Health informatics - Personal health device communication - Part 10404: Device specialization - Pulse oximeter

ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth pulse oximeter devices and computer engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play (PnP) interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats and behaviours in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favour of interoperability. ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth pulse oximeters and addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information exchange to and from personal health devices and computer engines.

Informatique de santé — Communication entre dispositifs de santé personnels — Partie 10404: Spécialisation des dispositifs — Oxymètre de pouls

L'ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 établit une définition normative de la communication entre des dispositifs d'oxymètres de pouls personnels de télésanté et des moteurs informatiques (par exemple des téléphones cellulaires, des ordinateurs personnels, des équipements personnels de santé et des boîtiers décodeurs) d'une manière qui permet une interopérabilité du type prêt à l'emploi. Elle s'appuie sur les parties appropriées de normes existantes, y compris la terminologie, des modèles d'informations, des normes de profils d'applications et des normes de transport de l'ISO/IEEE 11073. Elle spécifie l'utilisation de codes, de formats et de comportements en termes spécifiques dans les environnements de télésanté, en limitant les choix à des cadres de travail de base en faveur de l'interopérabilité. Elle définit un noyau commun de fonctionnalités de communication pour les oxymètres de pouls personnels de télésanté. L'ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 répond au besoin d'une norme indépendante définie de manière ouverte portant sur la commande de l'échange d'informations entre des dispositifs personnels de santé et des moteurs informatiques.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
18-Apr-2010
Current Stage
9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
Start Date
15-Dec-2022
Completion Date
30-Oct-2025
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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Health informatics - Personal health device communication - Part 10404: Device specialization - Pulse oximeter". This standard covers: ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth pulse oximeter devices and computer engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play (PnP) interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats and behaviours in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favour of interoperability. ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth pulse oximeters and addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information exchange to and from personal health devices and computer engines.

ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth pulse oximeter devices and computer engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play (PnP) interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats and behaviours in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favour of interoperability. ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth pulse oximeters and addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information exchange to and from personal health devices and computer engines.

ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 35.240.80 - IT applications in health care technology. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ISO 9232:2003, ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2022. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

You can purchase ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEEE
DRAFT
STANDARD FDIS
11073-10404
ISO/TC 215
Health informatics — Personal health
Secretariat: ANSI
device communication —
ISO voting begins on:
2009-10-22
Part 10404:
Device specialization — Pulse oximeter
ISO voting terminates on:
2010-03-22
Informatique de santé — Communication entre dispositifs médicaux sur
le site des soins —
Partie 10404: Spécialisation des disposititfs — Oxymètre de pouls

Please see the administrative notes on page iii
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION and on the inside back cover
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPORT-

ING DOCUMENTATION. SEE ADDITIONAL INFOR-
MATION ABOUT PATENTS ON THE INSIDE BACK
COVER. BECAUSE IT IS AN UNAPPROVED DRAFT,
THIS DOCUMENT SHALL NOT BE USED FOR ANY
CONFORMANCE/COMPLIANCE PURPOSES.
Reference number
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON

OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
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ISO 2009
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
©
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. IEEE 2009

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)
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ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

FAST-TRACK PROCEDURE
This document is submitted under the fast-track procedure in accordance with the Partner
Standards Development Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE, as approved
by Council Resolution 49/2007, and is submitted to all ISO member bodies for voting within
5 months.
Positive votes shall not be accompanied by comments.
Negative votes shall be accompanied by the relevant technical reasons.

In accordance with the provisions of Council Resolution 15/1993, this document is circulated in the
English language only.
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved iii

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

Contents Page
Foreword.vi
Introduction.viii
1. Overview. 1
1.1 Scope. 1
1.2 Purpose. 1
1.3 Context. 2
2. Normative references . 2
3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations. 2
3.1 Definitions. 2
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations. 3
4. Introduction to ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health devices. 3
4.1 General. 3
4.2 Introduction to IEEE 11073-20601 modeling constructs. 4
5. Pulse oximeter device concepts and modalities . 4
5.1 General. 4
5.2 Device types. 5
5.3 General concepts. 5
5.4 Collected data. 6
5.5 Derived data. 8
5.6 Stored data . 8
5.7 Device configurations . 8
6. Pulse oximeter DIM. 9
6.1 Overview. 9
6.2 Class extensions . 9
6.3 Object instance diagram. 9
6.4 Types of configuration . 10
6.5 MDS object . 11
6.6 Numeric objects . 14
6.7 Real-time sample array (RT-SA) objects . 24
6.8 Enumeration objects. 25
6.9 PM-store objects . 29
6.10 Scanner objects . 33
6.11 Class extension objects . 37
6.12 Pulse oximeter information model extensibility rules. 37

iv © IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

7. Pulse oximeter service model . 37
7.1 General. 37
7.2 Object access services. 37
7.3 Object access EVENT REPORT services. 40
8. Pulse oximeter communication model. 41
8.1 Overview. 41
8.2 Communications characteristics. 41
8.3 Association procedure. 42
8.4 Configuring procedure . 43
8.5 Operating procedure. 45
8.6 Time synchronization. 46
9. Test associations . 46
9.1 Behavior with standard configuration . 46
9.2 Behavior with extended configurations. 46
10. Conformance. 46
10.1 Applicability. 46
10.2 Conformance specification. 47
10.3 Levels of conformance. 47
10.4 Implementation conformance statements (ICSs) . 48
Annex A (informative) Bibliography. 52
Annex B (normative) Additional ASN.1 definitions . 53
Annex C (normative) Allocation of identifiers . 55
Annex D (informative) Message sequence examples . 57
Annex E (informative) PDU examples . 59
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved v

