IEC 62077:2010
(Main)Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic circulators - Generic specification
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre optic circulators - Generic specification
IEC 62077:2010 applies to circulators used in the field of fibre optics bearing all of the following features:
- they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre optic connector;
- they are passive devices in accordance with the categorization and definition provided in IEC 62538; and
- they have three or more ports for directionally transmitting optical power.
The changes with respect to the previous edition are:
- having substantially increased the number of terms;
- having added an informative annex for example of filtering technologies;
- having deleted quality assessment procedures.
Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs à fibres optiques - Circulateurs à fibres optiques - Spécification générique
La CEI 62077:2010 s'applique aux circulateurs utilisés dans le domaine des fibres optiques présentant toutes les caractéristiques suivantes:
- ce sont dispositifs optiques non réciproques, dont chaque port est soit une fibre optique, soit un connecteur à fibres optiques;
- ce sont des dispositifs passifs, conformément à la classification et à la définition données dans la CEI 62538; et
- ils disposent d'au moins trois ports pour la transmission de la puissance optique de façon directionnelle.
- Les modifications par rapport à l'édition antérieure concernent:
- l'augmentation substantielle du nombre de termes;
- l'ajout d'une annexe informative fournissant un exemple de technologies de filtrage;
- la suppression des procédures d'évaluation de la qualité.
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IEC 62077
®
Edition 2.0 2010-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
circulators – Generic specification
IEC 62077:2010(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
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The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
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IEC 62077
®
Edition 2.0 2010-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
circulators – Generic specification
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
T
ICS 33.180.20 ISBN 978-2-88910-614-1
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – 62077 © IEC:2010(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope.6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
3.1 Basic terms .7
3.2 Component terms.8
3.3 Performance parameters .8
4 Requirements .10
4.1 Classification.10
4.1.1 General .10
4.1.2 Type.11
4.1.3 Style.11
4.1.4 Variant .12
4.1.5 Assessment level.12
4.1.6 Normative reference extensions .12
4.2 Documentation .13
4.2.1 Symbols .13
4.2.2 Specification system.13
4.2.3 Drawings .15
4.2.4 Test and measurements .15
4.2.5 Test reports .15
4.2.6 Instructions for use.16
4.3 Standardization system .16
4.3.1 Interface standards.16
4.3.2 Performance standards.16
4.3.3 Reliability standards .17
4.3.4 Interlinking .17
4.4 Design and construction .18
4.4.1 Materials .18
4.4.2 Workmanship.19
4.5 Quality .19
4.6 Performance.19
4.7 Identification and marking .19
4.7.1 General .19
4.7.2 Variant identification number .19
4.7.3 Component marking .19
4.7.4 Package marking.20
4.8 Packaging .20
4.9 Storage conditions .20
4.10 Safety .20
Annex A (informative) Example of technology of bulk circulator based on magneto-
optic effect.21
Annex B (informative) Example of application of the circulator .22
Bibliography.23
Figure 1 – Standard system .18
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62077 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –
Figure A.1 – An example of a circulator .21
Figure B.1 – An example of application of the circulator.22
Table 1 – Example of a typical circulator set classification .10
Table 2 – The IEC specification structure.13
Table 3 – Interlink matrix for standards .18
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– 4 – 62077 © IEC:2010(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING
DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC CIRCULATORS – GENERIC SPECIFICATION
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62077 has been prepared by subcommittee 86B: Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. It constitutes a
technical revision.
The changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
– having substantially increased the number of terms;
– having added an informative annex for example of filtering technologies;
– having deleted quality assessment procedures.
