ISO 10109:2024
(Main)Optics and photonics — Guidance for the selection of environmental tests
Optics and photonics — Guidance for the selection of environmental tests
This document contains tables for environmental tests and test parameters which can be used as a guideline for the selection of environmental tests. These include the selection of standardized tests according to ISO 9022 as well as additional parameters not described in ISO 9022 and necessary for the optical or photonic instruments. Ultimately, these tables specify the requirements to be met with regard to the reliability of the optical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties or performance characteristics of the instruments when exposed to environmental influences. Environmental test methods, as specified in ISO 9022 (all parts), can be assigned to the various areas of application for the purpose of ascertaining the suitability of the instruments in the respective area of application.
Optiques et photonique — Directives relatives au choix des essais environnementaux
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 10109
Third edition
Optics and photonics — Guidance
2024-02
for the selection of environmental
tests
Optiques et photonique — Directives relatives au choix des essais
environnementaux
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Environmental influences . 3
4.1 General .3
4.2 Standard environment 1 .3
4.3 Standard environment 2 .4
4.4 Standard environment 3 .4
4.5 Standard environment 4 .5
4.6 Standard environment 5 .5
4.7 Standard environment 6 .5
4.8 Standard environment 7 .6
4.9 Standard environment 8 .6
4.10 Standard environment 9 .7
4.11 Standard environment 10 .7
4.12 Standard environment 11 .7
5 Table for environmental tests and test parameters . 7
Annex A (informative) Example of selection of environmental tests.13
Annex B (informative) Example of selection of standard environmental tests .20
Bibliography .22
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and photonics, Subcommittee SC 1,
Fundamental standards.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition ISO 10109:2015 which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— standard environments were revised and new standard environments were added.
— example of selection of standard environmental tests were added as Annex B.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
Optical and photonic instruments including additional assemblies from other fields (e.g. mechanical,
chemical, and electronic devices) are affected during their use by a number of different environmental and
handling parameters, which they are required to resist without significant reduction in performance and
to remain within defined specifications. This is what the manufacturer attempts to ensure and the user
expects to receive.
This expectation can be assessed by exposure of the instrument to a range of simulated environmental
parameters under controlled laboratory conditions. The cumulative combination, degree of severity, and
sequence of these conditions can be selected to obtain meaningful results in a relatively short period of time.
Technical requirements as given in the tables of this document are abbreviated and the reader has to
consult the referenced standards (i.e. the relevant part of ISO 9022) for the full specification of the technical
requirement.
For the purposes of this document, nominal values for properties or performance characteristics are
understood to be the manufacturer's internal technical data and do not directly reflect manufacturer's
product specifications.
v
International Standard ISO 10109:2024(en)
Optics and photonics — Guidance for the selection of
environmental tests
1 Scope
This document contains tables for environmental tests and test parameters which can be used as a guideline
for the selection of environmental tests. These include the selection of standardized tests according to
ISO 9022 as well as additional parameters not described in ISO 9022 and necessary for the optical or photonic
instruments. Ultimately, these tables specify the requirements to be met with regard to the reliability of the
optical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties or performance characteristics of the instruments
when exposed to environmental influences.
Environmental test methods, as specified in ISO 9022 (all parts), can be assigned to the various areas
of application for the purpose of ascertaining the suitability of the instruments in the respective area of
application.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
environmental requirement
specific natural and technical environmental influences between the limiting values of which optical
instruments and instruments with optical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical components are to be
operable
3.2
technical requirement
defined limiting value for the natural and technical environmental influences occurring in the envisaged
area of application
Note 1 to entry: In order to verify whether an instrument fulfils a technical requirement, conditioning methods can be
stipulated with degrees of severity whose limiting values are either higher or lower than those specified.
3.3
extent of testing
sum of all required tests to ascertain operability as well as product performance within the intended use
and time of life
Note 1 to entry: The extent of design verification/testing is subdivided into
— design verification and production process controlling (not addressed by this document), and
— testing of functional models, prototypes, and production series products.
3.4
area of application
classification of the operability of an instrument within a defined environment and intended application
Note 1 to entry: The manufacturer defines the environment parameters. This can be done, e.g. by using pre-defined
‘standardized areas of application’ such as in Table 3 to Table 12 in full or in part.
EXAMPLE General application in an office environment with air conditioning; or an outdoor application, non-
weather protected in arctic climate.
3.5
conditioning method
individual or combined environmental influence(s) to which the specimen is submitted during the test, e.g.
shock or damp heat
3.6
degree of severity
parameter containing all the individual quantities required for the test
Note 1 to entry: See also ISO 9022-2 to ISO 9022-23.
EXAMPLE Temperature, humidity, conditioning time, and others have to be defined for the intended area of
application.
3.7
state of operation
code that designates the state of operation of a specimen
Note 1 to entry: Table 1 gives states of operation in accordance with ISO 9022 (all parts).
Table 1 — States of operation
State of operation Comment
0 Specimen in its normal transport and/or storage container as provided by the manufacturer
(transport container, shipping package).
