ISO 11601:2008

Fire fighting - Wheeled fire extinguishers - Performance and construction

ISO 11601:2008 specifies the principal requirements intended to ensure the safety, reliability and performance of wheeled fire extinguishers.

Lutte contre l'incendie — Extincteurs sur roues — Performances et construction

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 07-Dec-2008
• Withdrawal Date: 07-Dec-2008
• ICS: 13.220.10 - Fire-fighting
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 2 - Manually transportable fire extinguishers
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 21/SC 2 - Manually transportable fire extinguishers
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 17-Jul-2017
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025

Relations

• Revised: ISO 11601:2017 - Fire fighting - Wheeled fire extinguishers - Performance and construction
• Effective Date: 12-Feb-2014
• Revises: ISO 11601:1999 - Wheeled fire extinguishers - Performance and construction
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11601
Second edition
2008-12-15
Fire fighting — Wheeled fire
extinguishers — Performance and
construction
Lutte contre l'incendie — Extincteurs sur roues — Performances et
construction
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
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©  ISO 2008
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Types of wheeled fire extinguishers. 3
5 Extinguishing media, propellants and fill densities. 4
6 Performance . 5
7 Fire performance tests . 10
8 Construction requirements. 11
9 Colour and marking. 21
10 Manuals. 24
Bibliography . 26

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 11601 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 21, Equipment for fire protection and fire fighting,
Subcommittee SC 2, Manually transportable fire extinguishers.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11601:1999), which has been technically
revised.
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11601:2008(E)

Fire fighting — Wheeled fire extinguishers — Performance and
construction
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies the principal requirements intended to ensure the safety, reliability and
performance of wheeled fire extinguishers.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 37, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tensile stress-strain properties
ISO 3768, Metallic coatings — Neutral salt spray test (NSS test)
ISO 5923, Fire protection — Fire extinguishing media — Carbon dioxide
ISO 7165, Fire fighting — Portable fire extinguishers — Performance and construction
ISO 7201-1, Fire protection — Fire extinguishing media — Halogenated hydrocarbons — Part 1:
Specifications for halon 1211 and halon 1301
ISO 7202, Fire protection – Fire extinguishing media — Powder
ISO 7203-1, Fire extinguishing media — Foam concentrates — Part 1: Specification for low expansion foam
concentrates for top application to water-immiscible liquids
ISO 7203-2, Fire extinguishing media — Foam concentrates — Part 2: Specification for medium and high
expansion foam concentrates for top application to water-immiscible liquids
ISO 14520-1, Gaseous fire-extinguishing systems — Physical properties and system design — Part 1:
General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
batch
group of the same products made on the same production line using the same lot of materials during one
production shift
3.2
body
metal shell of an extinguisher designed to contain the extinguishing media including any skirt
3.3
bulk range
discharge range of an extinguisher when 50 % of its extinguishing medium has been expelled with the
discharge valve fully open
3.4
burst pressure
P
b
pressure at which the extinguisher cylinder ruptures
3.5
charge of extinguisher
mass or volume of extinguishing medium contained in the extinguisher expressed in volume (litres) for water-
based extinguishers and in mass (kilograms) for other extinguishers
3.6
classification of fires
Class A fires involving solid materials, usually of an organic nature, in which combustion normally takes
place with the formation of glowing embers
Class B fires involving liquids or liquefiable solids
Class C fires involving gases
Class D fires involving metals
3.7
clean agent
electrically non-conductive gaseous or vaporizing liquid fire-extinguishing medium that does not leave a
residue upon evaporation
3.8
closure
component, other than a safety device or pressure indicator, subject to internal pressure and used to close off
and seal the body
3.9
complete discharge
point in the discharge of an extinguisher when the internal pressure has equalized with the external pressure
with the control valve being kept fully open
3.10
effective discharge time
time from the commencement of discharge of the extinguishing medium at the nozzle to the gas point of the
discharge stream with the control valve fully open
3.11
extinguisher
appliance containing an extinguishing medium which may be discharged and directed onto a fire by the action
of internal pressure
NOTE Discharge may be achieved by
a) stored pressure (constant pressurization of the extinguishing media container), or
b) cartridge or cylinder operated device (pressurization at the time of use by the release of a pressurizing gas stored in
a separate high-pressure cartridge or container)
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

