ISO 535:1991
(Main)Paper and board — Determination of water absorptiveness — Cobb method
Paper and board — Determination of water absorptiveness — Cobb method
Papier et carton — Détermination de l'absorption d'eau — Méthode de Cobb
La présente Norme internationale prescrit une méthode pour la détermination de la quantité d'eau que peut absorber du papier collé ou du carton, y compris ondulé, dans des conditions normalisées. Elle peut ne pas convenir au papier de grammage inférieur à 50 g/m2 ou aux papiers gaufrés, et n'est applicable ni aux matériaux poreux tels que le papier journal, ni aux papiers non collés tels que le buvard ou d'autres papiers ayant un pouvoir absorbant relativement élevé, l'ISO 8787 étant mieux adaptée dans ce cas. La méthode prescrite n'est pas destinée à l'évaluation précise de l'aptitude du papier à l'écriture, bien qu'elle donne une indication générale de sa compatibilité avec des encres aqueuses.
Papir, karton in lepenka - Določanje absorpcije vode - Cobbova metoda
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IS0
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD 535
Second edition
1991-07-01
Determination of water
Paper and board -
absorptiveness - Cobb method
Papier et carton -- Dfermination de / ‘absorption d ’eau - Mbthode de
Cobb
Reference number
IS0 535: 199 1 (E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
IS0 535:1991(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter-
national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
bodies casting a vote.
International Standard IS0 535 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
(IS0 535:1976), which has been technically revised.
0 IS0 1991
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microftlm, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IS0 535:1991(E)
Introduction
The test described in this International Standard permits the determi-
nation of the quantity of water that can be absorbed by the surface of
paper or board in a given time. Water absorptiveness is a function of
various paper and board characteristics such as sizing, porosity, etc.
. . .
III
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This page intentionally left blank
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 535:1991(E)
Determination of water
Paper and board -
absorptiveness - Cobb method
1 Scope 3 Definition
For the purposes of this International Standard, the
This International Standard specifies a method of
following definition applies.
determining the water absorptiveness of sized paper
and board, including corrugated fibreboard, under
water absorptiveness (Cobb value): The calculated
standard conditions. It may not be suitable for paper
mass of water absorbed in a specified time by 1 m2
of grammage less than 50 g/m2 or embossed paper.
of paper or board under specified conditions.
It is not suitable for porous papers such as
newsprint or unsized papers such as blotting paper
NOTE 1 The test area is normally 100 cm*.
or other papers having a relatively high water ab-
sorptiveness for which IS0 8787 is more suitable.
4 Principle
This method is not intended to be used for precise
evaluation of the writing properties of paper al-
A test piece is weighed immediately before and im-
though it does give a general indication of suitability
mediately after exposure for a specified time of one
for use with aqueous inks.
surface to water, followed by blotting. The result of
the increase in mass is expressed in grams per
square metre (g/m2).
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which,
5 Reagents and materials
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this International Standard. At the time of publi-
5.1 Water, distilled or deionized.
cation, the editions indicated were valid. All stan-
dards are subject to revision, and parties to
NOTE 2 The temperature of the water is important and
agreements based on this International Standard
should be maintained during the test at the temperature
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap-
used for conditioning and testing.
plying the most recent editions of the standards in-
dicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards. 5.2 Blotting paper, having a grammage of
250 g/m2 + 25 g/m?
Pulp evaluation blotters are
-
acceptable for the purposes of this International
IS0 186:1985, Paper and board - Sampling to deter-
mine average quality. Standard (see IS0 5269-l).
IS0 187:1990, Paper, board and pulps - Standard
6 Apparatus
atmosphere for conditioning and testing and proce-
dure for monitoring the atmosphere and condifioning
of samples.
6.1 Absorptiveness tester.
IS0 5269-l : 1979, Pulps
- Preparation of laboratory For the determination of water absorptiveness, any
sheets for physical testing - Part 1: Conventional type of apparatus may be used which permits
sheet-former method.