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a
subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with
ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards
Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The
IEEE develops its standards through a consensus development process, approved by the
American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied
viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of
the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and
establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not
independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its
standards.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require the use of
subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with
respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. ISO/IEEE is not
responsible for identifying essential patents or patent claims for which a license may be required,
for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of patents or patent claims or determining
whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of
Assurance or a Patent Statement and Licensing Declaration Form, if any, or in any licensing
agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is
entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from ISO or the IEEE
Standards Association.
ISO/IEEE 11073-10404 was prepared by the 11073 Committee of the Engineering in Medicine
and Biology Society of the IEEE (as IEEE Std 11073-10404-2008). It was adopted by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics, in parallel with its approval by the ISO member
bodies, under the “fast-track procedure” defined in the Partner Standards Development
Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE. Both parties are responsible for the
maintenance of this document.
ISO/IEEE 11073 consists of the following parts, under the general title Health informatics —
Personal health device communication (text in parentheses gives a variant of subtitle):
— Part 10101: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Nomenclature
— Part 10201: Domain information model
— Part 10404: Device specialization — Pulse oximeter
— Part 10407: Device specialization — Blood pressure monitor
vi © IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

— Part 10408: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Device specialization —
Thermometer
— Part 10415: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Device specialization — Weighing
scale
— Part 10417: Device specialization — Glucose meter
— Part 10471: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Device specialization —
Independant living activity hub
— Part 20101: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Application profiles — Base
standard
— Part 20601: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Application profile — Optimized
exchange protocol
— Part 30200: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Transport profile — Cable
connected
— Part 30300: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Transport profile — Infrared
wireless
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved vii

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

Introduction
ISO/IEEE 11073 standards enable communication between medical devices and external computer
a
systems. This standard uses the optimized framework created in IEEE Std 11073-20601™-2008 and
describes a specific, interoperable communication approach for pulse oximeters. These standards align
with, and draw upon, the existing clinically focused standards to provide support for communication of data
from clinical or personal health devices.

a
For information on references, see Clause 2.
viii © IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

Health informatics—Personal health device
communication—
Part 10404:
Device specialization—Pulse oximeter
IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or
environmental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the standard are responsible for
determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory
requirements.
This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers.
These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found
under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning
IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at
http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
Within the context of the ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards for device communication, this standard
establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth pulse oximeter devices
and compute engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, set top boxes) in a
manner that enables plug-and-play (PnP) interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing
standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards, and
transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviors in telehealth
environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favor of interoperability. This standard defines a
common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth pulse oximeters.
1.2 Purpose
This standard addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information
exchange to and from personal health devices and compute engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers,
personal health appliances, set top boxes). Interoperability is key to growing the potential market for these
devices and enabling people to be better informed participants in the management of their health.
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

1.3 Context
See IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 for an overview of the environment within which this standard is
written.
This standard, IEEE Std 11073-10404-2008, defines the device specialization for the pulse oximeter, being
a specific agent type, and provides a description of the device concepts, its capabilities, and its
implementation according to this standard.

This standard is based on IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, which in turn draws information from both
ISO/IEEE 11073-10201:2004 [B3] and ISO/IEEE 11073-20101:2004 [B4]. The medical device encoding
rules (MDER) used within this standard are fully described in IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008.

This standard reproduces relevant portions of the nomenclature found in ISO/IEEE 11073-10101:2004 [B2]
and adds new nomenclature codes for the purposes of this standard. Between this standard and
IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, all required nomenclature codes for implementation are documented.
NOTE—In this standard, ISO/IEEE P11073-104zz is used to refer to the collection of device specialization standards
that utilize IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, where zz can be any number from 01 to 99, inclusive.
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must
be understood and used, so that each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this
document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.

IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, Health informatics—Personal health device communication—Part 20601:
Application profile—Optimized Exchange Profile.
See Annex A for all informative material referenced by this standard.
3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary
of IEEE Standards [B1] should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.
3.1.1 agent: A node that collects and transmits personal health data to an associated manager.
3.1.2 class: In object-oriented modeling, a class describes the attributes, methods, and events that objects
instantiated from the class utilize.
3.1.3 compute engine: See: manager.
3.1.4 device: A physical apparatus implementing either an agent or manager role.
3.1.5 handle: An unsigned 16-bit number that is locally unique and identifies one of the object instances
within an agent.
Information on references can be found in Clause 2.
The numbers in brackets correspond to the numbers in the bibliography in Annex A.
Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard.
IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA (http://standards.ieee.org/).
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

3.1.6 manager: A node receiving data from one or more associated agent systems. Examples of managers
include a cellular phone, health appliance, set top box, or a computer system.
3.1.7 obj-handle: See: handle.
3.1.8 object: In object-oriented modeling, a particular instantiation of a class. The instantiation realizes
attributes, methods, and events from the class.
3.1.9 personal health device: A device used in personal health applications.
3.1.10 personal telehealth device: See: personal health device.
3.1.11 plethysmogram, plethysmographic, or photoplethysmographic waveform: Sequence of samples
related to the sequential time-varying light absorption due to effects of pulsatile blood flow.
3.1.12 SpO : Percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin as measured by a pulse oximeter, where this
measurement is an estimate of the fraction of functional haemoglobin (or hemoglobin) in arterial blood that
is saturated with oxygen.
NOTE—For more information about SpO , see ISO 9919 [B6].
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
APDU application protocol data unit
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One
DIM domain information model
ECG electrocardiograph
EUI-64 extended unique identifier (64 bits)
ICS implementation conformance statement
ID identifier
MDC medical device communication
MDER medical device encoding rules
MDS medical device system
MOC managed object class
OID object identifier
PDU protocol data unit
PHD personal health device
PnP plug-and-play
RT-SA real-time sample array
SpO percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin
VMO virtual medical object
VMS virtual medical system
4. Introduction to ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health devices
4.1 General
This standard and the remainder of the series of ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health device standards fit in the
larger context of the ISO/IEEE 11073 series of standards. The full suite of standards enables agents to
interconnect and interoperate with managers and with computerized healthcare information systems. See
IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 for a description of the guiding principles for this series of ISO/IEEE 11073
personal health device standards.

IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 supports the modeling and implementation of an extensive set of personal
health devices. IEEE Std 11073-10404-2008 (this standard) defines aspects of the pulse oximeter device. It
describes all aspects necessary to implement the application layer services and data exchange protocol
between an ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health device pulse oximetry agent and a manager. This standard

© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

defines a subset of the objects and functionality contained in IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, extending and
adding definitions where appropriate. All new definitions are given in Annex B in Abstract Syntax Notation
One (ASN.1). Nomenclature codes referenced in this standard, which are not defined in IEEE Std 11073-
20601-2008, are normatively defined in Annex C.
4.2 Introduction to IEEE 11073-20601 modeling constructs
4.2.1 General
The ISO/IEEE 11073 series of standards, and in particular IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, is based on an
object-oriented systems management paradigm. The overall system model is divided into three principal
components: the domain information model (DIM), the service model, and the communication model. See
IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 for a detailed description of the modeling constructs.
4.2.2 Domain information model (DIM)
The DIM is a hierarchical model that describes an agent as a set of objects. These objects and their
attributes represent the elements that control behavior and report on the status of the agent and data that an
agent can communicate to a manager. Communication between the agent and manager is defined by the
application protocol in IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008.
4.2.3 Service model
The service model defines the conceptual mechanisms for the data exchange services. Such services are
mapped to messages that are exchanged between the agent and manager. Protocol messages within the
ISO/IEEE 11073 series of standards are defined in ASN.1. The messages defined in IEEE Std 11073-
20601-2008 can coexist with messages defined in other standard application profiles defined in the
ISO/IEEE 11073 series of standards.
4.2.4 Communication model
In general, the communication model supports the topology of one or more agents communicating over
logical point-to-point connections to a single manager. For each logical point-to-point connection, the
dynamic system behavior is defined by a connection state machine as specified in IEEE Std 11073-20601-
2008.
4.2.5 Implementing the models
An agent implementing this standard shall implement all mandatory elements of the information, service,
and communication models as well as all conditional elements where the condition is met. The agent should
implement the recommended elements, and it may implement any combination of the optional elements. A
manager implementing this standard shall utilize at least one of the mandatory, conditional, recommended,
or optional elements. In this context, “utilize” means to use the element as part of the primary function of
the manager device. For example, a manager whose primary function is to display data would need to
display a piece of data in the element in order to utilize it.
5. Pulse oximeter device concepts and modalities
5.1 General
This clause presents the general concepts of pulse oximeter equipment. In the context of personal health
devices in the ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards, a pulse oximeter, also called an oximeter, provides a
noninvasive estimate of functional oxygen of arterial haemoglobin (SpO ) from a light signal interacting
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

