IEC 60794-1-310:2022

Optical fibre cables - Part 1-310: Generic specification - Basic optical cable test procedures - Cable element test methods - Strippability, method G10

IEC 60794-1-310:2022 describes test procedures to be used in establishing uniform requirements of optical fibre cable elements for the mechanical property – strippability. This document applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres and electrical conductors. Throughout the document, the wording "optical cable" can also include optical fibre units, microduct fibre units, etc. This document partially cancels and replaces IEC 60794-1-23:2019. This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to IEC 60794-1-23:2019: inclusion of semi-tight buffer fibres in method G10C.

Câbles à fibres optiques - Partie 1-310: Spécification générique - Procédures fondamentales d’essai des câbles optiques - Méthodes d’essai des éléments de câbles - Dénudabilité, méthode G10

IEC 60794-1-310: 2022 décrit les procédures d’essai à utiliser pour l’établissement d’exigences uniformes pour la propriété mécanique de dénudabilité des éléments de câbles à fibres optiques. Le présent document s’applique aux câbles à fibres optiques destinés à être utilisés avec des équipements de télécommunication et des dispositifs utilisant des techniques analogues, ainsi qu'aux câbles constitués de fibres optiques d’une part et de conducteurs électriques d’autre part.Dans le présent document, l'expression "câble optique" peut également englober les unités de fibres optiques, les unités de fibres pour microconduit, etc. Le présent document annule et remplace partiellement l’IEC 60794-1-23:2019. Cette édition inclut la modification technique majeure suivante par rapport à IEC 60794-1-23:2019: ajout des fibres à structure semi-serrée dans la méthode G10C.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 25-Apr-2022
• ICS: 33.180.10 - Fibres and cables
• Technical Committee: SC 86A - Fibres and cables
• Current Stage: PPUB - Publication issued
• Start Date: 26-Apr-2022
• Completion Date: 03-Jun-2022

Relations

• Replaces: IEC 60794-1-23:2019 - Optical fibre cables - Part 1-23: Generic specification - Basic optical cable test procedures - Cable element test methods
• Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Overview

IEC 60794-1-310:2022 is an international standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that specifies uniform test procedures for measuring the strippability of optical fibre cable elements. This document, titled Optical fibre cables - Part 1-310: Generic specification - Basic optical cable test procedures - Cable element test methods - Strippability, method G10, provides detailed methods to evaluate the mechanical property of optical fibre cables and cable elements regarding their ease and consistency of stripping coatings or buffers. This standard applies to optical fibre cables used in telecommunications as well as hybrid cables containing both optical fibres and electrical conductors.

The 2022 edition supersedes IEC 60794-1-23:2019 and includes significant updates such as the inclusion of semi-tight buffer fibres in method G10C. It is essential for manufacturers, test laboratories, and quality assurance professionals involved in optical fibre cable production and testing.

Key Topics

• Scope and Application:
  Establishes test procedures for uniform requirements of mechanical strippability of optical fibre cable elements. Applies to optical fibre units, microduct fibre units, and cables with mixed optical and electrical elements.

• Stripping Force Stability (Method G10A):
  Measures how stable the force required to strip fibre coatings remains after environmental conditioning. Critical for ensuring cable performance under various operating conditions.

• Strippability of Optical Fibre Ribbons (Method G10B):
  Tests the ease of stripping coatings from optical fibre ribbons, which are common in high-density fibre optic cables.

• Strippability of Buffered Optical Fibres (Method G10C):
  Newly updated to include semi-tight buffer fibres, focusing on the mechanical stripping of coated buffered fibres.

• Sample Preparation and Testing:
  Detailed guidance on sample lengths, environmental preconditioning, and standardized apparatus setup to ensure repeatable and meaningful test results.

• General Requirements:
  Refers to IEC 60794-1-2 for overarching test procedure guidelines and normative references like IEC 60793-1-32:2018 for coating strippability testing methods.