3.12
extinguishing medium
substance contained in the extinguisher which causes extinction
3.13
fill density
mass in kilograms of extinguishing medium per litre of container volume as fitted for use, complete with valve
and internal fittings
3.14
gas point
point where the medium discharge changes from predominately medium to predominately expellant gas
3.15
lowest observable adverse effect level
l.o.a.e.l.
the lowest concentration at which an adverse physiological or toxicological effect has been observed
3.16
maximum service pressure
P
ms
equilibrium pressure developed in a normally charged and pressurized extinguisher which is conditioned at
60 °C for at least 18 h
3.17
propellant
non-flammable compressed gas used to expel the extinguishing medium
3.18
rechargeable extinguisher
extinguisher designed and intended to be recharged after use
3.19
service pressure
P
s
equilibrium pressure developed in a normally charged and pressurized extinguisher conditioned at 20 °C
for at least 18 h
3.20
test pressure
P
t
for low-pressure wheeled extinguishers, P is the higher of 1,43 × P , 2,5 × P or 2,0 MPa
t ms s
3.21
wheeled fire extinguisher
appliance on wheels having a total mass more than 20 kg but not greater than 450 kg, which is designed to be
operated and transported to the fire by one person
4 Types of wheeled fire extinguishers
4.1 General
4.1.1 Wheeled fire extinguishers are described by the type of extinguishing medium which they contain. At
present, the types of wheeled fire extinguishers are:
⎯ water-based;
⎯ powder;
⎯ carbon dioxide;
⎯ clean agent.
NOTE In some countries, the manufacture and use of clean agents is regulated by the Montreal Protocol or by
national regulations.
4.1.2 Water-based wheeled fire extinguishers may contain plain water, or water with additives such as
wetting agents, viscosity-increasing agents, or flame-retardant or foaming agents.
NOTE Currently there are no ISO International Standards covering additives added to water to produce antifreeze,
wetting or other special characteristics.
4.1.3 Powders may be of the “BC” or “ABC” types, or may be specially prepared for Class D fires.
4.1.4 Wheeled fire extinguishers may have two extinguisher bodies per axle. Each extinguisher body may
contain the same or a different extinguishing medium provided they are compatible with each other.
5 Extinguishing media, propellants and fill densities
5.1 Extinguishing media
5.1.1 Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide used in wheeled fire extinguishers shall comply with ISO 5923.
5.1.2 Clean agents
Clean agents used in wheeled fire extinguishers shall comply with ISO 7201-1 (alternatively, ISO 14520-1).
NOTE In some countries, the manufacture and use of clean agents is regulated by the Montreal Protocol or by
national regulations.
5.1.3 Powder
Powder used in wheeled fire extinguishers shall comply with ISO 7202.
IMPORTANT — Exception: powders for use on Class D fires.
5.1.4 Foam concentrates
Foam concentrates used in wheeled fire extinguishers shall comply with ISO 7203-1 (alternatively,
ISO 7203-2).
5.2 Propellants
The propellant for stored pressure and cartridge-operated wheeled fire extinguishers shall be air, argon,
carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen or mixtures of these gases having a maximum dewpoint of − 60 °C.
IMPORTANT — Exception: propellant for stored pressure water-based wheeled fire extinguishers need
not meet the dewpoint requirement.
5.3 Fill density
The fill density for carbon dioxide wheeled fire extinguishers shall not exceed 0,75 kg/l.
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

