ISO 14612:2004
(Main)Ships and marine technology — Ship's bridge layout and associated equipment — Additional requirements and guidelines for centralized and integrated bridge functions
Ships and marine technology — Ship's bridge layout and associated equipment — Additional requirements and guidelines for centralized and integrated bridge functions
ISO 14612:2004 specifies technical requirements for the enhanced functionality of ship's bridge layout and design, with the key navigational functions centralized and integrated, for the purpose of securing safe and efficient operation of the ship, berth-to-berth, regardless of the watchkeeping arrangement in place at the time. These requirements are generally additional to those given in ISO 8468. Where there are physical limitations in applying this International Standard, i.e. to small ships or ships of unusual design, the general principles still apply and can be implemented as far as practicable. It is applicable to seagoing ships where bridge duty is regularly maintained.
Navires et technologie maritime — Aménagement de la passerelle d'un navire et disposition de ses équipements annexes — Exigences supplémentaires et directives pour les fonctions centralisées et intégrées de la passerelle
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14612
First edition
2004-07-01
Ships and marine technology — Ship's
bridge layout and associated
equipment — Requirements and
guidelines for centralized and integrated
bridge functions
Navires et technologie maritime — Aménagement de la passerelle d'un
navire et disposition de ses équipements annexes — Exigences
supplémentaires et directives pour les fonctions centralisées et
intégrées de la passerelle
Reference number
ISO 14612:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope. 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms. 1
4 Bridge configuration. 7
5 Bridge arrangement . 10
6 Bridge equipment. 17
7 Bridge working environment . 19
6 Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). 19
7 Bridge operating manuals. 19
Annex A (normative) Ship’s bridge for high-speed craft . 20
Annex B (informative) Typical bridge layouts with centralized and integrated functions. 22
Bibliography . 24
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14612 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 8, Ships and marine technology, Subcommittee
SC 5, Ships' bridge layout.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
Introduction
It has become common for maritime officers and crew to move between shipping companies and flag states,
to serve on a wide range of ships. Pilots, too, increasingly guide a wide variety of ships and equipment. This
International Standard therefore gives requirements and guidelines aimed at ensuring safe navigation by
standardizing the bridge system and environment so that watchkeepers are provided with a consistent pattern
of equipment layout regardless of the ship type or navigational system fitted on the bridge of a particular
vessel.
This International Standard has the same structure as that of ISO 8468. Its requirements concentrate on
centralizing and integrating key bridge functions, taking into account human factors, ergonomics and
advances in technology, and are additional to the requirements specified in ISO 8468.
Functional requirements are outlined in general terms in order to prescribe the basic functionality, providing
the OOW — at each defined workstation — with the best possible overview of internally presented data, easy
and ergonomic operation of instruments, necessary performance and reliability in instruments and power
supplies, and adequate environmental conditions on the bridge.
All information to the OOW made available from instruments, alarm systems and communication equipment
has to be suited for the purpose, and presented in accordance with ergonomic principles. Too much
information is stressing and may cause confusion. Too little information may reduce safety.
Information as well as control systems have to provide the needed and correct performance suited to the
particular workstation and procedures. Safety aspects related to crew, cargo, ship and the environment need
to be addressed in detail.
Guidelines and figures give examples, ideal and/or alternative solutions, when such are well defined. Guiding
references and comments are added where applicable.
Annex B includes principle solutions of bridge layouts. It should be noted that no specific layout presents the
sole solution for proper bridge fulfilling the requirements laid down in this International Standard. This
International Standard is parametric, and different types of ships and operations have different optimum
designs, even though basic safety requirements are equal.