with tissue, by using the time-dependent changes in tissue optical properties that occur with pulsatile blood
flow (see Draft Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff [B5]). Applying the Beer-Lambert law of light
absorption through such an arterial network, the fraction of oxygenation of arterial haemoglobin can be
estimated. This estimate, normally expressed as a percentage by multiplying that fraction by 100, is known
as SpO . Occasionally, this estimate may be referenced as %SpO . ISO 9919 [B6] contains additional
2 2
information applicable to pulse oximetry.
5.2 Device types
Pulse oximeter systems with applicability in the personal health space may take on a variety of
configurations and sensor compositions, and their configurations have suitability in different personal
health application spaces. Pulse oximeter equipment comprises a pulse oximeter monitor, a pulse oximeter
probe, and a probe cable extender, if provided. Some oximeters are all-in-one assemblies, where the optical
probe, processing, and display components are in a single package. Other oximeters may consist of separate
sensor and processing/display components. Still others may place the sensor and signal processing in one
component, and send that information into an external component for display and storage. In addition, other
configurations may add storage capability into the system. This implies that different information models
may be best suited for each particular device configuration.
5.3 General concepts
5.3.1 Noninvasive measurement
The scope of this specialization covers the intended use of pulse oximeter equipment, which includes, but is
not limited to, the estimation of arterial oxygen haemoglobin saturation and pulse rate. This standard is not
applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended for use in laboratory research applications or to oximeters
that require a blood sample (see ISO 9919 [B6]). This standard does not cover measurement of oxygenation
via blood extraction. This standard is not applicable to pulse oximeter equipment solely intended for foetal
use.
The sensing mechanism may use either transmissive or reflective methods to measure blood oxygenation.
In addition, blood oxygenation is usually determined as a ratio of the absorbance of two different
wavelengths of light, although more wavelengths may be used.
5.3.2 Acquisition modes
5.3.2.1 General
Pulse oximeters are used to measure SpO within a variety of use scenarios.
5.3.2.2 Spot-check
In a spot-check scenario, a user may simply want to take a single, fully processed reading for transmission
to a manager. For example, the user would attach the oximeter, whereupon the agent would take an
oximetry and pulse rate reading. The agent would then begin communication with a manager and send that
single reading. The manager may acknowledge the transmission so the agent can subsequently disassociate
and return to its prior state.
5.3.2.3 Continuous monitoring
A continuous monitoring situation involves the pulse oximeter device measuring the user’s oxygenation for
some period of time greater than that needed to acquire a single measurement. Multiple measurements may
be taken to acquire trending information.
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

5.3.2.4 Stored-and-forwarded measurements
Stored-and-forwarded measurements could be considered as a specialized, continuous monitoring
application where the pulse oximetry device is not always in communication with a manager, and the
oximeter records data over several minutes or hours. In this case, oximetry data are stored in the device for
the duration of the study session and subsequently transferred to the manager at an appropriate time. This
measurement communication style is distinct from the situation where temporarily stored measurements are
transferred when the communication link is restored.
5.4 Collected data
5.4.1 General
This subclause describes the nature of the data that have been collected based on the acquisition modes
described in 5.3.2.
5.4.2 Percentage of arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation
5.4.2.1 SpO
Every oximeter sends at least one expression of SpO . This is the primary measurement of a pulse oximeter.
It is important to note that this measurement is determined through various signal processing techniques
and can be expressed in different ways. Each method and expression has its applicability in particular
application spaces (e.g., vital signs monitoring and diagnostic sleep studies). Often the reported SpO has
been processed with a variety of techniques in order to present the data for use in a number of ways.

In response to the various physiological phenomena and situations, SpO measurements may be expressed
in a variety of ways. Additional modalities for expressing SpO are often used that are better suited to
expose or suppress various physiological or environmental phenomena, as seen in 5.4.2.2. The following
subclause outlines three expressions of SpO that may be used by a device manufacturer to convey blood
oxygenation level.
It is also conceivable that pulse oximeter equipment may deliver a single SpO that is determined by one of
these modalities. Furthermore, several of these distinct expressions may be transmitted concurrently during
a measurement session. The manager, upon receiving this collection of information, may choose to display
another subset of these expressions. It is required for a pulse oximeter agent to support at least one instance
of this measurement.
5.4.2.2 Alternative expressions of SpO
One case of SpO measurement involves a user wearing a sensor during unintentional or moderate activity.
The result of this activity may be intermittent loss of signal acquisition. The most common expression of
SpO may be too sensitive to these effects and could result in a fluctuating (and, therefore, misleading)
reading. An SpO measurement modality known as “slow-response” modality has a characteristic that
“smoothes out” a series of measurements in some fashion, perhaps by changing an averaging parameter or
by employing a different algorithm. This modality is defined in this standard.

During a sleep study, an apnea event results in a rapid desaturation of blood oxygenation. This SpO
measurement can be expressed by a “fast-response” modality that uses a technique that more effectively
captures such events. The technique may vary among device manufacturers, but a distinct expression able
to capture these rapid changes is defined in this standard.

© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

The terms slow-response and fast-response are relative to a particular implementation and are not intended
to show a comparison across devices or vendors. Note that these are descriptive terms intentionally left
unspecific to allow more flexible interpretations within a particular implementation.

A pulse oximeter will often send SpO measurements periodically; e.g., once every second. In addition,
pulse oximeters may begin outputting measurements as soon as it has a reasonable estimate of functional
haemoglobin oxygenation. Subsequent measurements may, in some fashion, converge on the oximeter’s
best estimate. An additional modality, the “spot-check” modality, fulfills the desire to be able to perform
and display a single SpO measurement that is also its best estimate of functional haemoglobin oxygenation.
In other words, a spot-check is not simply the first measurement, but the first best measurement. The
specific manner in which this measurement is produced is specific to the pulse oximeter implementation.
Once that measurement is transmitted, the measurement session is complete.
5.4.3 Pulse rate
The heart rate measured by a pulse oximeter is produced by a heartbeat, but also requires ejection of blood
by the heart and generation of an arterial and tissue pressure wave that is detectable by
photoplethysmographic means. Therefore, the pulse rate may be a less reliable measure of heart rate than
that of directly measuring by electrocardiograph (ECG). As described in 5.4.2.1 and 5.4.2.2, the reported
value or values may be determined in a variety of ways, and corresponding modalities of “slow-response,”
“fast-response,” and “spot-check” are defined for pulse rate measurements. It is required for a pulse
oximeter agent to support at least one instance of this feature.
5.4.4 Pulsatile occurrence
If a precisely timestamped occurrence of a pulse is transmitted to a manager, that information can be used
in conjunction with other reported physiological events to derive another physiological measurement. Other
application spaces may wish to indicate pulsatile occurrence with less precision for purposes of displaying,
for instance, a flashing heart icon. It is not required for a pulse oximeter agent to support this feature.
5.4.5 Plethysmogram
There are applications where it is desired to visualize the sequence of samples related to the time-varying
light absorption due to the effects of pulsatile blood flow. Often these samples are taken from a single
wavelength light source, usually the wavelength less affected by changes in oxygen saturation. It is not
required for a pulse oximeter agent to support this feature.
5.4.6 Pulsatile quality and signal characterization
Pulse oximeter manufacturers have many ways to characterize the quality of the pulsatile wave.
Unfortunately, no industry-wide standard currently exists to quantify the characteristics of the signal.
However, signal amplitude metrics among the different vendors provide quantities that can be found to
have a linear relationship. One notable characteristic is the amplitude of the signal modulation. Other
methods to characterize the quality of the pulsatile wave may be employed. It is not required for a pulse
oximeter to support this feature.
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

5.5 Derived data
5.5.1 Limit indications
Pulse oximeters may implement indicators based on monitoring physiological values as falling outside
predefined limits. The commonly implemented indicators include reaching the thresholds of a high or low
SpO , or reaching the thresholds of a high or low pulse rate.
5.5.2 Pulsatile status
Pulse oximeters may provide status indications of certain characteristics of a pulsatile wave or irregularities
in the waveform.
5.5.3 Device and sensor status
Pulse oximeters may provide status indications pertaining to sensor malfunction or dislodgement as well as
various signal anomalies.
5.6 Stored data
As stated in 5.3.2.4, a pulse oximeter may be used over one or more sessions of several hours without being
in contact with a manager to send its data. After the session or sessions are completed, the pulse oximeter
agent connects to a manager. The manager is able to select which of the agent’s stored sessions to retrieve.
The agent then transmits the manager’s selection in one or several blocks of messages for processing by a
manager or other processing apparatus. The manager is also able to choose a set of sessions for deletion.
5.7 Device configurations
Although agents typically have a static configuration, it is permissible and desirable for an agent to support
multiple configurations, one of which would be active at any given time. Pulse oximeters may have a rich
set of features that can be combined into a collection of different configurations, one of which can be
selected by the manager during configuration.

Two general categories of configurations exist. The first category is known as the set of standard
configurations. These are intended to describe a relatively limited feature set of a single device
specialization, which have predefined configuration ID codes. Managers may be pre-loaded with these
configurations, in which case the configuration process is eliminated and immediate operation is allowed.
The second category involves the set of extended configurations. These configurations are more flexible in
that they may include concepts particular to one or more device specializations or include other features as
defined in this standard.
© IEEE 2009 – All rights reserved

ISO/IEEE FDIS 11073-10404:2009(E)

6. Pulse oximeter DIM
6.1 Overview
This clause describes the DIM of the pulse oximeter.
6.2 Class extensions
In this standard, the SpO and pulse rate numeric objects are extended with respect to IEEE Std 11073-
20601-2008 to support threshold capabilities (see 6.6.2.1.1 and 6.6.3.1.1).
6.3 Object instance diagram
The object instance diagram of the pulse oximeter DIM’s numeric objects, defined for the purposes of this
standard, is shown in Figure 1.

