5 – Example of TO switch . 29
Figure A.6 – Output power of TO switch . 29
Figure A.7 – Example of switching response of TO switch. 30
Figure A.8 – 1×N and N×N examples of TO switch . 30
Table 1 – Example of a typical switch classification . 12
Table 2 – Transfer matrix of a four-port switch without crossover . 14
Table 3 – Transfer matrix of a four-port switch with crossover . 15
Table 4 – The IEC specification structure . 18
Table 5 – Standards interlink matrix . 23
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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES
AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC SPATIAL SWITCHES –
Part 1: Generic specification
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60876-1 has been prepared by subcommittee 86B: Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2001. It constitutes a
technical revision. The changes with respect to the previous edition are to remove quality
assessment procedures and to reconsider definitions.
This bilingual version (2013-02) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2012-07.
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60876-1 IEC:2012 – 5 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
86B/3276/CDV 86B/3339/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60876 series, published under the general title Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components-Fibre optic spatial switches can be found on
the IEC website.
Future standards in this series will carry the new general title as cited above. Titles of existing
standards in this series will be updated at the time of the next edition.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication
indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING DEVICES
AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC SPATIAL SWITCHES –
Part 1: Generic specification
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60876 applies to fibre optic switches possessing all of the following general
features:
– they are passive in that they contain no optoelectronic or other transducing elements;
– they have one or more ports for the transmission of optical power and two or more states in
which power may be routed or blocked between these ports;
– the ports are optical fibres or fibre optic connectors.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
)
IEC 60617 (all parts), Graphical symbols for diagrams (available at )
IEC 60695-11-5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements
IEC 61300 (all parts), Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Basic test
and measurement procedures
IEC/TR 61930, Fibre optic graphical symbology
IEC 62047-1, Semiconductor devices – Micro-electromechanical devices – Part 1: Terms and
definitions
ISO 129-1, Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances – Part 1: General
principles
ISO 286-1, Geometrical product specification (GPS) – ISO code system for tolerances on linear
sizes – Part 1: Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances of
form, orientation, location and run-out
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60876-1 IEC:2012 – 7 –
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange – Representation
of dates and times
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of IEC 60876, the definitions given in IEC 60050-731 apply,
together with the following definitions.
3.1 Basic terms and definitions
3.1.1
port
optical fibre or fibre optic connector attached to a passive component for the entry and/or exit
of optical power
3.1.2
transfer matrix
optical properties of a fibre optic switch can be defined in a n × n matrix of coefficients (n is the
number of ports)
Note 1 to entry: The T matrix represents the on-state paths (worst-case transmission) and the T° matrix represents
the off-state paths (worst-case isolation).
3.1.3
transfer coefficient
element t or t° of the transfer matrix
ij ij
Note 1 to entry: Each transfer coefficient t is the worst-case (minimum) fraction of power transferred from port i to
ij
port j for any state with path ij switched on. Each coefficient t° is the worst-case (maximum) fraction of power
ij
transferred from port i to port j for any state with path ij switched off.
3.1.4
logarithmic transfer matrix
a = –10 log t
ij ij
where
is the optical power reduction in decibels out of port j with unit power into port i, i.e.
a
ij
t is the transfer coefficient.
ij
Note 1 to entry: Similarly, for the off state, a° = –10 log t°
ij ij
3.2 Component definitions
3.2.1
optical switch
passive component processing one or more ports which selectively transmits, redirects or
blocks optical power in an optical fibre transmission line
3.2.2
switch state
particular optical configuration of a switch, whereby optical power is transmitted or blocked
between specific ports in a predetermined manner
3.2.3
actuation mechanism
physical means (mechanical, electrical, acoustic, optical, etc.) by which a switch is designed to
change between states
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3.2.4
actuation energy
input energy required to place a switch in a specific state
3.2.5
latching switch
switch that maintains its last state and specified performance level when the actuation energy
which initiated the change is removed
3.2.6
non-latching switch
switch that reverts to a home state or undefined state when the actuation energy which initiated
a change is removed
3.2.7
blocking
inability to establish a connection from a free input port to a free output port due to the
existence of some other established connection
Note 1 to entry: Blocking and various degrees of non-blocking operation functionalities are of various types.