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62077 © IEC:2010(E) – 5 –
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
86B/2871/CDV 86B/2950/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – 62077 © IEC:2010(E)
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING
DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC CIRCULATORS – GENERIC SPECIFICATION
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to circulators used in the field of fibre optics bearing all of
the following features:
– they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre
optic connector;
– they are passive devices in accordance with the categorization and definition provided in
IEC 62538;
– they have three or more ports for directionally transmitting optical power.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For update references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050-731, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 731: Optical fibre
communication
IEC 60617-SN, Graphical symbols for diagrams
IEC 60695-11-5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment, classification, requirements and
user’s guide
IEC/TR 61282-9, Fibre optic communication system design guides – Part 9: Guidance on
polarization mode dispersion measurements and theory
IEC 61300 (all parts), Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components
IEC 61930, Fibre optic graphic symbology
IEC/TS 62538, Categorization of optical devices
IEC Guide 102, Electronic components – Specification structures for quality assessment
(Qualification approval and capability approval)
IECQ 01, IEC Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components (IECQ Scheme) – Basic
Rules
IECQ 001002-3, IEC Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components (IECQ) – Rules
of Procedure – Part 3: Approval procedures
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62077 © IEC:2010(E) – 7 –
ISO 129-1, Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances – Part 1: General
principles
ISO 286-1, ISO system of limits and fits – Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances
of form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange –
Representation of dates and times
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050(731),
together with the following definitions, apply.
3.1 Basic terms
3.1.1
port
optical fibre or optical fibre connector attached to a passive component for the entry and/or
exit of the optical power
3.1.2
transfer matrix
optical properties of a fibre optic circulator can be defined in terms of an n × n matrix of
coefficients where n is the number of ports, and the coefficients represent the fractional
optical power transferred between designated ports
NOTE In general, the transfer matrix T is:
⎡t t . t ⎤
11 12 1n
⎢ ⎥
t
22
⎢ ⎥
T =
⎢ ⎥
t
ij
⎢ ⎥
t t t
⎢ ⎥
⎣ n1 n2 nn ⎦
where t is the ratio of the optical power P transferred out of port j with respect to input
ij
ij
power P into port i, that is:
i
t = P /P
ij ij i
3.1.3
transfer coefficient
element t of the transfer matrix
ij
3.1.4
logarithmic transfer matrix
in general, the logarithmic transfer matrix is as follows:
⎡ a a . a ⎤
11 12 1n
⎢ ⎥
a
22
⎢ ⎥
A =
⎢ ⎥
a
ij
⎢ ⎥
a a a
⎢ ⎥
n1 n 2 nn
⎣ ⎦
where a is the optical power reduction, in decibels, out of port j with unit power into port i, that
ij
is:
a = –10 log t
ij ij
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– 8 – 62077 © IEC:2010(E)
where t is the transfer matrix coefficient
ij
3.1.5
conducting ports
two ports i and j between which t is nominally greater than zero
ij
3.1.6
isolated ports
two ports i and j between which t is nominally zero, and a is nominally infinite
ij ij
3.2 Component terms
3.2.1
fibre optic circulator
passive component possessing three or more ports which input and output are cyclic. In the
case of 3 ports circulator with port 1, port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is transmitted
from port 1 to port 2, optical power from port 2 is transmitted to port 3
3.2.2
completely circulated type
type of circulator which all ports is input and output. In the case of 3 ports circulator with port
1, port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is transmitted from port 1 to port 2, optical power
from port 2 is transmitted to port 3 and optical power from port 3 is transmitted to port 1
Circulator
Port 1
Port 3
Port 2
3.2.3
incompletely circulated type
type of circulator which a port is input or output. In the case of 3 ports circulator with port 1,
port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is transmitted from port 1 to port 2, optical power
from port 2 is transmitted to port 3 and optical power from port 3 is not transmitted to port 1
Circulator
Port 1 Port 3
Port 2
3.3 Performance parameters
3.3.1
insertion loss
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an input port i and output port j which optical
ij
power is transmitted. It is the reduction in optical power between an input and output port of a
passive component expressed in decibels and defined as follows:
a = –10 log (P /P )
ij j i
where
Pi is the optical power launched into the input port;
P is the optical power received from the output port
j
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62077 © IEC:2010(E) – 9 –
Supposing optical
Circulator
power is transmitted
from port i to port j
Input port i
Output port j
3.3.2
isolation
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an output port j and input port i which optical
ji
power is transmitted direction opposite to the insertion loss. It is the reduction in optical power
between an input and output port of a passive component, expressed in decibels and defined
as follows:
a = –10 log (P /P )
ji i j
where
P is the optical power received from the input port;
i