This International Standard is related to the IMO Resolution on ergonomic criteria for bridge equipment and
the general requirements in SOLAS, Chapter V. Based on SOLAS, Chapter IX (ISM-Code), dealing with
casualties attributed to the human element, this International Standard — when conformed with — should
reduce such casualties.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14612:2004(E)
Ships and marine technology — Ship's bridge layout and
associated equipment — Requirements and guidelines for
centralized and integrated bridge functions
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies technical requirements for the enhanced functionality of ship's bridge
layout and design, with the key navigational functions centralized and integrated, for the purpose of securing
safe and efficient operation of the ship, berth–to–berth, regardless of the watchkeeping arrangement in place
at a particular time. The requirements are generally additional to those given in ISO 8468.
Where there are physical limitations in applying this International Standard, i.e. to small ships or ships of
unusual design, the general principles still apply and can be implemented as far as practicable. It is applicable
to seagoing ships where bridge duty is regularly maintained.
NOTE While complying with its requirements, users of this International Standard need also to ensure compliance
with such statutory requirements, rules and regulations as may be applicable to the individual ship concerned.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8468:1990, Ship's bridge layout and associated equipment — Requirements and guidelines
HSC Code 2000, International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviated terms apply.
3.1
abnormal [operating] condition
condition created when internal technical system failures require operation of back-up systems on the bridge
or occur under an irregular operating condition, or when the OOW becomes unfit to perform his duties and has
not yet been replaced by another qualified officer
3.2
additional bridge function
function performed on the bridge, but not related to a primary bridge function
EXAMPLE Extended communication function, monitoring and control of ballasting and cargo operations, monitoring
and control of machinery, monitoring and control of domestic systems, ship management.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
3.3
AIS
automatic ship identification system
3.4
alarm
audio-visual and/or audible signal, indicating an abnormal condition
3.5
alarm transfer system
alarm that is transferred from the bridge to the master and the back-up navigator or any place(s) where
assigned by the system in case of any OOW deficiency
3.6
ARPA
automatic radar plotting aid
3.7
back-up navigator
qualified officer who has been designated by the ship's master to be on call if assistance is needed on the
navigation bridge
3.8
bridge
area from which the navigation and control of the ship is exercised, including the wheelhouse and bridge
wings
[ISO 8468:1990, definition 3.1]
3.9
bridge arrangement
location and interrelation of workstations, instruments and equipment on the bridge
3.10
bridge configuration
shape of the bridge comprising the outer bulkheads and windows of the bridge area
3.11
bridge alarm system
integrated alarm systems comprising watch monitoring, alarm transfer and centralized alarms
3.12
bridge system
total system for the performance of bridge functions, comprising bridge personnel, technical systems, man–
machine interface and procedures
3.13
bridge wing
part of the bridge, on both sides of the ship’s wheelhouse, which, in general, extends to the ship’s side
[ISO 8468:1990, definition 3.2]
3.14
catwalk
extension to a deck outside the wheelhouse wide enough to allow the safe passage of a person
NOTE Adapted from ISO 8468:1990, 3.3.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
3.15
collision avoidance function
detection and plotting of ships and other moving and stationary objects; determination and execution of course
and speed deviations to avoid collision
3.16
commanding view
view without obstructions which would interfere with the navigator’s ability to perform his immediate task
[ISO 8468:1990, definition 3.5]
3.17
communications workstation
workstation for operation and control of equipment for distress, safety and routine communications
NOTE Adapted from ISO 8468:1990, 3.6.
3.18
conning position
conning station
place in the wheelhouse with a commanding view and which is used by navigators when monitoring and
directing the ship’s movements
3.19
display
means by which a device presents visual information to the navigator, including conventional instrumentation
[ISO 8468:1990, definition 3.8]
3.20
docking
manoeuvring of the ship alongside a berth, another ship or other structure and controlling the mooring
operations
3.21
docking workstation
workstation from which the ship can be manoeuvred during docking, lock passage and other manoeuvres
requiring a view of the ship’s side
3.22
electronic navigational chart
ENC
database, standardized as to content, structure and format for use with ECDIS on the authority of government
authorized hydrographic offices
NOTE The ENC contains all the chart information for safe navigation and may contain supplementary information in
addition to that contained in the paper chart (e.g. sailing directions), considered necessary for safe navigation.