1 Specimen is unprotected, ready for operation, power supply not connected.
2 Specimen is in operation during conditioning for a period to be specified in the relevant
specification. The mode of the operating status is specified in the relevant specification.
During operation, a check is performed to establish if the specimen is functioning as re-
quired.
3.8
status after test
code that designates the outcome of the test
Note 1 to entry: Table 2 gives the status after test.
Table 2 — Status after test
Status after test Comment
A All performance criteria are satisfied.
B All performance criteria are satisfied. Damage to parts not needed for function or
reduced life are possible.
C Not all performance criteria are satisfied. Damage to parts not needed for function or
reduced life are possible.
D Device may not operate anymore; damage is expected.
4 Environmental influences
4.1 General
Table 3 to Table 13 classify and describe standardized environment areas, which constitute a summary
of the various environmental requirements with major influences to products during shipping, transport,
storage, and operation.
The values for standard environments 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 have been compiled from excerpts of
IEC 60721-2-1, IEC 60721-3-4, MIL-STD-810H, and MIL-HDBK-310.
Standard environment 5 and 13 are defined for use in weather-protected locations.
Standard environment 2 and 6 are both defined as an open-air climate. The temperature range for standard
environment 2 applies for states of operation 0 and 1. The restricted temperature range for standard
environment 6 applies for state of operation 2. The restricted limiting values of standard environment 6 are
for optical precision measurements and for the use of optical consumer products in the open air.
4.2 Standard environment 1
Table 3 — Non-weather-protected locations with extremely cold climates
(Arctic or Antarctic climate)
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature −55 °C to +30 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. In ex-
treme geographical conditions, temperatures as low as −65 °C
and as high as 45 °C can occur in the location of use. With
temporary or permanent storage in enclosed vehicles, sheds,
hangars, or attics, temperatures of over 45 °C can be experi-
enced in strong sunshine, and over 70 °C in extreme cases. The
specification does not address these conditions.
Relative humidity up to 100 %
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa 50 kPa to 110 kPa in unfavourable conditions.
Total solar irradiance up to 1,1 kW/m Intensity of global radiation on earth's surface, depending on
the latitude.
Amount of precipitation (rain, ≤15 mm/min
snow, or hail)
Dew or ice build-up yes
4.3 Standard environment 2
a
Table 4 — Global locations, non-weather-protected locations in basic regional type
Environmental influence Value Comment
b
Temperature −33 °C to +50 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. In
extreme geographical conditions, temperatures as low as
−45 °C and over 50 °C can be experienced in the location of use.
With temporary or permanent storage in enclosed vehicles,
sheds, hangars, or attics, temperatures of over 65 °C can occur
in strong sunshine, and over 70 °C in extreme cases. The speci-
fication does not address these conditions.
Relative humidity up to 100 %
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa 50 kPa to 110 kPa in unfavourable conditions.
Total solar irradiance up to 1,1 kW/m Intensity of global radiation on earth's surface, depending on
the latitude.
Amount of precipitation (rain, ≤5 mm/min
snow or hail)
Dew or ice build-up yes
a
Standard environment 8 and 9 have a temperature range up to +55 °C.
b
Testing for temperature range +50 °C is not currently a severity condition in ISO 9022-2.
4.4 Standard environment 3
Table 5 — Global locations, non-weather-protected, with maritime and/or coastal climate
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature −20 °C to +35 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. Along
coasts with icing, temperatures below −20 °C can be experi-
enced, and above 35 °C along tropical coasts. With temporary or
permanent storage in enclosed vehicles, sheds, hangars, or attics,
temperatures over 50 °C can be experienced in strong sunshine,
and over 70 °C in extreme cases. The specification does not ad-
dress these conditions.
Relative humidity up to 100 %
Air pressure 90 kPa to 106 kPa 50 kPa to 110 kPa in unfavourable conditions.
Total solar irradiance up to 1,1 kW/m Intensity of global radiation on earth's surface, depending on the
latitude.
Amount of precipitation (rain, ≤15 mm/min
snow or hail)
Dew or ice build-up yes
4.5 Standard environment 4
Table 6 — High altitudes of up to 30 000 m
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature −65 °C to +55 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. Above
polar zones, temperatures below −65 °C have to be expected.
With temporary or permanent storage in enclosed vehicles,
sheds, hangars, or attics, temperatures over 55 °C can be expe-
rienced in strong sunshine, and over 85 °C in extreme cases. The
specification does not address these conditions.
Relative humidity up to 100 %
Air pressure 1 kPa to 106 kPa
Total solar irradiance up to 1,4 kW/m Intensity of radiation at altitude of 30 000 m.
Amount of precipitation (rain, ≤15 mm/min
snow or hail)
Dew or ice build-up yes
4.6 Standard environment 5
Table 7 — Technical climate in weather-protected locations
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature +10 °C to +35 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. In un-
favourable conditions, temperatures below 10 °C and over 35 °C
may occur. The specification does not address these conditions.
Relative humidity up to 85 %
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa 50 kPa to 110 kPa in unfavourable conditions.
