ISO 5430:2023
(Main)Plastics — Ecotoxicity testing scheme for soluble decomposition intermediates from biodegradable plastic materials and products used in the marine environment — Test methods and requirements
Plastics — Ecotoxicity testing scheme for soluble decomposition intermediates from biodegradable plastic materials and products used in the marine environment — Test methods and requirements
This document specifies test methods and evaluation criteria by addressing potential ecotoxicological adverse effects on marine organisms. Adverse effects on marine species can be caused by soluble degradation products of plastic materials such as intermediates or remaining residues resulting from the biodegradation of plastic materials that are used in products for marine applications (e.g. nets for fish farming, dolly ropes, floats, buoys and other non-fishing applications) and which are used in different marine zones, e.g. eulittoral, sublittoral or pelagic zones. The ecotoxicity testing scheme covers marine organisms from four trophic levels, primary producer, primary and secondary consumers and decomposer: — toxicity to marine algae, — toxicity to marine invertebrates, — toxicity to marine fish, — toxicity to marine microorganisms. This document is not suitable for the assessment of adverse effects caused by solid materials of any size.
Plastiques — Méthodes d'essai d'écotoxicité pour les intermédiaires de décomposition solubles à partir de matériaux et produits plastiques biodégradables utilisés dans le milieu marin — Méthodes d'essai et exigences
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5430
First edition
2023-05
Plastics — Ecotoxicity testing
scheme for soluble decomposition
intermediates from biodegradable
plastic materials and products used
in the marine environment — Test
methods and requirements
Plastiques — Méthodes d'essai d'écotoxicité pour les intermédiaires
de décomposition solubles à partir de matériaux et produits
plastiques biodégradables utilisés dans le milieu marin — Méthodes
d'essai et exigences
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 General . 2
5 Test methods . 3
5.1 Preparation of marine matrices for ecotoxicity testing . 3
5.1.1 General . 3
5.1.2 Enriched cultures . 4
5.2 Determination of ecotoxicological effects on marine algae (mandatory) . 4
5.3 Determination of ecotoxicological effects on marine invertebrates (marine
copepods) (mandatory) . 5
5.4 Determination of ecotoxicological effects on marine fish (optional) . 5
5.5 Determination of ecotoxicological effects on marine microorganisms (mandatory) . 5
6 Test report . 5
Annex A (normative) Determination of ecotoxicological effects on the marine algae
Skeletonema sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum . 6
Annex B (normative) Determination of ecotoxicological effects on marine copepods
(Copepoda, Crustacea) . 8
Annex C (informative) Determination of ecotoxicological effects on marine fish .10
Annex D (normative) Determination of ecotoxicological effects on the marine
microorganism Aliivibrio fischeri .12
Bibliography .14
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 14,
Environmental aspects.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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iv
Introduction
There is a growing interest in using biodegradable materials in products used in the marine environment
(e.g. farming and fishing gears, floats, buoys and other non-fishing materials or products). These
products are subject to wear and tear and, therefore, tend to be sources of macro- and microplastics.
Biodegradability is a factor that, in principle, mitigates the environmental impacts of fragmentation,
thanks to persistence times in the environment that are shorter than that of non-biodegradable
materials. Therefore, test methods to measure the level of biodegradation and disintegration of plastic
materials in different marine habitats have been established by ISO/TC 61/SC 14 in recent years to
better characterize the degradation of plastics in these very particular environments:
— The test standards like ISO 18830 (or ISO 19679), ISO 22404, ISO 23977-1 (or ISO 23977-2) are suited
to investigate the biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to marine environmental samples
(sediments and seawater).
— The ISO standard specification ISO 22403 specifies test methods and requirements to assess
the intrinsic biodegradability of materials exposed to marine inocula under mesophilic aerobic
laboratory conditions.
— The ISO standard ISO 22766 describes methods for the determination of the degree of disintegration
of biodegradable plastic materials exposed to sublittoral and eulittoral habitats under real field
conditions.