The objects of the DIM, as shown in Figure 1, are described in the following subclauses: medical device
system (MDS) object (see 6.5), the numeric objects (see 6.6), the real-time sample array (RT-SA) objects
(see 6.7), and the enumeration objects (see 6.8). Figure 2 illustrates the PM-store objects (see 6.9), and the
scanner objects (see 6.10) are shown in Figure 4. See 6.11 for rules for extending the pulse oximeter
information model beyond elements as described in this standard. Each subclause that describes an object
of the pulse oximeter contains the following information:

⎯ The nomenclature code used to identify the class of the object. One example where this code is used is
the configuration event, where the object class is reported for each object. This allows the manager to
determine whether the class of the object being specified is a numeric, RT-SA, enumeration, scanner,
or PM-store class.
⎯ The attributes of the object. Each object has attributes that represent and convey information on the
physical device and its data sources. Each object has a Handle attribute that identifies the object
instance within an agent. Attribute values are accessed and modified using methods such as GET and
SET. Attribute types are defined using ASN.1. The ASN.1 definitions for new attribute typ
...


INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEEE
STANDARD 11073-10404
First edition
2010-05-01
Health informatics — Personal health
device communication —
Part 10404:
Device specialization — Pulse oximeter
Informatique de santé — Communication entre dispositifs de santé
personnels —
Partie 10404: Spécialisation des disposititfs — Oxymètre de pouls

Reference number
©
ISO 2010
©
IEEE 2010
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ii © IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction.vii
1. Overview. 1
1.1 Scope. 1
1.2 Purpose. 1
1.3 Context. 2
2. Normative references . 2
3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations. 2
3.1 Definitions. 2
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations. 3
4. Introduction to ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health devices. 3
4.1 General. 3
4.2 Introduction to IEEE 11073-20601 modeling constructs. 4
5. Pulse oximeter device concepts and modalities . 4
5.1 General. 4
5.2 Device types. 5
5.3 General concepts. 5
5.4 Collected data. 6
5.5 Derived data. 8
5.6 Stored data . 8
5.7 Device configurations . 8
6. Pulse oximeter DIM. 9
6.1 Overview. 9
6.2 Class extensions . 9
6.3 Object instance diagram. 9
6.4 Types of configuration . 10
6.5 MDS object . 11
6.6 Numeric objects . 14
6.7 Real-time sample array (RT-SA) objects . 24
6.8 Enumeration objects. 25
6.9 PM-store objects . 29
6.10 Scanner objects . 33
6.11 Class extension objects . 37
6.12 Pulse oximeter information model extensibility rules. 37

© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved iii

7. Pulse oximeter service model . 37
7.1 General. 37
7.2 Object access services. 37
7.3 Object access EVENT REPORT services. 40
8. Pulse oximeter communication model. 41
8.1 Overview. 41
8.2 Communications characteristics. 41
8.3 Association procedure. 42
8.4 Configuring procedure . 43
8.5 Operating procedure. 45
8.6 Time synchronization. 46
9. Test associations . 46
9.1 Behavior with standard configuration . 46
9.2 Behavior with extended configurations. 46
10. Conformance. 46
10.1 Applicability. 46
10.2 Conformance specification. 47
10.3 Levels of conformance. 47
10.4 Implementation conformance statements (ICSs) . 48
Annex A (informative) Bibliography. 52
Annex B (normative) Additional ASN.1 definitions . 53
Annex C (normative) Allocation of identifiers . 55
Annex D (informative) Message sequence examples . 57
Annex E (informative) PDU examples . 59
iv © IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national
standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is
normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a
subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with
ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards
Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. The
IEEE develops its standards through a consensus development process, approved by the
American National Standards Institute, which brings together volunteers representing varied
viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. Volunteers are not necessarily members of
the Institute and serve without compensation. While the IEEE administers the process and
establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, the IEEE does not
independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information contained in its
standards.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require the use of
subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken with
respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. ISO/IEEE is not
responsible for identifying essential patents or patent claims for which a license may be required,
for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of patents or patent claims or determining
whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of
Assurance or a Patent Statement and Licensing Declaration Form, if any, or in any licensing
agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that
determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is
entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from ISO or the IEEE
Standards Association.
ISO/IEEE 11073-10404 was prepared by the 11073 Committee of the Engineering in Medicine
and Biology Society of the IEEE (as IEEE Std 11073-10404-2008). It was adopted by Technical
Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics, in parallel with its approval by the ISO member
bodies, under the “fast-track procedure” defined in the Partner Standards Development
Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE. Both parties are responsible for the
maintenance of this document.
ISO/IEEE 11073 consists of the following parts, under the general title Health informatics —
Personal health device communication (text in parentheses gives a variant of subtitle):
— Part 10101: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Nomenclature
— Part 10201: Domain information model
— Part 10404: Device specialization — Pulse oximeter
— Part 10407: Device specialization — Blood pressure monitor
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved v