The fill density for clean agent wheeled fire extinguishers shall not exceed the values given in ISO 7201-1
(alternatively, ISO 14520-1).
NOTE These fill densities may be modified subject to national pressure vessel regulations.
5.4 Filling tolerance
The actual charge of a wheeled fire extinguisher shall be the nominal charge within the following limits:
a) water-based extinguishers: +0, −5 % by volume;
b) powder-based extinguishers: ± 2 % by mass;
c) carbon dioxide and clean agent extinguishers: +0, −5 % by mass.
5.5 Charges
5.5.1 Nominal charge
The following are the recommended charges for wheeled fire extinguishers:
a) water-based extinguishers: 20 l, 45 l, 60 l and 125 l;
b) powder-based extinguishers: 20 kg, 50 kg, 100 kg and 150 kg;
c) carbon dioxide and clean agent extinguishers: 10 kg, 20 kg, 30 kg and 50 kg.
NOTE Other nominal capacities are allowed.
5.5.2 Gross weight
The gross weight of a wheeled fire extinguisher shall not exceed 450 kg.
6 Performance
6.1 Operating temperatures
Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be capable of operating reliably within one of the following temperature
ranges:
+5 °C to +60 °C
−5 °C to +60 °C
−10 °C to +60 °C
−20 °C to +60 °C
−30 °C to +60 °C
−40 °C to +60 °C
−55 °C to +60 °C
NOTE The temperature range selected from the above ranges shall be marked on the extinguisher (see 9.2.5).
6.2 Effective discharge time and bulk range of discharge
6.2.1 Effective discharge time
6.2.1.1 The effective discharge time of water-based type wheeled fire extinguishers shall be not less than
40 s or more than 210 s.
6.2.1.2 The effective discharge time of wheeled fire extinguishers with a Class A rating, except water-
based types, shall be not less than 30 s.
6.2.1.3 The effective discharge time of wheeled fire extinguishers other than water-based types shall be
not less than 20 s.
6.2.2 Bulk range
6.2.2.1 The bulk range of wheeled fire extinguishers with a Class A rating shall be not less than 6 m
when tested in accordance with 6.2.2.2.
IMPORTANT — Exception: for water-based type wheeled fire extinguishers fitted with a spray nozzle,
the bulk range maybe reduced to 3 m.
6.2.2.2 Condition the extinguisher for not less than 18 h at a temperature of (20 ± 3) °C and place it in its
normal operating position with the discharge nozzle held horizontally at a height of 1 m.
Fully discharge the extinguisher with the control valve fully open within 5 min of conditioning.
Record the bulk range at the time corresponding to 50 % of the effective discharge time.
NOTE If the range of effective discharge is difficult to determine visually, supplementary means, such as collection
boxes for water, foam or powder extinguishers or condensing plates for carbon dioxide and clean agent extinguishers may
be used.
6.3 Resistance to temperature changes
6.3.1 Requirements
Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be able to operate at temperatures between the minimum marked on the
extinguisher (see 6.1) and +60 °C. After the test described in 6.3.2, they shall satisfy the following
requirements:
a) the extinguisher shall operate as intended;
b) the extinguisher shall commence discharge within 5 s of the control valve being opened;
c) not more than 10 % of the initial charge of media shall remain within the extinguisher after complete
discharge.
6.3.2 Test procedure
Subject four extinguishers to the temperature cycles defined in Table 1, two extinguishers to each cycle.
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

Table 1 — Temperature cycles
a
Duration Cycle No. 1
Cycle No. 2
h
a
24 ± 1 Store at minimum storage and use Store at (60 ± 2) °C
temperature
(+0, −2) °C
24 ± 1 Store at (20 ± 5) °C Store at (20 ± 5) °C
Store at minimum storage and use
24 ± 1 Store at (60 ± 2) °C
temperature
(+0, −2) °C
a
The storage temperatures refer to the ambient temperature within the conditioning chamber.