3.23
electronic chart display and information system
ECDIS
navigation information system which, with adequate back-up arrangements, can be accepted as complying
with the up-to-date chart required by regulation V/19 of the 2000-12-05 Amendments to SOLAS by displaying
selected information from a system electronic navigational chart (SENC) with positional information from
navigation sensors to assist the mariner in voyage planning and route monitoring, and, if required, additional
navigation-related information
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
3.24
ergonomics
study and design of working environments and their components, work practices, and work procedures for the
benefit of the worker’s productivity, health, comfort and safety
3.25
field of vision
angular size of a scene that can be observed from a position on the ship’s bridge
[ISO 8468:1990, definition 3.10]
3.26
FMEA
failure mode and effects analysis
3.27
GMDSS
global maritime distress and safety system
3.28
helmsman
person who steers the ship underway
[ISO 8468:1990, definition 3.11]
3.29
IMO
International Maritime Organisation
NOTE A specialized agency of the United Nations devoted exclusively to maritime matters.
3.30
irregular [operating] condition
condition causing an excessive operator workload
3.31
lookout
activity carried out by sight and hearing as well as by available means appropriate in the prevailing
circumstances and conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision
3.32
manoeuvring
operation of steering systems and propulsion machinery as required to move the ship in predetermined
directions or into predetermined positions or tracks
3.33
manual steering workstation
workstation from which the ship can be steered by a helmsman
3.34
master
ship's captain and the person in overall charge of the ship
3.35
monitoring
act of periodically checking equipment and environment in order to detect any changes
NOTE Adapted from ISO 8468:1990, 3.12.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
3.36
navigation
process of position-finding as well as planning, recording and controlling the movement of a ship from one
place to another
3.37
voyage-planning workstation
workstation at which the ship’s voyage is planned
3.38
navigator
qualified officer navigating, operating bridge equipment and manoeuvring the ship
NOTE Adapted from ISO 8468:1990, 3.14.
3.39
normal [operating] condition
condition whereby all shipboard systems and equipment related to primary bridge functions operate within
design limits and external conditions, i.e. weather and traffic, or the malfunction of position-fixing systems do
not cause excessive operator workloads
3.40
officer of the watch
OOW
qualified officer responsible for safe navigation, operating of bridge equipment and manoeuvring of the ship
3.41
primary bridge function
function related to the determination, execution and maintenance of safe course, speed or position of the ship
in relation to the waters, traffic or weather conditions
EXAMPLE Voyage planning function, navigation function, collision avoidance function, manoeuvring function,
docking function, monitoring of internal safety systems, external and internal communication related to safety in bridge
operation and distress situations.
3.42
primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring workstation
workstation with commanding view used by navigators when carrying out navigation, traffic surveillance and
manoeuvring functions
3.43
radar plotting
whole process of target detection, tracking, calculation of parameters and display of information
3.44
raster chart display system
RCDS
navigation information system displaying RNCs with positional information from navigation sensors to assist
the mariner in route planning and route monitoring and, if required, display additional navigational-related
information
3.45
raster navigational chart
RNC
facsimile of a paper chart originated by, or distributed on the authority of, a government-authorized
hydrographic office
NOTE For the purposes of this International Standard, RNC is used to mean a single chart or collection of charts.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
3.46
route monitoring
periodic surveillance of the ship’s position, course and speed in relation to a pre-planned route and the
surrounding waters
3.47
safety workstation
workstation at which monitoring displays and operating elements serving safety are concentrated
3.48
screen
device used for presenting visual information based on one or several displays
3.49
seagoing ship
ship designed, equipped and certified to go to sea
NOTE Adapted from ISO 8468:1990, 3.16.
3.50
secondary navigation workstation
back-up workstation for navigation, which may also be used by an assisting navigator when required
3.51
ship management
administrative and miscellaneous activity
3.52
SOLAS
Safety Of Life At Sea
NOTE The international conventions dealing with maritime safety.