P is the optical power launched into the output port
j
Supposing optical
Circulator
power is transmitted
Input port i
from port i to port j
Output port j
3.3.3
directivity
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an port i and port k which optical power is not
ik
transmitted. It is the reduction in optical power between i port and k port of a passive
component expressed in decibels and defined as follows:
a = –10 log (P /P )
ik k i
where
P is the optical power launched into the input port;
i
P is the optical power received from the output port
k
Supposing optical
power is transmitted
from port i to port j
Circulator
and from port j to port k
Input port i
Input port k
Output port j
3.3.4
polarization dependent loss
PDL
for polarization independent circulators, the maximum variation of insertion loss for any state
of polarization of P
j
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– 10 – 62077 © IEC:2010(E)
3.3.5
polarization mode dispersion
PMD
the variation of the differential group delay (DGD) over the bandpass wavelength (or
frequency) range in accordance with IEC/TR 61282-9
3.3.6
operating wavelength
nominal wavelength, λ, at which a passive component is designed to operate with the
specified performance
3.3.7
operating wavelength range;
bandpass
specified range of wavelengths from λ to λ close to a nominal operating wavelength
i min i max
λ , within which a passive component is designed to operate with the specified performance
i
3.3.8
return loss
element a (where i = j) of the logarithmic transfer matrix. It is the fraction of the input power
ij
that is returned from the input port of a passive component. It is defined as:
a = –10 log (P /P )
refl i
ij
where
P is the optical power launched into the i port,
i
P is the optical power received back from i port
refl
4 Requirements
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 General
Fibre optic circulators shall be classified as follows:
– type;
– style;
– variant;
– assessment level;
– normative reference extensions.
An example of a typical circulator classification is as follows:
Table 1 – Example of a typical circulator set classification
Type: – Three port circulator
– Completely circulated type
– Operating wavelength: 1 310 nm
Style: – Configuration: B
– Connector type: FC
– Fibre type: IEC type B 1,2
Variants: – Means of mounting
Assessment level: – ………………………
Normative reference – ………………………
extensions:
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62077 © IEC:2010(E) – 11 –
4.1.2 Type
Circulators are mainly divided into types by their configuration.
• Port numbers:
• Circulated type:
– completely circulated type;
– un-completely circulated type;
• By their operational principles:
– magneto-optic Faraday effect;
– magneto-optic Cotton-Mouton effect and Kerr effect.
• By their operating wavelength:
– short wavelength circulators (e.g. 630 nm);
– long wavelength circulators (e.g. 1 310 nm, 1 550 nm);
– other wavelength circulators.
4.1.3 Style
Optical circulators may be classified into styles based upon fibre type(s), connector type(s),
cable type(s), housing shape and dimensions, and configuration.
The configuration of the circulator ports is classified as follows:
Configuration A – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails without connector:
Circulator
Pigtail Pigtail
Pigtail
Configuration B – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails, with a connector on each
pigtail:
Circulator
Connector Connector
Connector
Configuration C – Device containing connectors as an integral part of the device housing:
Circulator
Connector Connector
Connector
Configuration D – Device containing some combination of the interfacing features of the
preceding configurations, for example:
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
– 12 – 62077 © IEC:2010(E)
Circulator
Pigtail
Connector
Connector
4.1.4 Variant
The circulator variant identifies those common features which encompass structurally similar
components. Examples of features which define a variant include, but are not limited to, the
following:
– position and orientation of ports on housing;
– means of mounting.
4.1.5 Assessment level
Assessment level defines the inspection levels and the acceptable quality level (AQL), of
groups A and B and the periodicity of inspection of groups C and D. Relevant specifications
shall specify one or more assessment levels, each of which shall be designated by a capital
letter.
The following are preferred levels:
– assessment level A:
• group A inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 4 %
• group B inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 4 %
• group C inspection: 24-month periods
• group D inspection: 48-month periods
– assessment level B:
• group A inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 1 %
• group B inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 1 %
• group C inspection: 18-month periods
• group D inspection: 36-month periods
– assessment level C:
• group A inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 0,4 %
• group B inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 0,4 %
• group C inspection: 12-month periods
• group D inspection: 24-month periods
One additional assessment level may be added in the relevant specification. When this is
done, the capital letter X shall be used.
4.1.6 Normative reference extensions
Normative reference extensions are used to identify integrated independent standards
specifications or other reference documents as relevant specifications.
Unless otherwise specified, additional requirements of extensions are mandatory. Usage is
primarily intended to merge associated components to form hybrid devices, or integrated
functional application requirements that are dependent on technical expertise other than fibre
optics.