--
an immediate and uniform contact of the water
IS0 8787:1986, Paper and board - Determination of
with the part of the test piece submitted to the
xapillary rise - Klemm method. test;
1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
IS0 535:1991(E)
- controlled rapid removal of the unabsorbed wa-
9 Preparation of test pieces
ter from the test piece at the end of the contact
period; and
Prepare the test pieces in the same atmospheric
conditions used to condition the specimens. Avoid
- the rapid removal of the test piece without the
contact of the test area with hands or fingers, cut
risk of co ntact with water outsi de the test are a.
from the specimens at least 10 test pieces of suffi-
cient size to exceed the diameter of the cylinder by
In its simplest form, the apparatus consists of a rigid
at least 10 mm from any edge, ensuring that the test
base with a smooth, planar surface, and a rigid
area is free from visible folds, creases, cracks or
metal cylinder of 112,8 mm + 0,2 mm internal diam-
other defects.
eter (corresponding to a test area approximately
100 cm*) and with a means of clamping it firmly to
NOTE 6 For normal apparatus (see 6.1) a width of about
the base plate. The edge of the cylinder in contact
125 mm is suitable.
with the test piece shall be flat and machined
smooth with a thickness sufficient to prevent the cy-
If watermarks are present, these areas should be
linder cutting into the test piece. The height of the
avoided if possible. When the specimens available
cylinder is not important provided it is sufficient to
are too small to allow the normal apparatus to be
contain a water depth of 10 mm.
used, a smaller test area may be agreed upon be-
tween the interested parties and depending on the
NOTES
corresponding equipment availability.
3 For materials where leakage between the cylinder and
the upper surface of the test piece may occur during the
10 Procedure
test, a soft, elastic, non-absorbent gasket may be inter-
posed to prevent this. This gasket should have the same
Carry out the test in the same
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 535:1995
01-junij-1995
3DSLUNDUWRQLQOHSHQND'RORþDQMHDEVRUSFLMHYRGH&REERYDPHWRGD
Paper and board -- Determination of water absorptiveness -- Cobb method
Papier et carton -- Détermination de l'absorption d'eau -- Méthode de Cobb
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 535:1991
ICS:
85.060 Papir, karton in lepenka Paper and board
SIST ISO 535:1995 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ISO 535:1995
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ISO 535:1995
IS0
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD 535
Second edition
1991-07-01
Determination of water
Paper and board -
absorptiveness - Cobb method
Papier et carton -- Dfermination de / ‘absorption d ’eau - Mbthode de
Cobb
Reference number
IS0 535: 199 1 (E)
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ISO 535:1995
IS0 535:1991(E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the
work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inter-
national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
bodies casting a vote.
International Standard IS0 535 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 6, Paper, board and pulps.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition
(IS0 535:1976), which has been technically revised.
0 IS0 1991
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microftlm, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ISO 535:1995
IS0 535:1991(E)
Introduction
The test described in this International Standard permits the determi-
nation of the quantity of water that can be absorbed by the surface of
paper or board in a given time. Water absorptiveness is a function of
various paper and board characteristics such as sizing, porosity, etc.
. . .
III
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ISO 535:1995
This page intentionally left blank
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ISO 535:1995
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IS0 535:1991(E)
Determination of water
Paper and board -
absorptiveness - Cobb method
1 Scope 3 Definition
For the purposes of this International Standard, the
This International Standard specifies a method of
following definition applies.
determining the water absorptiveness of sized paper
and board, including corrugated fibreboard, under
water absorptiveness (Cobb value): The calculated
standard conditions. It may not be suitable for paper
mass of water absorbed in a specified time by 1 m2
of grammage less than 50 g/m2 or embossed paper.
of paper or board under specified conditions.
It is not suitable for porous papers such as
newsprint or unsized papers such as blotting paper
NOTE 1 The test area is normally 100 cm*.
or other papers having a relatively high water ab-
sorptiveness for which IS0 8787 is more suitable.
4 Principle
This method is not intended to be used for precise
evaluation of the writing properties of paper al-
A test piece is weighed immediately before and im-
though it does give a general indication of suitability
mediately after exposure for a specified time of one
for use with aqueous inks.
surface to water, followed by blotting. The result of
the increase in mass is expressed in grams per
square metre (g/m2).
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which,
5 Reagents and materials
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this International Standard. At the time of publi-
5.1 Water, distilled or deionized.
cation, the editions indicated were valid. All stan-
dards are subject to revision, and parties to
NOTE 2 The temperature of the water is important and
agreements based on this International Standard
should be maintained during the test at the temperature
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap-
used for conditioning and testing.
plying the most recent editions of the standards in-
dicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards. 5.2 Blotting paper, having a grammage of
250 g/m2 + 25 g/m?
Pulp evaluation blotters are
-
acceptable for the purposes of this International
IS0 186:1985, Paper and board - Sampling to deter-
mine average quality. Standard (see IS0 5269-l).
IS0 187:1990, Paper, board and pulps - Standard
6 Apparatus
atmosphere for conditioning and testing and proce-
dure for monitoring the atmosphere and condifioning
of samples.
6.1 Absorptiveness tester.
IS0 5269-l : 1979, Pulps
- Preparation of laboratory For the determination of water absorptiveness, any
sheets for physical testing - Part 1: Conventional type of apparatus may be used which permits
sheet-former method.