Operate the extinguisher with the control valve fully open within 5 min of its removal from the conditioning
chamber.
NOTE If it is not possible to operate the extinguisher within 5 min after its removal from the conditioning chamber,
suitable means, such as insulation shall be used to maintain the extinguisher at the conditioning temperature until
discharge.
6.4 Retention of charge
6.4.1 Checking
6.4.1.1 Wheeled fire extinguishers and gas cartridges or cylinders shall be designed so as to permit their
charge to be checked at regular intervals when they are installed.
6.4.1.2 The charge of the following types of wheeled fire extinguishers shall be measured by weighing:
a) all types of gas cartridges for wheeled fire extinguishers;
b) carbon dioxide wheeled fire extinguishers;
c) stored pressure wheeled fire extinguishers of various types including some clean agents in which a loss
of 1 % of total charged extinguisher mass is accompanied by a pressure loss of not more than 10 % of
the service pressure at (20 ± 2) °C.
6.4.1.3 The charge of stored pressure wheeled fire extinguishers of types not covered by 6.4.1.2 b) and
6.4.1.2 c) and non-liquefied gas containers fitted with a gauge shall be checked by direct measurement of
internal pressure at (20 ± 2) °C. For this purpose, the extinguisher shall be fitted with a pressure gauge ported
into the extinguisher body.
NOTE If a connection is provided to which an independent pressure measuring appliance can be attached for
checking the pressure gauge, the connection is equipped with a pressure retaining cap.
6.5 Intermittent discharge test
6.5.1 A wheeled fire extinguisher conditioned at (20 ± 5) °C and at (60 ± 2) °C shall operate in such a
manner that not more than 1 s elapses from the time the control valve is operated until the extinguishing
medium starts to discharge and shall cease the discharge of medium within 1 s after closing the control valve.
Not more than 10 % of the initial charge remains within the extinguisher after complete discharge.
6.5.2 The test shall be conducted following conditioning at each of the temperatures specified in 6.5.1 for at
least 18 h. The extinguisher shall be operated intermittently by opening and closing the control valve in cycles
of 5 s open and 5 s closed until the end of discharge.
6.6 Resistance to corrosion
6.6.1 External corrosion test
Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be subjected to a salt spray test as defined in ISO 3768 for a period of 480 h
and then shall be washed carefully to remove any salt deposits. Two samples shall be tested, either two of the
same size or one sample each of two different sizes from the same family.
The operating forces, or energy if applicable, shall comply with the method of operation specified in 8.14.
The pressure gauge on stored pressure extinguishers shall remain watertight and functional. See 8.16.7.
There shall be no corrosion of the metal of the extinguisher likely to impair its operation or safety.
Discolouration or superficial corrosion of non-ferrous materials is acceptable but galvanic corrosion between
dissimilar metals is not permitted.
Test samples employing smaller extinguisher bodies are permitted to be used for this test provided they are
fabricated using the same material and processes and have the same protective coatings or corrosion
protection system.
The length of the discharge hose assembly is permitted to be reduced to 1,4 m for this test.
6.6.2 Internal corrosion test for water and foam extinguishers
Wheeled fire extinguishers, charged in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, shall be subjected
eight times to the temperature cycle defined in Table 2.
Table 2 — Temperature cycles
Stage Duration Conditioning chamber temperature
h °C
a
(24 ± 1)
2 (W 24) (20 ± 5)
(24 ± 1) (60 ± 5)
4 (W 24)
(20 ± 5)
a
Lowest temperature marked on extinguisher, (± 5) °C. See 6.1.
Test samples employing smaller extinguisher bodies are permitted to be used for this test provided they are
fabricated using the same material and processes and have the same protective coatings or corrosion
protection system.
A liquid bath shall not be used.
The duration of any one complete cycle shall not exceed 120 h.
On completion of the eight temperature cycles, the body shall be cut into two sections in a manner sufficient to
permit internal examination. Detachment of any protective coating local to the plane of section shall be
disregarded. There shall be no visible signs of corrosion of the metal or detachment, cracking, or bubbling of
any protective coating. There shall be no visible change in the colour of the extinguishing media other than
that resulting from the thermal cycling.
8 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