Applications

• Quality Control in Fibre Optic Cable Manufacturing:
  Ensures that cable elements meet uniform standards for coating hardness and removal, preventing damage during installation and maintenance.

• Telecommunications Equipment Compatibility:
  Guarantees that optical fibres within cables can be reliably stripped for termination or splicing in telecommunication devices.

• Hybrid Cable Testing:
  Applicable to optical cables that combine optical fibres and electrical conductors, supporting diverse cable designs used in advanced communication networks.

• Research and Development:
  Supports innovations in fibre coatings and buffer designs by providing test procedures to validate new materials and constructions.

• Certification and Compliance:
  Provides a reference framework for certification bodies and laboratories to assess conformity with international mechanical property standards of optical fibres.

Related Standards

• IEC 60794-1-2: Generic specification for basic optical cable test procedures - provides overarching guidance applicable to this method and others.

• IEC 60793-1-32:2018: Optical fibres - Measurement methods and test procedures for coating strippability - closely linked for detailed fibre coating properties.

• IEC 60794-1-22:2017: Generic specification for environmental test methods - complements mechanical tests by addressing environmental influences.

Practical Value

Adoption of IEC 60794-1-310:2022 facilitates consistent evaluation of optical fibre cable strippability, reducing risks of fibre damage during stripping and installation. This enhances network reliability, lowers maintenance costs, and supports manufacturers in delivering devices that meet rigorous international mechanical standards. Standardized procedures enable manufacturers worldwide to benchmark, certify, and improve cable elements, driving quality assurance across the telecommunications industry.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60794-1-310 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Optical fibre cables –
Part 1-310: Generic specification – Basic optical cable test procedures – Cable
element test methods – Strippability, method G10

Câbles à fibres optiques –
Partie 1-310: Spécification générique – Procédures fondamentales d’essai des
câbles optiques – Méthodes d’essai des éléments de câbles – Dénudabilité,
méthode G10
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf indication contraire, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite
ni utilisée sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie
et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'IEC ou du Comité national de l'IEC du pays du demandeur. Si vous avez des
questions sur le copyright de l'IEC ou si vous désirez obtenir des droits supplémentaires sur cette publication, utilisez
les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de l'IEC de votre pays de résidence.

IEC Secretariat Tel.: [phone]
3, rue de Varembé [e-mail]
CH-1211 Geneva 20 www.iec.ch
Switzerland
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigendum or an amendment might have been published.

IEC publications search - webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
The advanced search enables to find IEC publications by a Discover our powerful search engine and read freely all the
variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical publications previews. With a subscription you will always
committee, …). It also gives information on projects, replaced have access to up to date content tailored to your needs.
and withdrawn publications.
Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
The world's leading online dictionary on electrotechnology,
Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published
containing more than 22 300 terminological entries in English
details all new publications released. Available online and
and French, with equivalent terms in 19 additional languages.
once a month by email.
Also known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

(IEV) online.
IEC Customer Service Centre - webstore.iec.ch/csc
If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or
need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service
Centre: [e-mail].
A propos de l'IEC
La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est la première organisation mondiale qui élabore et publie des
Normes internationales pour tout ce qui a trait à l'électricité, à l'électronique et aux technologies apparentées.

A propos des publications IEC
Le contenu technique des publications IEC est constamment revu. Veuillez vous assurer que vous possédez l’édition la
plus récente, un corrigendum ou amendement peut avoir été publié.

Recherche de publications IEC - IEC Products & Services Portal - products.iec.ch
webstore.iec.ch/advsearchform Découvrez notre puissant moteur de recherche et consultez
La recherche avancée permet de trouver des publications IEC gratuitement tous les aperçus des publications. Avec un
en utilisant différents critères (numéro de référence, texte, abonnement, vous aurez toujours accès à un contenu à jour
comité d’études, …). Elle donne aussi des informations sur adapté à vos besoins.
les projets et les publications remplacées ou retirées.

Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
IEC Just Published - webstore.iec.ch/justpublished
Le premier dictionnaire d'électrotechnologie en ligne au
Restez informé sur les nouvelles publications IEC. Just
monde, avec plus de 22 300 articles terminologiques en
Published détaille les nouvelles publications parues.
anglais et en français, ainsi que les termes équivalents dans
Disponible en ligne et une fois par mois par email.
19 langues additionnelles. Egalement appelé Vocabulaire

Electrotechnique International (IEV) en ligne.
Service Clients - webstore.iec.ch/csc

Si vous désirez nous donner des commentaires sur cette
publication ou si vous avez des questions contactez-nous:
[e-mail].
IEC 60794-1-310 ®
Edition 1.0 2022-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Optical fibre cables –
Part 1-310: Generic specification – Basic optical cable test procedures – Cable

element test methods – Strippability, method G10

Câbles à fibres optiques –
Partie 1-310: Spécification générique – Procédures fondamentales d’essai des

câbles optiques – Méthodes d’essai des éléments de câbles – Dénudabilité,

méthode G10
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.180.10 ISBN 978-2-8322-1104-6

– 2 – IEC 60794-1-310:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 General requirements . 6
5 Method G10A: Stripping force stability of cabled optical fibres . 7
5.1 Object . 7
5.2 Sample . 7
5.2.1 Sample length . 7
5.2.2 Sample preparation . 7
5.3 Apparatus . 7
5.4 Procedure . 7
5.5 Requirements . 7
5.6 Details to be specified . 7
6 Method G10B: Strippability of optical fibre ribbons . 8
6.1 Object . 8
6.2 Sample . 8
6.3 Apparatus . 8
6.3.1 General . 8
6.3.2 Stripping tool . 8
6.3.3 Motor and slide (if used) . 8
6.4 Positioning and holding equipment . 9
6.5 Alcohol wipe . 9
6.6 Procedure . 9
6.7 Requirements . 9
6.8 Details to be specified . 10
7 Method G10C: Strippability of buffered optical fibres . 10
7.1 Object . 10
7.2 Sample . 10
7.3 Apparatus . 10
7.4 Procedure . 10
7.5 Requirements . 11
7.6 Details to be specified . 11
Bibliography . 12

Table 1 – Condition of stripped samples . 9

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES –
Part 1-310: Generic specification – Basic optical cable test procedures –
Cable element test methods – Strippability, method G10

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60794-1-310 has been prepared by subcommittee 86A: Fibres and cables, of IEC technical
committee 86: Fibre optics. It is an International Standard.
This document partially cancels and replaces IEC 60794-1-23:2019.
This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to IEC 60794-1-
23:2019: inclusion of semi-tight buffer fibres in method G10C.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
86A/2136/CDV 86A2186/RVC
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
– 4 – IEC 60794-1-310:2022 © IEC 2022
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60794 series, published under the general title Optical fibre cables,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
This document contains method G10A, method G10B and method G10C of IEC 60794-1-
23:2019, which will be withdrawn. The system for optical fibre test methods have been
restructured and renumbered. The optical cable element test methods contained in IEC 60794-
1-23:2019 will now be individually numbered in the IEC 60794-1-3xx series. Each test method
is now considered to be an individual document rather than part of a multi-test method
compendium. Full cross-reference details are given in IEC 60794-1-2.

– 6 – IEC 60794-1-310:2022 © IEC 2022
OPTICAL FIBRE CABLES –
Part 1-310: Generic specification – Basic optical cable test procedures –
Cable element test methods – Strippability, method G10

1 Scope
This part of IEC 60794 describes test procedures to be used in establishing uniform
requirements of optical fibre cable elements for the mechanical property – strippability.
This document applies to optical fibre cables for use with telecommunication equipment and
devices employing similar techniques, and to cables having a combination of both optical fibres
and electrical conductors.
Throughout the document, the wording "optical cable" can also include optical fibre units,
microduct fibre units, etc.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60794-1-2, Optical fibre cables – Part 1-2: Generic specification – Basic optical cable test
procedures – General guidance
IEC 60793-1-32:2018, Optical fibres – Part 1-32: Measurement methods and test procedures –
Coating strippability
IEC 60794-1-22:2017, Optical fibre cables – Part 1-22: Generic specification – Basic optical
cable test procedures – Environmental tests methods
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
4 General requirements
IEC 60794-1-2 is the reference guide to test methods of all types. It shall be considered for
general requirements and definitions.