Total solar irradiance up to 0,9 kW/m Without protection from sunshine, depending on the latitude.
4.7 Standard environment 6
Table 8 — Non-weather-protected locations with restricted limiting values
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature −20 °C to +50 °C The restricted temperature range applies for state of operation
2. The values of standard environment 2 apply for the states of
operation 0 and 1.
Relative humidity up to 100 %
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa 50 kPa to 110 kPa in unfavourable conditions.
Total solar irradiance up to 1,1 kW/m The total solar irradiance depends on the latitude. Beware of
critical values in and on the instruments when combining heat
and solar irradiance.
Amount of precipitation (rain, ≤5 mm/min
snow or hail)
Dew or ice build-up yes
4.8 Standard environment 7
Table 9 — Non-weather-protected locations with cold climates
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature −45 °C to +45 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. In
extreme geographical conditions, temperatures as low as −65 °C
and as high as 45 °C can occur in the location of use. With tempo-
rary or permanent storage in enclosed vehicles, sheds, hangars,
or attics, temperatures of over 45 °C can be experienced in
strong sunshine, and over 70 °C in extreme cases. The specifica-
tion does not address these conditions.
Relative humidity up to 100 %
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa 50 kPa to 110 kPa in unfavourable conditions.
Total solar irradiance up to 1,1 kW/m Intensity of global radiation on earth's surface, depending on the
latitude.
Amount of precipitation (rain, ≤5 mm/min
snow, or hail)
Dew or ice build-up yes
4.9 Standard environment 8
Table 10 — Non-weather-protected locations with dry hot climates
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature -10 °C to +55 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. In
extreme geographical conditions, temperatures as low as −20 °C
and over 55 °C can be experienced in the location of use. With
temporary or permanent storage in enclosed vehicles, sheds,
hangars, or attics, temperatures of over 70 °C can occur in strong
sunshine, and over 85 °C in extreme cases. The specification
does not address these conditions.
Relative humidity less than 40 %
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa 50 kPa to 110 kPa in unfavourable conditions.
Total solar irradiance up to 1,1 kW/m Intensity of global radiation on earth's surface, depending on the
latitude.
Dew or ice build-up no
4.10 Standard environment 9
Table 11 — Non-weather-protected locations with humid hot climates
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature +10 °C to +55 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. In ex-
treme geographical conditions, temperatures over 55 °C can be
experienced in the location of use. With temporary or permanent
storage in enclosed vehicles, sheds, hangars, or attics, tem-
peratures of over 70 °C can occur in strong sunshine, and over
85 °C in extreme cases. The specification does not address these
conditions.
Relative humidity up to 100 %
Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa 50 kPa to 110 kPa in unfavourable conditions.
Total solar irradiance up to 1,1 kW/m Intensity of global radiation on earth's surface, depending on the
latitude.
Amount of precipitation (rain, ≤5 mm/min
snow or hail)
Dew or ice build-up yes
4.11 Standard environment 10
Table 12 — High altitudes of up to 80 000 m
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature −145 °C to +55 °C This range applies for commonly experienced conditions. Tem-
peratures below −145 °C can be experienced. With temporary or
permanent storage in enclosed vehicles, sheds, hangars, or attics,
temperatures over 55 °C can be experienced in strong sunshine,
and over 85 °C in extreme cases. The specification does not address
these conditions.
Relative humidity up to 100 %
Air pressure 0,2 Pa to 106 kPa
Total solar irradiance up to 1,4 kW/m Intensity of radiation at altitude of 80 000 m.
Amount of precipitation (rain, ≤15 mm/min
snow or hail)
Dew or ice build-up yes
4.12 Standard environment 11
Table 13 — Temperature and humidity controlled laboratory
Environmental influence Value Comment
Temperature +17 °C to +23 °C
Relative humidity 30 % to 60 %
Air pressure 70 Pa to 106 kPa
5 Table for environmental tests and test parameters
The wide range of technologies applied in complex instruments often requires specific and individually
selected test parameters, test sequences, and combined tests. Table 14 is a collection of mainly climatic and
mechanical tests.
The user of this document, e.g. a manufacturer, selects the tests and adapts the parameters to their specific
equipment. A specific area of application must be defined for every item of equipment and both the tests and
the degree of severity also must be adapted to the intended climatic and operating environment and to the
customer expectations. It is up to the manufacturer to carefully select the appropriate tests, the combination
of the tests, the required technical parameters, the degree of severity, the status of operation, the extent of
testing and other parameters. A non-standard environment example is given in Annex A and a standard
environment is given in Annex B.
Table 14 is a comprehensive list of nearly all the environmental tests that could potentially be used for
optical applications. This includes the ISO 9022 series and IEC standards. It is not necessary to specify all the
tests listed in Table 14. It is most common to only note a subsection of the tests shown.
As a general test result, the status after the test can be shown in the table for each specific test run.
Note that in Table 14, the combination of the three columns “Conditioning method”, “Degree of severity”,
and “State of operation” provide the full specification using the coded format as defined in ISO 9022-1.
The column labelled “Technica
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