“Strict-sense non-blocking” refers to a switch matrix in which it is always possible to establish a connection between
any free input port and any free output port irrespective of previously established connections.
“Wide-sense non-blocking” refers to a matrix in which it is always possible to establish a desired connection
provided that some systematic procedure is followed in setting up connections. Some multistage switching
architectures fall into this category.
“Rearrangeably non-blocking” refers to a switch matrix in which any free input port can be connected to any free
output port provided that other established connections are unconnected and then reconnected as part of making
the new connection.
3.2.8
magneto-optic effect switch
MO switch
optical switch which uses the magneto-optic effect (phenomenon of polarization state change
in transmitted light and reflected light due to a magnetic field)
3.2.9
mechanical switch
optical switch, which realises the switching function by driving of the movable part
3.2.10
micro-electromechanical system switch
MEMS switch
optical switch using MEMS technology, as defined in IEC 62047-1
3.2.11
thermo-optic effect switch
TO switch
optical switch which uses the thermo-optic effect (phenomenon of refractive index change
caused by temperature variation)
3.3 Performance parameter definitions
3.3.1
insertion loss
element a (where i ≠ j) of the logarithmic transfer matrix
ij
Note 1 to entry: It is the reduction in optical power between an input and output port of a passive component
expressed in decibels and is defined as follows:
a = –10 log (P /P )
ij j i
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60876-1 IEC:2012 – 9 –
where
P is the optical power launched into the input port, and
i
P is the optical power received from the output port.
j
Note 2 to entry: The insertion loss values depend on the state of the switch.
3.3.2
return loss
element a (where i = j) of the logarithmic transfer matrix
ij
Note 1 to entry: It is the fraction of input power that is returned from the input port of a passive component and is
defined as follows:
RL = –10 log (P /P )
i refl i
where
P is the optical power launched into the input port, and
i
P is the optical power received back from the same port.
refl
Note 2 to entry: The return loss values depend on the state of the switch.
3.3.3
operating wavelength
λ
nominal wavelength at which a passive component is designed to operate with the specified
performance
3.3.4
latency time
3.3.4.1
latency time
t
l
elapsed time when the output power of a
specified output port reaches 10 % of its steady-state value of the output power from the time
the actuation energy is applied
SEE: Figure 1
3.3.4.2
latency time
t ’
l
elapsed time when the output power of a
specified output port reaches 90 % of its steady-state value of the output power from the time
the actuation energy is removed
SEE: Figure 1
3.3.5
rise time
elapsed time when the output power of the specified output port rises from 10 % of the steady-
state value to 90 % of the steady-state value
3.3.6
fall time
elapsed time when the output power of the specified output port falls from 90 % of the
steady-state value to 10 % of the steady-state value
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3.3.7
bounce time
3.3.7.1
bounce time
t
b
elapsed time when the output power of a
specified output port maintains between 90 % and 110 % of its steady-state value of the output
power from the first time the output power of a specified output port reaches to 90 % of its
steady-state value of the output power
SEE: Figure 1
3.3.7.2
bounce time
t ’
b
elapsed time when the output power of a
specified output port maintains between 0 % and 10 % of its steady-state value of the output
power from the first time the output power of a specified output port reaches to 10 % of its
steady-state value of the output power
SEE: Figure 1
3.3.8
switching time
3.3.8.1
switching time
t
s
the switching time is defined as follows:
= t + t + t
t
s l r b
where
t is latency time;
l
t is rise time;
r
t is bounce time.
b
3.3.8.2
switching time
t ’
s
the switching time is defined as follows:
t ’ = t ’ + t + t ’
s l f b
where
t ’ is latency time;
l
t is fall time;
f
t ’ is bounce time.
b
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60876-1 IEC:2012 – 11 –
Actuation energy supply
Output port power
110 % of steady-state
Power
Steady-state
90 % of st
...
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