5 Method G10A: Stripping force stability of cabled optical fibres
5.1 Object
This test determines the stability of the stripping force of the coating of cabled optical fibres by
measuring the change in fibre strippability after exposure to specified environmental conditions.
NOTE This method is known as method G10A in IEC 60794-1-23:2019.
5.2 Sample
5.2.1 Sample length
The length of the cable or fibre sample shall be sufficient to carry out the specified test.
5.2.2 Sample preparation
The cable from which the fibres shall be extracted is preconditioned, as specified in the relevant
detail specification, prior to withdrawal of the fibres.
The test shall be carried out on a fibre/fibres taken from the cable sample which is further
divided into two lengths (minimum 2 m). One length is for testing and the other, the reference
fibre, shall be used to compare the results.
Sufficient samples shall be provided to allow tests to be carried out on 10 test pieces of fibre,
conditioned as specified in the relevant detail specification, and compared with test results for
fibres taken from the reference cable length.
After withdrawal, any filling compound adhering to the fibres shall be carefully removed (e.g. by
wiping with a soft tissue).
5.3 Apparatus
The apparatus consists of conditioning equipment (if necessary) and a fibre strippability
apparatus (according to the strippability test method of IEC 60793-1-32:2018).
5.4 Procedure
The optical fibre strippability shall be measured on the environmentally conditioned samples
using the strippability method of IEC 60793-1-32:2018, after the recovery time and
reconditioning as given in the relevant detail specification. The same method shall be used to
measure the strippability of fibre samples taken from the reference cable length, and the change
in stripping force shall be determined from a comparison of the results.
Alternatively, samples shall be taken from cable aged according to method F9 of
IEC 60794-1-22:2017, if samples from an aged cable are specified.
5.5 Requirements
The change in stripping force shall meet the requirements specified in the relevant detail
specification.
5.6 Details to be specified
The relevant detail specification shall include the following:
a) cable preconditioning;
b) fibre conditioning;
c) recovery time and reconditioning;
d) permissible change in stripping force.

