ISO 1663:2007
(Main)Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of water vapour transmission properties
Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of water vapour transmission properties
ISO 1663:2007 specifies a method of determining the water vapour transmission rate, water vapour permeance, water vapour permeability and water vapour diffusion resistance index for rigid cellular plastics. The scope of this method provides for the testing of rigid cellular materials that have thicknesses from 10 mm upwards and which may, as an integral part of the material, contain natural skins or adhered facings of some different material. Three different sets of temperature and humidity conditions are provided, as follows: 38 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to 88 %; 23 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to 85 %; 23 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to of 50 %. The results obtained by this method are suitable for design purposes and production control, and for inclusion in product specifications. The method is suitable for materials which have water vapour transmission rates in the range 3 ng/(m2.s) to 200 ng/(m2.s).
Plastiques alvéolaires rigides — Détermination des caractéristiques de transmission de la vapeur d'eau
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 1663
Third edition
2007-05-01
Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of
water vapour transmission properties
Plastiques alvéolaires rigides — Détermination des caractéristiques de
transmission de la vapeur d'eau
Reference number
ISO 1663:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO 1663:2007(E)
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ISO 1663:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Principle. 2
5 Apparatus and materials. 2
6 Sample . 3
7 Test specimens . 5
8 Procedure . 5
9 Expression of results . 7
10 Precision. 8
11 Test report . 9
Annex A (normative) Preparation of test assemblies. 10
Annex B (informative) Derivation of the formula for calculating the water vapour diffusion
resistance index. 12
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ISO 1663:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 1663 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 10, Cellular plastics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1663:1999), of which it constitutes a minor
revision. The main changes are as follows:
⎯ the tolerance limits required for the humidity in the constant-humidity chamber (see 5.6 and 8.1) have
been relaxed from ± 2 % to ± 5 %;
⎯ in Table 1, the third set of test conditions has been corrected to 38 °C and 0 % to 88 % RH.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1663:2007(E)
Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of water vapour
transmission properties
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method of determining the water vapour transmission rate, water
vapour permeance, water vapour permeability and water vapour diffusion resistance index for rigid cellular
plastics.
The scope of this method provides for the testing of rigid cellular materials that have thicknesses from 10 mm
upwards and which may, as an integral part of the material, contain natural skins or adhered facings of some
different material.
Three different sets of temperature and humidity conditions are provided, as follows:
a) 38 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to 88 %;
b) 23 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to 85 %;
c) 23 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to of 50 %.
The results obtained by this method are suitable for design purposes and production control, and for inclusion
in product specifications.
2
The method is suitable for materials which have water vapour transmission rates in the range 3 ng/(m⋅s) to
2
200 ng/(m⋅s).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 483, Plastics — Small enclosures for conditioning and testing using aqueous solutions to maintain the
humidity at a constant value
ISO 1923, Cellular plastics and rubbers — Determination of linear dimensions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
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ISO 1663:2007(E)
3.1
water vapour transmission rate
quantity of water vapour transmitted through unit area of a test specimen in unit time under specified
conditions of temperature, humidity and thickness
−2 −1
NOTE 1 It is expressed in micrograms per square metre per second (µg⋅m ⋅s ).
NOTE 2 The values obtained for the water vapour transmission rate are specific to the thickness of the test specimen.
3.2
water vapour permeance
ratio of the water vapour transmission rate for a test specimen to the vapour pressure difference between the
two specimen faces during the test
−2 −1 −1
NOTE 1 It is expressed in nanograms per square metre per second per pascal (ng⋅m ⋅s ⋅Pa ).
NOTE 2 Water vapour permeance values are specific to the thickness at which the specimen was tested.
3.3
water vapour resistance
inverse of water vapour permeance
3.4
water vapour permeability
numerical value of the product of permeance and thickness
NOTE 1 It is the quantity of water vapour transmitted per unit time through a given area of the material per unit vapour
pressure difference between its faces for a unit thickness.
−1 −1 −1
NOTE 2 It is expressed in nanograms per metre per second per pascal (ng⋅m ⋅s ⋅Pa ).
NOTE 3 For homogeneous materials, values obtained for water vapour permeability are a property of the material.
3.5
water vapour diffusion resistance index
ratio of the water vapour permeability of air to that of the material concerned
NOTE 1 It indicates how much less permeable the material is than an equally thick layer of stationary air at the same
temperature.
NOTE 2 It is dimensionless.