3.53
superstructure
decked structure, not including funnels, which is on or above the freeboard deck
[ISO 8468:1990, definition 3.17]
3.54
system electronic navigational chart
SENC
database resulting from the transformation of the ENC by the ECDIS for appropriate use, updates to the ENC
by appropriate means and other data added by the mariner
NOTE It is the database that is actually assessed by the ECDIS for the display generation and other navigational
functions, and is the equivalent to an up-to-date paper chart. The SENC may also contain information from other sources.
3.55
system raster navigational chart
SRNC
database resulting from the transformation of the RNC by the RCDS to include updates to the RNC by
appropriate means
3.56
tracking
process of observing the sequential changes in the position of a target, to establish its motion
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
3.57
track monitoring
observing the placement of own ship with regard to a planned track
3.58
traffic surveillance
observation of traffic of ships of an area for the purpose of determining the position and movements of own
ship in that area
3.59
visibility
fields and/or distance of vision to observe objects
3.60
voyage planning
pre-determination from berth–to–berth of course, turns and speed in relation to the waters to be navigated
3.61
wheelhouse
enclosed area of the bridge
[ISO 8468:1990, definition 3.18]
3.62
workstation
combination of all job-related items, including the console with all devices, equipment and the furniture, to fulfil
certain tasks
NOTE This definition of the term differs from that given in ISO 8468:1990.
4 Bridge configuration
4.1 General
The bridge configuration shall be arranged with special attention to maximizing the field of vision and audibility
of sound signals at all workstations situated at the bridge and used during the watch under normal operating
conditions at sea.
4.2 Field of vision
4.2.1 General requirements
From the primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring workstation it shall be possible to use lights
in line astern of the ship as reference for steering the ship. See Figure 1 and Figure 2.
NOTE This requirement is additional to that given in ISO 8468:1990, 4.1.6.
4.2.2 Guidelines
The horizontal field of vision astern as seen from the primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring
workstation should extend over an arc from dead astern to at least 5° to each side.
Artificial means approved for this purpose may be used to achieve the proper view.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
Key
1 primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring workstation
2 funnel
Figure 1 — Field of vision astern with off-centre funnel
4.2.3 Field of vision from workstations
The primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring workstation shall be arranged to enable efficient
and effective application of the principles of bridge resource management and bridge teamwork procedures
regardless of the watchkeeping arrangement in place at a particular time. All relevant instrumentation and
controls shall be easily visible, audible and accessible.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
Key
1 primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring workstation
2 funnel
Figure 2 — Field of vision astern with off-centre workstation
The field of vision from navigation workstations shall be such as to enable observation of all objects which
may affect the safe conning of the ship. A console, if arranged for a sitting position, shall not obstruct the view
of the sea surface seen over the lower edge of the windows from a sitting position on the primary navigation,
traffic surveillance and manoeuvring workstation within an arc of 10° to port and 112,5° to starboard of the
bow. See Figure 3.
Figure 3 — Primary field of vision from a sitting position
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
4.2.4 Blind sectors
4.2.4.1 Requirements
Blind sectors caused by cargo, cargo gear, divisions between windows and other obstructions shall be
minimized, and shall in no way hamper a safe look-out from the primary navigation, traffic surveillance and
manoeuvring workstation.
NOTE This requirement revises and replaces the requirement given in ISO 8468:1990, 4.1.8.
4.2.4.2 Guidelines
The total arc of blind sectors within the required 225° field of vision (from right ahead to 112½° on each side)
should not exceed 30°. Each individual blind sector should not exceed 10°.
Over an arc from dead ahead to at least 10° on each side, each blind sector should not exceed 5°. The clear
sector between two blind sectors should not be less than the broadest blind sector on either side of the clear
sector.