NOTE In order to establish reference samples for a change of colour that occurs naturally due to the temperature
changes, two samples of the extinguishing medium shall be stored in closed glass containers and subjected to the same
cycles as the extinguishers.
6.7 Durability test
6.7.1 After being subjected to the series of tests described in 6.7.2 through 6.7.4, a fully charged wheeled
fire extinguisher shall comply with the following:
⎯ not less than 85 % (by weight) of the rated capacity of the extinguishing medium shall be discharged as
intended;
⎯ the wheels, axles, and carriage assembly shall not be damaged to the extent of impairing mobility by one
person;
⎯ no weld shall be broken;
⎯ the dip tube shall not become dislodged.
6.7.2 Durability shall be evaluated by:
⎯ being pushed or pulled for 8 km at the rate of 8 km/h to 13 km/h over a rough surface;
NOTE A surface of crushed stone, nominal size of 18 mm or equivalent, is considered a rough surface.
⎯ being dropped three times onto a concrete surface from a 300 mm high platform so as to land on the
wheels;
⎯ being pulled at a speed of 8 km/h and allowing one wheel to strike a vertical wall of concrete, steel, or
brick; and
⎯ being pushed over so as to land on the bumper or towing handle.
6.7.3 Drop the nozzle of a wheeled extinguisher, as attached to the hose, three times onto a concrete
surface from a height of 900 mm. The assembly is to be dropped in a random manner so that no effort is
made to cause any part of the nozzle, such as the tip or handle, to initially strike the concrete surface.
6.7.4 A wheeled fire extinguisher, when placed in its intended storage position on a flat concrete surface,
shall be self-supporting, stable, able to return to the storage position when displaced from its vertical position
by 10° and operable.
6.8 Electrical conductivity of extinguisher discharge
6.8.1 Requirement
Water-based wheeled fire extinguishers that are marked as being suitable for use on fires involving energized
electrical equipment shall not pass a current of more than 0,5 mA when tested as described in 6.8.2.
6.8.2 Procedure used to test for electrical conductivity
Hang a metal plate, of dimensions (1 m × 1 m) ± 25 mm, vertically from insulating supports. Connect the plate
to a transformer so that an alternating voltage of (36 ± 3.6) kV is established between the plate and earth. The
impedance of the circuit should be such that when a voltage equal to 10 % of the normal primary voltage is
applied to the primary, and the secondary is short circuited, the current in the secondary is not less than
0,1 mA.
Mount the extinguisher on an insulating support with the nozzle fixed 1 m from the centre of the plate, at right
angles to it and directed towards it. Connect the extinguisher to earth. In the case of an extinguisher with a
hose, connect it to earth by connection at the nozzle or in the case of an extinguisher not fitted with a hose, by
connection at the handle.
Measure any current flowing between the extinguisher and earth when the plate is live and the extinguisher
discharging.
7 Fire performance tests
7.1 Suitability for the various classes of fire
7.1.1 Class A. The rating of wheeled fire extinguishers recommended as suitable for Class A fires shall be
determined using the method of 7.2. The rating shall be that of the maximum fire size extinguished under the
conditions of the test.
7.1.2 Class B. The rating of extinguishers recommended as suitable for Class B fires shall be determined
using the method of 7.3. The rating shall be that of the maximum fire size extinguished under the conditions of
the test.
7.1.3 Class C. There are no test requirements for the performance of extinguishers against Class C fires
included in this International Standard. Suitability for use against Class C fires may be claimed for Class AB or
B powder-based extinguishers only.
7.1.4 Class D. Wheeled extinguishers recommended as suitable for Class D fires shall comply with 7.4.
NOTE Extinguishers suitable for Class D fires are not usually also suitable for use on fires of other classes.
Specialized media and applicators are typically used.
7.2 Class A fire tests
Wheeled fire extinguisher intended for use on Class A fires shall be tested for a minimum Class A fire rating of 4-A
using the Class A rating system specified in ISO 7165.
7.3 Class B fire tests
Wheeled fire extinguishers intended for use on Class B fires shall be tested for a Class B fire rating using the
Class B rating system specified in ISO 7165.
NOTE A method of rating wheeled extinguishers for Class B ratings greater than 144B based upon discharge
characteristics and fire tests not exceeding 144B is under development.
7.4 Class D fire tests
The extinguishment of fires should be carried out using a portable extinguisher in accordance with ISO 7165.
There are no numerical components for Class D ratings. The type of combustible metal for which the
extinguisher is applicable and the area, depth and other characteristics of the fire which may be controlled and
extinguished are to be summarized on the extinguisher nameplate and described in the manufacturer’s
installation instructions.
Since wheeled fire extinguishers have a greater charge, they may be classified for use on a proportionally
larger quantity and/or surface area of Class D combustible metals without repeating the Class D fire tests.
10 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