— The ISO standard ISO 23832 describes methods for the determination of the degradation rate
and disintegration degree of plastic materials exposed to marine environmental matrices under
laboratory conditions.
Besides data on the biodegradability of plastics materials, tests on ecotoxicological effects of potential
soluble decomposition intermediates of the biodegradation process to marine organisms are necessary
to enable developer and manufacturer of materials to evaluate and to exclude negative effects on
marine organisms. In addition, in combination with data on biodegradability, data on ecotoxicological
effects can be used for e.g. risk assessment purposes.
This document specifies test methods and requirements for assessing potential adverse effects on
different marine organisms caused by soluble decomposition intermediates (degradation products)
resulting from the decomposition of plastic materials that are intentionally used in marine areas.
Comprehensive ecotoxicity testing schemes and evaluation criteria are already part of ISO standard
specifications like ISO 17088 and ISO 23517. The scheme and criteria given in ISO 23517 are equivalent
to the requirements specified in the CEN-standard EN 17033. The CEN-document EN 17427 on carrier
bags suitable for treatment in well-managed home composting installations includes an ecotoxicity
testing scheme that follows the same basic principles as laid down in above mentioned ISO- and EN-
standard specifications: adverse effects are assessed based on results from three tests covering
organisms representing different trophic levels.
This document aims to provide a suitable ecotoxicity testing scheme for marine organisms.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5430:2023(E)
Plastics — Ecotoxicity testing scheme for soluble
decomposition intermediates from biodegradable plastic
materials and products used in the marine environment —
Test methods and requirements
1 Scope
This document specifies test methods and evaluation criteria by addressing potential ecotoxicological
adverse effects on marine organisms. Adverse effects on marine species can be caused by soluble
degradation products of plastic materials such as intermediates or remaining residues resulting from
the biodegradation of plastic materials that are used in products for marine applications (e.g. nets
for fish farming, dolly ropes, floats, buoys and other non-fishing applications) and which are used in
different marine zones, e.g. eulittoral, sublittoral or pelagic zones.
The ecotoxicity testing scheme covers marine organisms from four trophic levels, primary producer,
primary and secondary consumers and decomposer:
— toxicity to marine algae,
— toxicity to marine invertebrates,
— toxicity to marine fish,
— toxicity to marine microorganisms.
This document is not suitable for the assessment of adverse effects caused by solid materials of any size.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary
ISO 5667-16, Water quality — Sampling — Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples
ISO 10210, Plastics — Methods for the preparation of samples for biodegradation testing of plastic
materials
ISO 10253:2016, Water quality — Marine algal growth inhibition test with Skeletonema sp. and
Phaeodactylum tricornutum
ISO 11348 (all parts), Water quality — Determination of the inhibitory effect of water samples on the light
emission of Vibrio fischeri (Luminescent bacteria test)
ISO 14669, Water quality — Determination of acute lethal toxicity to marine copepods (Copepoda,
Crustacea)
ISO 17088, Plastics — Organic recycling — Specifications for compostable plastics
ISO 18830, Plastics — Determination of aerobic biodegradation of non-floating plastic materials in a
seawater/sandy sediment interface — Method by measuring the oxygen demand in closed respirometer
ISO 19679, Plastics — Determination of aerobic biodegradation of non-floating plastic materials in a
seawater/sediment interface — Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
ISO 22404, Plastics — Determination of the aerobic biodegradation of non-floating materials exposed to
marine sediment — Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
ISO 23977-1, Plastics — Determination of the aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to
seawater — Part 1: Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide
ISO 23977-2, Plastics — Determination of the aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to
seawater — Part 2: Method by measuring the oxygen demand in closed respirometer
OECD 2019), Test No. 203 Fish, Acute Toxicity Test, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals,
Section 2
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472, ISO 17088 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: avai
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