The front bulkhead windows of enclosed bridge wings and the front bulwark of open bridge wings should be in
a line of sight from the sitting position at the primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring
workstation in order to avoid excessive blind sectors.
4.3 Windows
4.3.1 General requirements
The requirements for windows shall be according to ISO 8468:1990, 4.2.
4.3.2 Sound signal reception
Sound signals that are audible on open deck area shall also be audible inside the wheelhouse.
NOTE This requirement revises and replaces the requirement given in ISO 8468:1990, 4.2.4.
4.3.3 Guidelines
The ship may be fitted with a technical device receiving sound signals outside the wheelhouse and
reproducing such signals inside the wheelhouse after amplification, when the bridge is totally enclosed.
5 Bridge arrangement
5.1 Watchkeeping
The bridge layout and arrangement of equipment shall enable watchkeeping personnel, regardless of the
watchkeeping arrangement in place at a particular time, to have convenient and continuous access to
essential information and to the controls necessary for performing watchkeeping responsibilities and for
maintaining a proper lookout by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the
prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make full appraisal of the situation and the risk of collision,
grounding and hazards to navigation.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
5.2 Dedicated workstations
5.2.1 General requirements
Dedicated workstations, suitable for the safe and efficient performance of primary bridge functions under
normal and abnormal conditions in the various phases of the voyage from berth–to–berth, shall be provided
for the following functions:
a) navigation;
b) traffic surveillance and manoeuvring;
c) voyage planning;
d) manual steering:
1) safety operations,
2) docking operations,
3) conning, and
4) communication.
5.2.2 Primary bridge functions
The primary bridge functions listed in 5.2.1 are to be carried out at the following dedicated workstations:
primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring;
secondary navigation;
manual steering (helmsman);
docking;
voyage planning;
safety;
communications.
One workstation may be adjacent to another. See Figure 4.
5.2.3 Additional functions
Workstations providing additional bridge functionality may also be located on the bridge and may include
extended communication functions,
monitoring and control of ballasting and cargo operations,
monitoring and control of machinery,
monitoring and control of domestic systems, and
ship management.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
Key
1 primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring
2 secondary navigation
3 manual steering (helmsman)
4 docking
5 voyage planning
6 safety
7 communications
Figure 4 — Interrelation of workstations
5.2.4 Primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring workstation
The workstation for performance of primary navigation, traffic surveillance and manoeuvring functions shall be
designed so that all controls and information necessary for safely operating the ship are conveniently and
continuously available to watchkeeping personnel responsible for these functions, regardless of the
watchkeeping arrangement in place at a particular time. As part of this workstation, a separate workstation for
secondary navigation shall be installed sufficiently close by to serve as back-up workstation to allow good co-
operation between two navigators.
These requirement shall be complied with in conjunction with the those of ISO 8468:1990, 5.1.4.
5.2.5 Docking workstation
The workstation for docking operations on the bridge wing shall be located to enable the navigator, together
with a pilot (when present) to observe all relevant external and internal information and control the
manoeuvring of the ship. It shall be possible to observe the distance between the ship’s side and the wharf at
the water surface.
From the workstation for docking operations it shall be possible to communicate with the primary navigation,
traffic surveillance and manoeuvring workstation as well as the steering (helmsman) workstation. If the
workstation for docking operations is installed on open bridge wings, talk-back facilities shall be provided to
enable unhampered communication under all operating conditions.
5.2.6 Communications workstation
The communications workstation shall preferably be located on the starboard side in such a way that the
operator, while operating the equipment, is looking forward.
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ISO 14612:2004(E)
5.2.7 Workstations for additional functions
Workstations for additional bridge functions may be located on the bridge, provided the performance of such
functions does not interfere with the tasks of maintaining safe control of the ship.
5.3 Location of instruments and equipment
5.3.1 Requirements
Each workstation shall be capable of presenting basic information for its assigned function and shall contain
the equipment required for maintaining a saf
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