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
62077 © IEC:2010(E) – 13 –
Some optical fibre circulator configurations require special qualification provisions which shall
not be imposed universally. This accommodates individual component design configurations,
specialized field tooling or specific application processes. In this case, the requirements are
necessary to assure repeatable performance or adequate safety, and provide additional
guidance for complete product specification. These extensions are mandatory whenever used
to prepare, assemble or install an optical fibre circulator, either for field application usage or
preparation of qualification test specimens. The relevant specification shall clarify all
stipulations. However, design and style dependent extensions shall not be imposed
universally.
In the event of conflicting requirements, precedence shall be given, in descending order, as
follows: generic over mandatory extension, over relevant, over detail, over application specific
extension.
Examples of optical connector extensions are given as follows:
• using IEC 61754-4 and IEC 61754-2 to partially define a future specification of the
IEC 60874 series for a duplex type “SC/BFOC/2,5” hybrid connector adapter;
• using IEC 61754-13 and IEC 60869-1 to partially define a future specification of the
IEC 60874 series for an integrated type “FC” preset attenuated optical connector;
• using IEC 61754-2 and IEC 61073-4 to partially define a future specification of the
IEC 60874 series for a duplex “BFOC/2,5” receptacle incorporating integral mechanical
splices.
Other examples of requirements to normative extensions:
– some commercial or residential building applications may require direct reference to
specific safety codes and regulations or incorporate other specific material flammability or
toxicity requirements for specialized locations;
– specialized field tooling may require an extension to implement specific ocular safety,
electrical shock, burn hazard avoidance requirements, or require isolation procedures to
prevent potential ignition of combustible gases.
4.2 Documentation
4.2.1 Symbols
Graphical and letter symbols shall, whenever possible, be taken from the IEC 60027 series,
IEC 60617 and IEC 61930.
4.2.2 Specification system
4.2.2.1 General
This specification is part of a three-level IEC specification system. Subsidiary specifications
shall consist of relevant specifications and relevant specifications. This system is shown in
Table 1. There are no sectional specifications for circulators.
Table 2 – The IEC specification structure
Specification level Examples of information to be included Applicable to
– Assessment system rules
– Inspection rules
– Optical measurement methods
– Environmental test methods
Two or more component families or
Basic
sub-families
– Sampling plans
– Identification rule
– Marking standards
– Dimensional standards
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
– 14 – 62077 © IEC:2010(E)
Specification level Examples of information to be included Applicable to
– Terminology
– Symbol standards
– Preferred number series
– SI units
– Specific terminology
– Specific symbols
– Specific units
– Preferred values
Generic – Marking Component family
– Quality assessment procedures
– Selection of tests
– Qualification approval procedures
– Capability approval procedures
– Quality conformation test schedule
Groups of types and/or styles having a
Relevant – Inspection requirements
common test schedule
– Information common to a number of types
– Individual values
– Specific information
Detail Individual component(s)
– Completed quality conformance test
schedules
4.2.2.2 Relevant specification
Relevant specifications are not, by themselves, a specification level. They are associated with
the generic specification.
Each relevant spe
...
IEC 62077
®
Edition 2.0 2010-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
circulators – Generic specification
Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs à fibres optiques –
Circulateurs à fibres optiques – Spécification générique
IEC 62077:2010
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2010 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
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If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
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publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.
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About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
§ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
The IEC on-line Catalogue enables you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,…).
It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications.
§ IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month all new publications released. Available
on-line and also by email.