NOTE 3 For homogeneous materials, values obtained for water vapour diffusion resistance index are a property of the
material.
4 Principle
A test specimen is sealed to the open mouth of a test dish containing a desiccant. The assembly is then
placed in an atmosphere whose temperature and humidity are controlled. Periodic weighings of the assembly
are made to determine the rate of water vapour transmission through the specimen into the desiccant.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Shallow circular open containers, made of a material impermeable to water vapour, such as glass or
metal, of 65 mm minimum diameter and with tops slightly belled out to admit a wax seal. See Annex A for
typical assemblies and 5.3 for assemblies requiring a template.
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ISO 1663:2007(E)
5.2 Measuring instruments, capable of determining linear dimensions in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 1923.
5.3 Circular template (with edge tapered to facilitate removal after use), to duplicate the exposed area of
2
the specimen to the nearest 0,1 cm . The template shall have an area that is at least 90 % of the exposed
surface of the specimen in order to reduce the edge effect due to a non-linear vapour seal.
5.4 Pot or dish, for melting the sealant wax (5.8).
5.5 Analytical balance, capable of weighing the test assembly to an accuracy of 0,1 mg.
5.6 Constant-temperature, constant-humidity chamber, capable of being maintained within ± 5 % of the
required relative humidity and within ± 1 °C of the required temperature, and with a provision for continuous
monitoring of the temperature and humidity during the test period. The chamber may be a room. Alternatively,
if the chamber corresponds to that shown in Figure 1, then the air circulation shall be capable of being
switched off to permit accurate weighings.
NOTE If a conditioned room is used for the test, then it is not necessary to use the chamber shown in Figure 1.
5.7 The following solutions can be used with non-injection-type humidity cabinets:
5.7.1 For testing at 38 °C and a relative humidity of 88 %: saturated potassium nitrate solution
containing a large excess of the undissolved salt at 38 °C.
5.7.2 For testing at 23 °C and a relative humidity of 85 %: saturated chloride solution containing a large
excess of the undissolved salt at 23 °C.
NOTE 1 For testing at 23 °C and a relative humidity of 50 %, there is no suitable salt which would meet the tolerance
required by 8.1.
NOTE 2 For laboratories which do not have a suitable humidity chamber, the following solutions are suggested as
alternatives, although the user should be aware that they do not comply with this International Standard:
a) a saturated aqueous solution of magnesium nitrate hexahydrate containing a large excess of the undissolved salt at
23 °C;
b) a saturated aqueous solution of sodium dichromate dihydrate containing a large excess of the undissolved salt at
23 °C.
More information about constant-humidity solutions may be found in ISO 483.
5.8 Sealant wax, unaffected by the test conditions. The following are examples of suitable sealants:
5.8.1 A mixture of 90 % microcrystalline wax and 10 % of a plasticizer (for example low-molecular-mass
polyisobutylene).
5.8.2 A mixture of 60 % microcrystalline wax and 40 % refined crystalline paraffin.
5.9 Anydrous calcium chloride desiccant, with particles about 5 mm in diameter, free from fines, which
would pass a No. 30 (600 µm) sieve.
5.10 Limiting ring, for use with thin specimens (see Figure A.1).
6 Sample
The sample shall be representative of the material. It may contain the natural skin or facings adhered to it
which constitute part of the material.
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ISO 1663:2007(E)
Some cellular plastics have skins of a density significantly different from that of the core material. If it is
intended to determine the permeability of the material, the specimen shall be homogeneous and tested
without the skin and facing.
Key
1 controlled-environment test chamber with “glove box” type access door
2 balance
3 suspended weighing platform
4 test assembly during weighing
Figure 1 — Recommended specimen exposure and measurement when operator
cannot enter controlled environment
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ISO 1663:2007(E)
7 Test specimens
7.1 Dimensions
7.1.1 Shape and fit
Specimens shall be cut to fit the dimensions of the test assembly used (see Annex A).
7.1.2 Thickness
The thickness of specimens shall not be less than 10 mm, except for materials produced thinner than 10 mm
which shall be tested at the manufactured thickness. A specimen thickness of 25 mm is preferred.
7.1.3 Exposed area
The diameter of specimens shall not be less than four times the specimen thickness. The minimum exposed
2
area shall be 50 cm .
7.2 Number
A minimum of five specimens shall be tested.
When the material to be tested is suspected of being anisotropic, the test specimens shall be cut such that the
parallel face
...
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