– 8 – IEC 60794-1-310:2022 © IEC 2022
6 Method G10B: Strippability of optical fibre ribbons
6.1 Object
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the strippability of optical fibre ribbons and the effect of
stripping on the sample when checked for fibre cleanliness and possible fibre breakage.
NOTE This method is known as method G10B in IEC 60794-1-23:2019.
6.2 Sample
The test sample shall be representative of the type/design of ribbon under evaluation.
Samples may be taken sequentially along a length of ribbon, but sections of the ribbon
previously in the grips of the stripping tool shall be excluded.
The length of the sample shall be sufficient to allow the matrix and fibre coatings to be removed
over a minimum length of 25 mm with a maximum of ten and a minimum of five strips per
sample.
Sample environmental conditioning requirements shall be agreed between customer and
supplier.
6.3 Apparatus
6.3.1 General
A ribbon stripping apparatus and conditioning equipment (if necessary).
6.3.2 Stripping tool
The results of the test are strongly dependent upon the design of the stripping tool used, and
the following tool design guidelines shall be taken into account.
– The mechanical stripping tool shall provide a heated surface that operates at a temperature
in the range +70 °C to +140 °C. The heated surface, once set to the specified temperature,
shall maintain that temperature within ±5 °C during the stripping operation. The heated
surface(s) shall be located behind the stripping blades and positioned to heat the part of the
ribbon in which the coating shall be removed.
• Heat-up time and dwell time for the tool may be important and the tool manufacturer’s
recommendations shall be followed.
• Follow the ribbon manufacturer’s recommendations for setting the tool temperature.
– The stripping tool or loading fixture shall maintain a constant pressure sufficient for proper
stripping. Ensure that the tool does not begin to open during stripping.
– The size of the gap between the blades shall be known. This dimension and its tolerance
shall ensure that the blades cut through the matrix material and fibre coatings without
damaging the fibre cladding.
– The condition of the blades can greatly influence the stripping action. The edges of the
blades shall be inspected for notches and burrs under normal vision before and after use.
– Replace the blades when they become damaged or blunt or whenever wear is sufficient to
affect the results.
6.3.3 Motor and slide (if used)
The motor and slide shall allow repeatable motion with low vibration and fast acceleration. They
shall be capable of imparting constant motion, without jerking, to the test ribbon or stripping
tool.
If a manual tool is used, the stripping action shall follow these same criteria.
6.4 Positioning and holding equipment
The test sample shall be firmly held in place so that no slippage occurs (a capstan is
recommended). The sample ribbon fibres shall be in line (vertically, horizontally and
rotationally) with the plane of the stripping motion.
6.5 Alcohol wipe
A non-abrasive cloth or paper material saturated with a suitable alcohol solution shall be used
to wipe the fibres after stripping.
6.6 Procedure
Unless otherwise specified, the condition for testing shall be in accordance with controlled
ambient conditions. The strip length shall be ≥ 25 mm and the strip velocity shall be as given in
the relevant detail specification (between 100 mm/min and 500 mm/min).
Turn on the test apparatus and allow the tool temperature to stabilize.
Ensure that the area around both blades of the stripping tool is free from debris from any
previous use and that the blades are clean.
Strip the ribbon following the manufacturer’s recommendation on heating dwell time prior to
stripping.
After stripping, wipe the stripped fibres with the alcohol wipe and inspect them visually at a
magnification of at least 2X.
Assess the cleanliness and integrity of the fibres after stripping as indicated in Table 1.
Table 1 – Condition of stripped samples
Rating Condition of stripped sample
1 Coating and matrix materials leave no residue after one or two alcohol wipes.
2 Coating and matrix material crumbles or breaks up leaving a heavy residue upon stripping, and
multiple alcohol wipes are required to remove residue on the fibres. Fibres are capable of being wiped
clean without a second strip.
3 Incomplete strip, some fibre coating remains intact. Multiple strips and alcohol wipes are required to
remove all visible residue from the fibres.
4 Failed strip:
– one or more fibres break;
– fail to strip within the required speed.

Carry out the number of strips as given in the relevant detail specification and calculate the
average cleanliness rating for each sample, rounded to the nearest whole number.
6.7 Requirements
The average cleanliness rating shall comply with the values given in the relevant detail
specification.
No fibres shall break.
– 10 – IEC 60794-1-310:2022 © IEC 2022
6.8 Details to be specified
The relevant detail specification shall include the following:
a) type of stripping apparatus;
b) average dwell time;
c) stripping tool temperature;
d) stripping velocity;
e) strip length;
f) sample environmental conditioning;
g) required average cleanliness rating;
h) number of fibres in the ribbon.
7 Method G10C: Strippability of buffered optical fibres
7.1 Object
This test determines the stability of the stripping force of buffered optical fibres.
Tests to evaluate three types of buffers are included: tight buffer fibres, where the buffer is in
intimate contact with the fibre’s outer coating, and semi-tight and loose buffer, where the buffer
is designed to be removable while leaving the fibre coating intact.
NOTE This method is known as method G10C in IEC 60794-1-23:2019.
7.2 Sample
Samples of buffered fibre to be tested shall comply with the requirements of method G10A.
7.3 Apparatus
The apparatus shall comply with the requirements of method G10A.
The fibre stripping apparatus shall have sufficient clearance to accommodate the buffer to be
stripped.
In the case of semi-tight and loose buffer, the cutting surfaces of the fibre stripping apparatus
shall be sized such that the coating of the fibre beneath the buffer is not cut or damaged by the
stripping operation.
7.4 Procedure
F
...