§ Electropedia: www.electropedia.org
The world's leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions
in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
§ Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 62077
®
Edition 2.0 2010-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components – Fibre optic
circulators – Generic specification
Dispositifs d'interconnexion et composants passifs à fibres optiques –
Circulateurs à fibres optiques – Spécification générique
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
T
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.180.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-278-3
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – 62077 Ó IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREW ORD . 4
1 Sc o pe . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Basic terms . 7
3.2 Component terms . 8
3.3 Performance parameters . 8
4 Requirements . 10
4.1 Classification . 10
4.1.1 General . 10
4.1.2 Type . 11
4.1.3 Style . 11
4.1.4 Variant . 12
4.1.5 Assessment level . 12
4.1.6 Normative reference extensions . 12
4.2 Documentation. 13
4.2.1 Symbols . 13
4.2.2 Specification system . 13
4.2.3 Drawings . 14
4.2.4 Test and measurements . 15
4.2.5 Test reports . 15
4.2.6 Instructions for use . 15
4.3 Standardization system. 16
4.3.1 Interface standards . 16
4.3.2 Performance standards . 16
4.3.3 Reliability standards . 16
4.3.4 Interlinking . 17
4.4 Design and construction . 18
4.4.1 Materials . 18
4.4.2 W orkmanship . 18
4.5 Quality . 19
4.6 Perform ance . 19
4.7 Identification and marking . 19
4.7.1 General . 19
4.7.2 Variant identification number . 19
4.7.3 Component marking . 19
4.7.4 Package marking . 20
4.8 Packaging . 20
4.9 Storage conditions . 20
4.10 Safety . 20
Annex A (informative) Example of technology of bulk circulator based on magneto-
optic effect . 21
Annex B (informative) Example of application of the circulator . 22
Bibliography . 23
Figure 1 – Standard system . 18
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62077 Ó IEC:2010 – 3 –
Figure A.1 – An example of a circulator . 21
Figure B.1 – An example of application of the circulator. 22
Table 1 – Example of a typical circulator set classification . 10
Table 2 – The IEC specification structure . 13
Table 3 – Interlink matrix for standards . 18
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– 4 – 62077 Ó IEC:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING
DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC CIRCULATORS – GENERIC SPECIFICATION
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62077 has been prepared by subcommittee 86B: Fibre optic
interconnecting devices and passive components, of IEC technical committee 86: Fibre optics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. It constitutes a
technical revision.
The changes with respect to the previous edition are listed below:
– having substantially increased the number of terms;
– having added an informative annex for example of filtering technologies;
– having deleted quality assessment procedures.
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
62077 Ó IEC:2010 – 5 –
This bilingual version, published in 2010-12, corresponds to the English version.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
CDV Report on voting
86B/2871/CDV 86B/2950/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – 62077 Ó IEC:2010
FIBRE OPTIC INTERCONNECTING
DEVICES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS –
FIBRE OPTIC CIRCULATORS – GENERIC SPECIFICATION
1 Scope
This International Standard applies to circulators used in the field of fibre optics bearing all of
the following features:
– they are non-reciprocal optical devices, in which each port is either an optical fibre or fibre
optic connector;
– they are passive devices in accordance with the categorization and definition provided in
IEC 62538;
– they have three or more ports for directionally transmitting optical power.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For update references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60027 (all parts), Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology
IEC 60050-731, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 731: Optical fibre
communication
IEC 60617-SN, Graphical symbols for diagrams
IEC 60695-11-5, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products – Part 1: Equipment, classification, requirements and
user’s guide
IEC/TR 61282-9, Fibre optic communication system design guides – Part 9: Guidance on
polarization mode dispersion measurements and theory
IEC 61300 (all parts), Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components
IEC 61930, Fibre optic graphic symbology
IEC/TS 62538, Categorization of optical devices
IEC Guide 102, Electronic components – Specification structures for quality assessment
(Qualification approval and capability approval)
IECQ 01, IEC Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components (IECQ Scheme) – Basic
Rules
IECQ 001002-3, IEC Quality Assessment System for Electronic Components (IECQ) – Rules
of Procedure – Part 3: Approval procedures
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
62077 Ó IEC:2010 – 7 –
ISO 129-1, Technical drawings – Indication of dimensions and tolerances – Part 1: General
principles
ISO 286-1, ISO system of limits and fits – Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits
ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Geometrical tolerancing – Tolerances
of form, orientation, location and run-out
ISO 8601, Data elements and interchange formats – Information interchange –
Representation of dates and times
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050(731),
together with the following definitions, apply.