8 Construction requirements
8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 The test shall be carried out on a minimum of three extinguisher bodies. For stored pressure
extinguishers, the pressure shall be determined immediately after conditioning each extinguisher at
(60 ± 3) °C for 18 h. The highest of the pressures is designated P . For cartridge or cylinder operated type
ms
extinguishers, after conditioning at (60 ± 3) °C for 18 h, the cartridge or cylinder shall be immediately activated,
and the highest pressure recorded as P .
ms
8.1.2 It shall be verified that, during the temperature conditioning specified in 8.1.1, there is no leakage from
the extinguisher, gas cartridge or cylinder.
8.1.3 The manufacturer shall take the necessary steps to ensure that welds show continuous penetration
with no deviation in the weld. Welds and brazed joints shall be free from defects which are prejudicial to the
safe use of the cylinder or cartridge. The manufacturer shall use welders, welding operators and welding
procedures which can be demonstrated to be suitable for the purpose.
NOTE Users of this International Standard should consider the use of conformity assessment methods relevant to
the needs of this International Standard. Certification by an independent third party can provide a higher level of
confidence in the conformity of products, people and processes.
8.1.4 Parts attached to the body of the cylinder shall be manufactured and fitted in a way that minimizes
concentrations of stress and corrosion risks. In the case of welded and brazed parts, the metal shall be
compatible with the cylinder material.
8.1.5 The cylinder manufacturer shall obtain the works certificate for the cast analysis of material supplied
and shall keep this available for inspection.
8.1.6 Consideration shall be given to avoid the possibility of cross threading plastic components in contact
with metallic parts. Such consideration shall include the use of coarse threads, etc.
8.2 High-pressure cylinders
Wheeled fire extinguishers or propellant gas cartridges and cylinders having P greater than 2,5 MPa shall be
s
fitted with cylinders, valves and pressure gauges which are designed, tested and marked in accordance with
national regulations.
8.3 Low-pressure cylinders
8.3.1 General
The following requirements apply to wheeled fire extinguisher bodies having P not exceeding 2,5 MPa at
s
(20 ± 3) °C.
8.3.1.1 Burst test
8.3.1.1.1 The cylinder is to be filled with a suitable liquid and the pressure shall be increased at a rate not
exceeding (2,0 ± 0,2) MPa/min until bursting occurs. The minimum P shall be 2,7 × P , or 5 × P , whichever
b ms s
produces the highest P , but in no case less than 5,5 MPa.
t
8.3.1.1.2 The bursting test shall not cause the cylinder to fragment.
8.3.1.1.3 The break shall not show any sign of brittleness, that is the edges of the break shall not be radial
but shall be slanting in respect of a diametrical plane and shall exhibit a reduction in area over their entire
thickness.
8.3.1.1.4 The break shall not show any characterized defect in the metal.
8.3.1.1.5 The break shall not occur in a weld at a pressure less than 5,4 × P or 8 MPa, whichever is
ms
greater.
8.3.1.1.6 During the burst test, no parts shall be ejected from the extinguisher.
8.3.1.2 Deformation test
There shall be no permanent expansion in excess of 10 % of the total expansion when a previously untested
cylinder is subjected to P, applied for 30 s. For cylinders which have been subjected to P , P shall be
t t t
increased by 10 %.
NOTE An acceptable test apparatus is the water jacket test as described in the Compressed Gas Association (CGA)
pamphlet C-1. Other appropriate test methods are also acceptable.
8.4 Steel cylinders
8.4.1 Welded low-carbon steel
8.4.1.1 The cylinder material shall be capable of being welded and shall contain a maximum of 0,25 %
carbon, 0,05 % sulfur and 0,05 % phosphorous.
8.4.1.2 Filler material shall be compatible with the steel to give welds with properties equivalent to those
specified for the base sheet.
8.4.2 Stainless steel cylinders
8.4.2.1 Stainless steel domes and bottoms shall be drawn from fully annealed stock.
8.4.2.2 Only austenitic stainless steel having a maximum carbon content of 0,03 % shall be used.
8.5 Aluminium cylinders
Aluminium cylinders shall be of a seamless construction.
8.6 Minimum wall thickness
Cylinders shall have a minimum measured wall thickness, t, in millimetres, greater than the minimum wall
thickness given by Equation (1), but in no case less than 2,0 mm:
D()P
t
t= (1)
2S
where
D is the external diameter of the cylinder or, for non-cylindrical bodies, the greatest external diagonal of
the extinguisher body, in millimetres;
P is the cylinder test pressure, MPa;
t
S is 80 % of the minimum yield strength of the material specified by the manufacturer, N/mm .
8.7 Caps, valves and closures
8.7.1 Wheeled fire extinguisher cylinder caps, valves and closures shall be designed to provide release of
pressure before complete disengagement.
12 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