--
an immediate and uniform contact of the water
IS0 8787:1986, Paper and board - Determination of
with the part of the test piece submitted to the
xapillary rise - Klemm method. test;
1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ISO 535:1995
IS0 535:1991(E)
- controlled rapid removal of the unabsorbed wa-
9 Preparation of test pieces
ter from the test piece at the end of the contact
period; and
Prepare the test pieces in the same atmospheric
conditions used to condition the specimens. Avoid
- the rapid removal of the test piece without the
contact of the test area with hands or fingers, cut
risk of co ntact with water outsi de the test are a.
from the specimens at least 10 test pieces of suffi-
cient size to exceed the diameter of the cylinder by
In its simplest form, the apparatus consists of a rigid
at least 10 mm from any edge, ensuring that the test
base with a smooth, planar surface, and a rigid
area is free from visible folds, creases, cracks or
metal cylinder of 112,8 mm + 0,2 mm internal diam-
other defects.
eter (corresponding to a test area approximately
100 cm*) and with a means of clamping it firmly to
NOTE 6 For normal apparatus (see 6.1) a width of about
the base plate. The edge of the cylinder in contact
125 mm is suitable.
with the test piece shall be flat and machined
smooth with a thickness sufficient to prevent the cy-
If watermarks are present, these areas should be
linder cutting into the test piece. The height of the
avoided if pos
...
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Deuxkme kdition
199 1-07-o 1
---
Papier et carton - Determination de
I’absorption d’eau - M6thode de Cobb
Paper and board -
Determination of water absorptiveness - Cobb
method
Numb0 de reference
IS0 535: 199 1 (F)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
IS0 535:1991(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une federation
mondiale d’organismes nationaux de normalisation (comitks membres
de I’ISO). L’elaboration des Normes internationales est en general
confide aux cornit& techniques de I’ISO. Chaque comite membre inte-
resse par une etude a le droit de faire partie du comite technique tree
a cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec I’ISO participent egalement aux tra-
vaux. L’ISO collabore etroitement avec la Commission electrotechnique
internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation electrotech-
nique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptes par les comites techni-
ques sont soumis aux comites membres pour vote. Leur publication
comme Normes internationales requiert I’approbation de 75 % au moins
des comites membres votants.
La Norme internationale IS0 535 a ete elaboree par le comite technique
ISO/TC 6, Papiers, cartons et pdtes.
Cette deuxieme edition annule et remplace la premiere edition
(IS0 535:1976), dont elle constitue une revision technique.
0 IS0 1991
Droits de reproduction r&e&s. Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut &e repro-
duite ni utilis&e sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun pro&d& klectronique ou
mkanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans I’accord &xit de I’kditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Genkve 20 l Suisse
Imprim& en Suisse
ii
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IS0 5331991 (F)
Introduction
L’essai dkrit dans la prhente Norme internationale permet de deter-
miner la quantite d’eau que peut absorber la surface d’un papier ou
d’un carton pendant un temps determine. La capacite d’absorption
d’eau du papier ou du carton est fonction de diverses caracti!ristiques
telles que le collage, la porositk, etc.
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IS0 535:1991(F)
NORME INTERNATIONALE
D&termination de I’absorption d’eau -
Papier et carton -
Methode de Cobb
IS0 5269-1:1979, P2tes -- Prkpara tion des feuilles de
1 Domaine d’application
laboratoire pour essais physiques - Partie I, Me-
thode de la formette conventionnelle.
La pksente Norme internationale prescrit une me--
thode pour la determination de la quantiti! d’eau que
IS0 8787:1986, Papier et carton - Uktermination de
peut absorber du papier collk ou du carton, y com-
/‘ascension capillaire - Mthode de Klemm.
pris onduk, dans des conditions normalis6es. Elle
peut ne pas convenir au papier de grammage infk-
rieur 5 50 g/m2 ou aux papiers gaufks, et n’est ap-
plicable ni aux matl!riaux poreux tels que le papier
3 Dbfinition
journal, ni aux papiers non colks tels que le buvard
ou d’autres papiers ayant un pouvoir absorbant re-
Pour les besoins de la prhente Norme internatio-
lativement blew!!, I’ISO 8787 etant mieux adaptee
nale, la definition suivante s’applique.
dans ce cas.
absorption d’eau (indice Cobb): Masse calcuke
La methode prescrite n’est pas destinke 3 I%va-
2 de papier ou de carton,
d’eau absorbee par 1 m
luation pritcise de I’aptitude du papier ti I’kriture,
pendant un temps et darts des conditions prescrites.
bien qu’elle donne une indication generale de sa
compatibilit(t avec des encres aqueuses.