3.1 Basic terms
3.1.1
port
optical fibre or optical fibre connector attached to a passive component for the entry and/or
exit of the optical power
3.1.2
transfer matrix
optical properties of a fibre optic circulator can be defined in terms of an n ´ n matrix of
coefficients where n is the number of ports, and the coefficients represent the fractional
optical power transferred between designated ports
NOTE In general, the transfer matrix T is:
ét t . t ù
11 12 1n
ê ú
t
22
ê ú
T =
ê ú
t
ij
ê ú
t t t
ê ú
ë n1 n2 nn û
where t is the ratio of the optical power P transferred out of port j with respect to input
ij
ij
power P into port i, that is:
i
t = P /P
ij ij i
3.1.3
transfer coefficient
element t of the transfer matrix
ij
3.1.4
logarithmic transfer matrix
in general, the logarithmic transfer matrix is as follows:
é a a . a ù
11 12 1n
ê ú
a
22
ê ú
A =
ê ú
a
ij
ê ú
a a a
ê ú
n1 n 2 nn
ë û
where a is the optical power reduction, in decibels, out of port j with unit power into port i, that
ij
is:
a = –10 log t
ij ij
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
– 8 – 62077 Ó IEC:2010
where t is the transfer matrix coefficient
ij
3.1.5
conducting ports
two ports i and j between which t is nominally greater than zero
ij
3.1.6
isolated ports
two ports i and j between which t is nominally zero, and a is nominally infinite
ij ij
3.2 Component terms
3.2.1
fibre optic circulator
passive component possessing three or more ports which input and output are cyclic. In the
case of 3 ports circulator with port 1, port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is transmitted
from port 1 to port 2, optical power from port 2 is transmitted to port 3
3.2.2
completely circulated type
type of circulator which all ports is input and output. In the case of 3 ports circulator with port
1, port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is transmitted from port 1 to port 2, optical power
from port 2 is transmitted to port 3 and optical power from port 3 is transmitted to port 1
Circulator
Port 1
Port 3
Port 2
3.2.3
incompletely circulated type
type of circulator which a port is input or output. In the case of 3 ports circulator with port 1,
port 2 and port 3, supposing optical power is transmitted from port 1 to port 2, optical power
from port 2 is transmitted to port 3 and optical power from port 3 is not transmitted to port 1
Circulator
Port 1 Port 3
Port 2
3.3 Performance parameters
3.3.1
insertion loss
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an input port i and output port j which optical
ij
power is transmitted. It is the reduction in optical power between an input and output port of a
passive component expressed in decibels and defined as follows:
a = –10 log (P /P )
ij j i
where
Pi is the optical power launched into the input port;
P is the optical power received from the output port
j
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
62077 Ó IEC:2010 – 9 –
Supposing optical
Circulator
power is transmitted
from port i to port j
Input port i
Output port j
3.3.2
isolation
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an output port j and input port i which optical
ji
power is transmitted direction opposite to the insertion loss. It is the reduction in optical power
between an input and output port of a passive component, expressed in decibels and defined
as follows:
a = –10 log (P /P )
ji i j
where
P is the optical power received from the input port;
i
P is the optical power launched into the output port
j
Supposing optical
Circulator
power is transmitted
Input port i
from port i to port j
Output port j
3.3.3
directivity
element a of the logarithmic transfer matrix of an port i and port k which optical power is not
ik
transmitted. It is the reduction in optical power between i port and k port of a passive
component expressed in decibels and defined as follows:
a = –10 log (P /P )
ik k i
where
P is the optical power launched into the input port;
i
P is the optical power received from the output port
k
Supposing optical
power is transmitted
from port i to port j
Circulator
and from port j to port k
Input port i
Input port k
Output port j
3.3.4
polarization dependent loss
PDL
for polarization independent circulators, the maximum variation of insertion loss for any state
of polarization of P
j
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
– 10 – 62077 Ó IEC:2010
3.3.5
polarization mode dispersion
PMD
the variation of the differential group delay (DGD) over the bandpass wavelength (or
frequency) range in accordance with IEC/TR 61282-9
3.3.6
operating wavelength
nominal wavelength, l, at which a passive component is designed to operate with the
specified performance
3.3.7
operating wavelength range;
bandpass
specified range of wavelengths from l l
to close to a nominal operating wavelength
i min i max
l , within which a passive component is designed to operate with the specified performance
i
3.3.8
return loss
element a (where i = j) of the logarithmic transfer matrix. It is the fraction of the input power
ij
that is returned from the input port of a passive component. It is defined as:
a = –10 log (P /P )
refl i
ij
where
P is the optical power launched into the i port,
i
P is the optical power received back from i port
refl
4 Requirements
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 General
Fibre optic circulators shall be classified as follows:
– type;
– style;
– variant;
– assessment level;
– normative reference extensions.