8.7.2 All threaded connections shall have at least four full threads of engagement and be required to relieve
pressure with at least two full threads of engagement.
8.7.3 The inside diameter of a fill opening for a wheeled extinguisher shall be not less than 50 mm for
powder types and 19 mm for other types.
IMPORTANT — Exception: the size of the fill opening can be reduced to 25 mm for powder
extinguishers having a charge not exceeding 50 kg.
8.7.4 A wheeled extinguisher collar with external threads shall have sufficient height so that the cap or valve
does not come into contact with the dome or bottom with the gasket removed.
8.7.5 A cap, valve or closure shall withstand the burst test pressure of the cylinder for 1 min without rupture.
For this test, remove or plug pressure relief devices.
8.7.6 The edges and surfaces of a wheeled fire extinguisher shall not be sufficiently sharp to constitute a
risk of injury to persons during intended use or while performing maintenance.
NOTE One method of evaluating the sharpness of edges is described in ANSI/UL 1439. Other equivalent methods
are acceptable.
8.8 Safety and anti-overfill devices
8.8.1 Safety devices
8.8.1.1 High-pressure cylinders and cartridges shall be provided with a safety device in accordance with
national regulations.
8.8.1.2 There are no compulsory safety devices required on low-pressure cylinders. However, if such a
device is used, it must be appropriately sized and positioned. The operating pressure of the device shall not
exceed P nor be less than P .
t ms
8.8.2 Anti-overfill devices
A water-based wheeled fire extinguisher shall be provided with a device to insure that the extinguisher can not
be overfilled. As an alternative, the extinguisher body may be marked with the words “FILL MARK” or “FULL”
to indicate the maximum liquid level.
8.9 Manufacturing tests
8.9.1 Low-pressure cylinders
8.9.1.1 At least one cylinder from each batch of 500 or less shall be subjected to the deformation and
burst tests. At the option of the manufacturer, the deformation and burst test may be conducted on the same
cylinder. If the test results are not acceptable, five additional cylinders are to be randomly selected from the
same batch and repeated. If one of the cylinders does not pass the test, the batch is rejected and made
unserviceable.
As an alternative, non-destructive tests such as X-ray or ultrasonic devices are permitted to be substituted for
the burst test if it can be demonstrated that they provide an equivalent level of assurance that the cylinders
comply with the burst test requirements.
8.9.1.2 Each cylinder shall be subjected to P, for at least 30 s, without leakage, failure or visible
t
deformation.
8.9.2 Leakage tests
8.9.2.1 Each stored pressure and carbon dioxide wheeled fire extinguisher and gas cartridge and cylinder
shall be subjected to a leakage test and comply with the following requirements.
a) For stored pressure wheeled fire extinguishers and cylinders fitted with a pressure gauge as specified in
6.4.1.2, the rate of leakage shall not exceed a rate of loss of pressurizing content equivalent to 5 % per
annum of the service pressure.
b) For gas cartridges and cylinders, carbon dioxide and stored pressure type wheeled extinguishers
specified in 6.4.1.1, the rate of leakage shall not exceed a rate equivalent to a 5 % loss of content per
annum.
8.9.2.2 When put under pressure with the control valve closed, wheeled fire extinguishers shall not show
a loss of pressure greater than 10 % of the service pressure within 15 min. This requirement also applies to
hoses fitted with a control valve which are put under pressure only when used.
8.10 Requirements for plastic components
8.10.1 General requirements
8.10.1.1 Plastic components of wheeled fire extinguishers shall comply with the following requirements.
The test and conformity checks shall be carried out on components which correspond to the mass produced
components in respect of the material used, the form and the method of manufacture.
8.10.1.2 It is recommended that the plastic used shall be identifiable at all times. Any change in the
material, the form, or the method of manufacture requires a new test.
8.10.1.3 It is necessary to have access to data supplied by the manufacturer relating both to the material
itself and the manufacturing procedures.
8.10.1.4 To verify the attachment of plastic parts following the air oven aging, ultraviolet light exposure and
impact resistance tests, the plastic part(s) is/are to be attached to an extinguisher and the assembly then
subjected to the appropriate test(s).
8.10.2 Requirements for normally pressurized components
8.10.2.1 Burst strength
8.10.2.1.1 Burst tests at three temperatures shall be conducted as described below:
At least three components shall be burst tested using an appropriate liquid at temperatures of (20 ± 3) °C, the
minimum temperature marked on the extinguisher ± 5 °C and at (60 ± 5) °C (see 6.1). The rate of increase in
pressure shall be (2,0 ± 0,2) MPa/min.
8.10.2.1.2 The bursting pressure before and after the aging and ultraviolet light exposure test shall be at
least equal to the minimum P .
b
8.10.2.2 Air oven aging
8.10.2.2.1 At least three components shall be subjected at an accelerated aging in an oven at (100 ± 3) °C
for 180 d (4 320 h).
8.10.2.2.2 Following the exposure, the components shall then be conditioned for 5 h at (20 + 3) °C and
subsequently inspected for cracking. No cracking shall be permitted.
8.10.2.2.3 The components shall then be burst tested at (20 ± 3) °C using a suitable liquid at a rate of
pressure increase of (2,0 ± 0,2) MPa/min. P shall be at least equal to that specified for the extinguisher.
b
14 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved

8.10.3 Ultraviolet light exposure
8.10.3.1 For external components, at least six samples shall be subjected for 500 h to an artificial
weathering test in accordance with 8.10.3.3 and then conditioned for 5 h at (20 ± 3) °C. The samples shall then
be inspected for cracking. No cracking shall be permitted.
8.10.3.2 The components shall then be burst tested at (20 ± 3) °C using a suitable liquid at a rate of
pressure increase of (2,0 ± 0,2) MPa/min. P shall be at least equal to that specified for the extinguisher.
b
8.10.3.3 The ultraviolet light is to be obtained from two stationary enclosed carbon-arc lamps. The arc of
each lamp is to be formed between two vertical carbon electrodes, 12,7 mm in diameter, located at the centre
of a revolvable vertical metal cylinder, 787 mm in diameter and 450 mm in height. Each arc is to be enclosed
with a clear borosilicate glass globe. The samples are to be mounted vertically on the inside of the revolvable
cylinder continuously revolved around the stationary lamps at one revolution per minute. A system of nozzles
is to be provided so that each sample, in turn, is sprayed with water as the cylinder revolves. During each
operating cycle (total of 20 min) each sample is to be exposed to the light and water spray for 3 min and to the
light only for 17 min. The air temperature within the revolving cylinder of the apparatus during operation is to
be (63 ± 5) °C.
8.10.4 Normally non-pressurized components
8.10.4.1 Plastic wheeled fire extinguisher components which are only subject to pressure upon
extinguisher operation shall be subjected to the burst, air oven aging and impact resistance tests. The air oven
exposure is either (100 ± 3) °C for 70 d (1 680 h) or (87 ± 3) °C for 180 d (4 320 h) at the manufacturer’s
choice.
8.10.4.2 External plastic components shall comply with the ultraviolet light test specified in 8.10.3.
8.10.5 Exposure to extinguishing agent test
8.10.5.1 There shall be no damage to polymeric siphon tubes, which have been conditioned in accordance
with 8.10.5.2 when installed in test extinguishers and subjected to the mechanical resistance test described
in 6.7. Following conditioning in accordance with 8.10.5.2 ring samples cut from polymeric siphon tubes shall
not exhibit degradation in excess of 40 % of the original tensile or ring crushing strength values.
8.10.5.2 Place complete siphon tubes in contact with the media with which they are to be used. Totally
cover or immerse ring samples, 12,7 mm wide, cut from unaged siphon tubes in the media. Ensure the
samples do not touch each other or the container holding the media and samples. Place the container of
media, with the samples in place, in a preheated oven at (90 ± 3) °C for 210 d (5 040 h). After the test
exposure, cool the samples in air at (23 ± 2) °C for at least 24 h before any tests or dimensional
measurements are conducted. Subject the ring samples to a crush test between two parallel flat plates using a
testing machine capable of applying a compressive load at a uniform rate of 5 mm per minute and recording
the load versus the deflection. If the nature of the material is such that meaningful test results cannot be
obtained, other tests, such as tensile tests, may be conducted.
8.11 Discharge assembly
8.11.1 Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be equipped with a hose at least 4,0 m long and a shutoff nozzle at
the end of the hose to permit intermittent operation.
However, the minimum length of the discharge hose may be reduced to 1,5 m for wheeled extinguishers
having a charge of extinguishing medium not exceeding 25 kg or 25 l.
8.11.2 The hose and coupling system shall function throughout the operating temperature range, and
coupling systems shall be designed and fitted in such a way that they cannot damage the hose.
8.11.3 The burst pressure of the hose assembly shall be equal to or greater than the appropriate value below.
P shall be established by increasing the pressure to the minimum allowable burst pressure in a time not less
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than 30 s, maintaining that pressure for a further 30 s during which time failure must not occur and then
increasing the pressure until the point of failure.
a) For all types except carbon dioxide wheeled extinguishers the burst pressure shall be equal to or greater
than:
⎯ three times the pressure developed in the extinguisher at 60 °C, the test being carried out at
(20 ± 5) °C;
⎯ twice the pressure developed in the extinguisher at 60 °C, the test being carried out at (60 ± 5) °C.
b) For carbon dioxide extinguishers the burst pressure shall be equal to or greater than:
⎯ 1,5 times the pressure developed in the extinguisher at 60 °C, the test being carried out at
(20 ± 5) °C;
⎯ 1,25 times the pressure developed in the extinguisher at 60 °C, the test being carried out at
(60 ± 5) °C.
8.12 Control valve
8.12.1 Wheeled fire extinguishers shall be fitted with a controllable valve at the discharge end of the hose
assembly to permit discontinuance of the discharge of the extinguishing medium at any given time.
Furthermore, the valve must be satisfactorily resistant to leakage following cessation of the discharge. This
requirement shall be verified by the following test.
Operate the wheeled fire extinguisher for a period equal to half the time for total discharge and then close the
valve.
In the case of a wheeled fire extinguisher wit
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