NOTE 1 L’aire d’essai est normalement de 100 cm?
4 Principe
Une kprouvette est pesee immediatement avant et
2 Rhfbrences normatives
immediatement apt& exposition d’une de ses faces
G I’eau pendant un temps prescrit, puis elle est es-
Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositions
soree. Le rksultat est calcul$ ;it partir de I’accrois-
qui, par suite de la reference qui en est faite,
sement de masse et est exprim6 en grammes par
constituent des dispositions valables pour la pre-
m&tre carr6 (g/m2).
sente Norme internationale. Au moment de la pu-
blication, les editions indiqukes etaient en vigueur.
Toute norme est sujette 5 kvision et les parties
prenantes des accords fond& sur la presente
5 RGactifs et matbriaux
Not-me internationale sont invitees a rechercher la
possibilite d’appliquer les editions les plus rkentes
des normes indiquees ci-aprh. Les membres de la
5.1 Eau distillhe, ou eau deionishe.
CEI et de I’ISO possedent le registre des Nortnes
internationales en vigueur & un moment donnk
NOTE 2 La tempbrature de I’eau est un facteur impor-
tant et il convient de la maintenir pendant I’essai ZI la
IS0 186:1985, Papier et carton - khantillonnage tempbrature utilis&e pour le conditionnement et I’essai.
pour determiner la qua/if& moyenne.
5.2 Papier buvard, de grammage egal a 250 g/m2
IS0 187:1990, Papier, carton et pates - Atmospbre
normale de corlditionnement et d’essai et methode + 25 g/m? L’emploi de buvard destine 8 If&a-
kation des pites est admis dans le cadre de la
de surveillance de I’atmosph&e et de condition-
presente Norme internal ionale (voir IS0 5269-l).
nement des hhantillons.
1
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
IS0 5351991 (F)
6.5 Tube cylindrique grad&!, ou tout autre materiel
6 Appareillage
permettant de mesurer des parties aliquotes appro-
prices.
6.1 Appareil d’essai.
7 khantillonnage
Pour dkterminer la ca paciti! d’absorptio n de I’eau,
on peut utiliser tout ap pareil permettant
Choisir, conformement G!I I’ISO 186, des feuilles-
&hantiIlons ne comportant pas de plis apparents,
-
la mise en contact immediate et uniforme de
de craquelures visibles ou d’autres defauts.
I’eau avec la partie de I’eprouvette soumise a
I’essai;
- 8 Conditionnement
la skparation rapide et contrWe de I’eau non
absorb&e et de I’eprouvette & la fin de la periode
Conditionner les feuilles-C!chantiIlons dans I’atmos-
de mise en contact;
ph&e normale ou I’une des autres atmosphgres
- prescrites dans I’ISO 187.
le retrait rapide de I%prouvette sans risque de
contact entre I’eau et la partie de I’Gprouvette
exti!rieure a la surface d’essai.
9 Prhparation des kprouvettes
Sous sa forme la plus simple, l’appareil d’essai se
compose d’un plateau rigide 3 surface lisse et plane
Preparer les eprouvettes dans la nGme atmosphere
et d’un cylindre mktallique rigide de diametre in%-
que celle qui a et6 utilisee pour conditionner les
rieur egal ZI 112,8 mm r)l 0,2 mm (soit une surface
feuilles-&hantillons. En veillant ti kviter tout contact
d’essai d’environ 100 cm*), muni d’un dispositif
des mains ou des doigts avec la surface d’essai,
permettant de le fixer solidement au plateau. Le
dkouper dans les feuilles-khantillons un minimum
bord du cylindre qui vient au contact de l’eprouvette
de 10 eprouvettes de dimensions supkrieures d’au
doit We plan et poli par usinage, avec une kpais-
mains 10 mm au diametre du cylindre dans toutes
seur suffisante pour qu’il n’entaille pas la surface
les directions. S’assurer que la surface d’essai ne
de I’eprouvette. La hauteur du cylindre importe peu
cornporte pas de plis apparents, de fronces, de
pourvu qu’il puisse contenir une hauteur d’eau de
craquelures ou d’autres dhfauts.
10 mm.
appareil courant (voir 6.1), me largeur
NOTE 6 Pour un
NOTES
d’environ 125 mm convient.
3 Avec certains mat&iaux, des fuites peuvent se pro-
II est prefkrable, si possible, d’eviter les surfaces
duire en cows d’essai entre le cylindre et la face sup&
pre
...
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