An example of a typical circulator classification is as follows:
Table 1 – Example of a typical circulator set classification
Type: – Three port circulator
– Completely circulated type
– Operating wavelength: 1 310 nm
Style: – Configuration: B
– Connector type: FC
– Fibre type: IEC type B 1,2
Variants: – Means of mounting
Assessment level: – ………………………
– ………………………
Normative reference
extensions:
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
62077 Ó IEC:2010 – 11 –
4.1.2 Type
Circulators are mainly divided into types by their configuration.
· Port numbers:
· Circulated type:
– completely circulated type;
– un-completely circulated type;
· By their operational principles:
– magneto-optic Faraday effect;
– magneto-optic Cotton-Mouton effect and Kerr effect.
· By their operating wavelength:
– short wavelength circulators (e.g. 630 nm);
– long wavelength circulators (e.g. 1 310 nm, 1 550 nm);
– other wavelength circulators.
4.1.3 Style
Optical circulators may be classified into styles based upon fibre type(s), connector type(s),
cable type(s), housing shape and dimensions, and configuration.
The configuration of the circulator ports is classified as follows:
Configuration A – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails without connector:
Circulator
Pigtail Pigtail
Pigtail
Configuration B – Device containing integral fibre optic pigtails, with a connector on each
pigtail:
Circulator
Connector Connector
Connector
Configuration C – Device containing connectors as an integral part of the device housing:
Circulator
Connector Connector
Connector
Configuration D – Device containing some combination of the interfacing features of the
preceding configurations, for example:
Circulator
Pigtail
Connector
Connector
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– 12 – 62077 Ó IEC:2010
4.1.4 Variant
The circulator variant identifies those common features which encompass structurally similar
components. Examples of features which define a variant include, but are not limited to, the
following:
– position and orientation of ports on housing;
– means of mounting.
4.1.5 Assessment level
Assessment level defines the inspection levels and the acceptable quality level (AQL), of
groups A and B and the periodicity of inspection of groups C and D. Relevant specifications
shall specify one or more assessment levels, each of which shall be designated by a capital
letter.
The following are preferred levels:
– assessment level A:
· group A inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 4 %
· group B inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 4 %
· group C inspection: 24-month periods
· group D inspection: 48-month periods
– assessment level B:
· group A inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 1 %
· group B inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 1 %
· group C inspection: 18-month periods
· group D inspection: 36-month periods
– assessment level C:
· group A inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 0,4 %
· group B inspection: inspection level II, AQL = 0,4 %
· group C inspection: 12-month periods
· group D inspection: 24-month periods
One additional assessment level may be added in the relevant specification. When this is
done, the capital letter X shall be used.
4.1.6 Normative reference extensions
Normative reference extensions are used to identify integrated independent standards
specifications or other reference documents as relevant specifications.
Unless otherwise specified, additional requirements of extensions are mandatory. Usage is
primarily intended to merge associated components to form hybrid devices, or integrated
functional application requirements that are dependent on technical expertise other than fibre
optics.
Some optical fibre circulator configurations require special qualification provisions which shall
not be imposed universally. This accommodates individual component design configurations,
specialized field tooling or specific application processes. In this case, the requirements are
necessary to assure repeatable performance or adequate safety, and provide additional
guidance for complete product specification. These extensions are mandatory whenever used
to prepare, assemble or install an optical fibre circulator, either for field application usage or
preparation of qualification test specimens. The relevant specification shall clarify all
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
62077 Ó IEC:2010 – 13 –
stipulations. However, design and style dependent extensions shall not be imposed
universally.
In the event of conflicting requirements, precedence shall be given, in descending order, as
follows: generic over mandatory extension, over relevant, over detail, over application specific
extension.
Examples of optical connector extensions are given as follows:
· using IEC 61754-4 and IEC 61754-2 to partially define a future specification of the
IEC 60874 series for a duplex type “SC/BFOC/2,5” hybrid connector adapter;
· using IEC 61754-13 and IEC 60869-1 to partially define a future specification of the
IEC 60874 series for an integrated type “FC” preset attenuated optical connector;
· us
...
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