— Part 10408: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Device specialization —
Thermometer
— Part 10415: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Device specialization — Weighing
scale
— Part 10417: Device specialization — Glucose meter
— Part 10471: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Device specialization —
Independant living activity hub
— Part 20101: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Application profiles — Base
standard
— Part 20601: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Application profile — Optimized
exchange protocol
— Part 30200: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Transport profile — Cable
connected
— Part 30300: (Point-of-care medical device communication) Transport profile — Infrared
wireless
vi © IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

Introduction
ISO/IEEE 11073 standards enable communication between medical devices and external computer
a
systems. This standard uses the optimized framework created in IEEE Std 11073-20601™-2008 and
describes a specific, interoperable communication approach for pulse oximeters. These standards align
with, and draw upon, the existing clinically focused standards to provide support for communication of data
from clinical or personal health devices.

a
For information on references, see Clause 2.
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved vii

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010(E)

Health informatics—Personal health device
communication—
Part 10404:
Device specialization—Pulse oximeter
IMPORTANT NOTICE: This standard is not intended to ensure safety, security, health, or
environmental protection in all circumstances. Implementers of the standard are responsible for
determining appropriate safety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory
requirements.
This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers.
These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found
under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning
IEEE Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at
http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
Within the context of the ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards for device communication, this standard
establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth pulse oximeter devices
and compute engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, set top boxes) in a
manner that enables plug-and-play (PnP) interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing
standards including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards, and
transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviors in telehealth
environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favor of interoperability. This standard defines a
common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth pulse oximeters.
1.2 Purpose
This standard addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information
exchange to and from personal health devices and compute engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers,
personal health appliances, set top boxes). Interoperability is key to growing the potential market for these
devices and enabling people to be better informed participants in the management of their health.
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

1.3 Context
See IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 for an overview of the environment within which this standard is
written.
This standard, IEEE Std 11073-10404-2008, defines the device specialization for the pulse oximeter, being
a specific agent type, and provides a description of the device concepts, its capabilities, and its
implementation according to this standard.

This standard is based on IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, which in turn draws information from both
ISO/IEEE 11073-10201:2004 [B3] and ISO/IEEE 11073-20101:2004 [B4]. The medical device encoding
rules (MDER) used within this standard are fully described in IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008.

This standard reproduces relevant portions of the nomenclature found in ISO/IEEE 11073-10101:2004 [B2]
and adds new nomenclature codes for the purposes of this standard. Between this standard and
IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, all required nomenclature codes for implementation are documented.
NOTE—In this standard, ISO/IEEE P11073-104zz is used to refer to the collection of device specialization standards
that utilize IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, where zz can be any number from 01 to 99, inclusive.
2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must
be understood and used, so that each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this
document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies.

IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, Health informatics—Personal health device communication—Part 20601:
Application profile—Optimized Exchange Profile.
See Annex A for all informative material referenced by this standard.
3. Definitions, acronyms, and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. The Authoritative Dictionary
of IEEE Standards [B1] should be referenced for terms not defined in this clause.
3.1.1 agent: A node that collects and transmits personal health data to an associated manager.
3.1.2 class: In object-oriented modeling, a class describes the attributes, methods, and events that objects
instantiated from the class utilize.
3.1.3 compute engine: See: manager.
3.1.4 device: A physical apparatus implementing either an agent or manager role.
3.1.5 handle: An unsigned 16-bit number that is locally unique and identifies one of the object instances
within an agent.
Information on references can be found in Clause 2.
The numbers in brackets correspond to the numbers in the bibliography in Annex A.
Notes in text, tables, and figures are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement the standard.
IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854,
USA (http://standards.ieee.org/).
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

3.1.6 manager: A node receiving data from one or more associated agent systems. Examples of managers
include a cellular phone, health appliance, set top box, or a computer system.
3.1.7 obj-handle: See: handle.
3.1.8 object: In object-oriented modeling, a particular instantiation of a class. The instantiation realizes
attributes, methods, and events from the class.
3.1.9 personal health device: A device used in personal health applications.
3.1.10 personal telehealth device: See: personal health device.
3.1.11 plethysmogram, plethysmographic, or photoplethysmographic waveform: Sequence of samples
related to the sequential time-varying light absorption due to effects of pulsatile blood flow.
3.1.12 SpO : Percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin as measured by a pulse oximeter, where this
measurement is an estimate of the fraction of functional haemoglobin (or hemoglobin) in arterial blood that
is saturated with oxygen.
NOTE—For more information about SpO , see ISO 9919 [B6].
3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations
APDU application protocol data unit
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One
DIM domain information model
ECG electrocardiograph
EUI-64 extended unique identifier (64 bits)
ICS implementation conformance statement
ID identifier
MDC medical device communication
MDER medical device encoding rules
MDS medical device system
MOC managed object class
OID object identifier
PDU protocol data unit
PHD personal health device
PnP plug-and-play
RT-SA real-time sample array
SpO percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin
VMO virtual medical object
VMS virtual medical system
4. Introduction to ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health devices
4.1 General
This standard and the remainder of the series of ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health device standards fit in the
larger context of the ISO/IEEE 11073 series of standards. The full suite of standards enables agents to
interconnect and interoperate with managers and with computerized healthcare information systems. See
IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 for a description of the guiding principles for this series of ISO/IEEE 11073
personal health device standards.

IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 supports the modeling and implementation of an extensive set of personal
health devices. IEEE Std 11073-10404-2008 (this standard) defines aspects of the pulse oximeter device. It
describes all aspects necessary to implement the application layer services and data exchange protocol
between an ISO/IEEE 11073 personal health device pulse oximetry agent and a manager. This standard

© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

defines a subset of the objects and functionality contained in IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, extending and
adding definitions where appropriate. All new definitions are given in Annex B in Abstract Syntax Notation
One (ASN.1). Nomenclature codes referenced in this standard, which are not defined in IEEE Std 11073-
20601-2008, are normatively defined in Annex C.
4.2 Introduction to IEEE 11073-20601 modeling constructs
4.2.1 General
The ISO/IEEE 11073 series of standards, and in particular IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, is based on an
object-oriented systems management paradigm. The overall system model is divided into three principal
components: the domain information model (DIM), the service model, and the communication model. See
IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 for a detailed description of the modeling constructs.
4.2.2 Domain information model (DIM)
The DIM is a hierarchical model that describes an agent as a set of objects. These objects and their
attributes represent the elements that control behavior and report on the status of the agent and data that an
agent can communicate to a manager. Communication between the agent and manager is defined by the
application protocol in IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008.
4.2.3 Service model
The service model defines the conceptual mechanisms for the data exchange services. Such services are
mapped to messages that are exchanged between the agent and manager. Protocol messages within the
ISO/IEEE 11073 series of standards are defined in ASN.1. The messages defined in IEEE Std 11073-
20601-2008 can coexist with messages defined in other standard application profiles defined in the
ISO/IEEE 11073 series of standards.
4.2.4 Communication model
In general, the communication model supports the topology of one or more agents communicating over
logical point-to-point connections to a single manager. For each logical point-to-point connection, the
dynamic system behavior is defined by a connection state machine as specified in IEEE Std 11073-20601-
2008.
4.2.5 Implementing the models
An agent implementing this standard shall implement all mandatory elements of the information, service,
and communication models as well as all conditional elements where the condition is met. The agent should
implement the recommended elements, and it may implement any combination of the optional elements. A
manager implementing this standard shall utilize at least one of the mandatory, conditional, recommended,
or optional elements. In this context, “utilize” means to use the element as part of the primary function of
the manager device. For example, a manager whose primary function is to display data would need to
display a piece of data in the element in order to utilize it.
5. Pulse oximeter device concepts and modalities
5.1 General
This clause presents the general concepts of pulse oximeter equipment. In the context of personal health
devices in the ISO/IEEE 11073 family of standards, a pulse oximeter, also called an oximeter, provides a
noninvasive estimate of functional oxygen of arterial haemoglobin (SpO ) from a light signal interacting
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

with tissue, by using the time-dependent changes in tissue optical properties that occur with pulsatile blood
flow (see Draft Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff [B5]). Applying the Beer-Lambert law of light
absorption through such an arterial network, the fraction of oxygenation of arterial haemoglobin can be
estimated. This estimate, normally expressed as a percentage by multiplying that fraction by 100, is known
as SpO . Occasionally, this estimate may be referenced as %SpO . ISO 9919 [B6] contains additional
2 2
information applicable to pulse oximetry.
5.2 Device types
Pulse oximeter systems with applicability in the personal health space may take on a variety of
configurations and sensor compositions, and their configurations have suitability in different personal
health application spaces. Pulse oximeter equipment comprises a pulse oximeter monitor, a pulse oximeter
probe, and a probe cable extender, if provided. Some oximeters are all-in-one assemblies, where the optical
probe, processing, and display components are in a single package. Other oximeters may consist of separate
sensor and processing/display components. Still others may place the sensor and signal processing in one
component, and send that information into an external component for display and storage. In addition, other
configurations may add storage capability into the system. This implies that different information models
may be best suited for each particular device configuration.
5.3 General concepts
5.3.1 Noninvasive measurement
The scope of this specialization covers the intended use of pulse oximeter equipment, which includes, but is
not limited to, the estimation of arterial oxygen haemoglobin saturation and pulse rate. This standard is not
applicable to pulse oximeter equipment intended for use in laboratory research applications or to oximeters
that require a blood sample (see ISO 9919 [B6]). This standard does not cover measurement of oxygenation
via blood extraction. This standard is not applicable to pulse oximeter equipment solely intended for foetal
use.
The sensing mechanism may use either transmissive or reflective methods to measure blood oxygenation.
In addition, blood oxygenation is usually determined as a ratio of the absorbance of two different
wavelengths of light, although more wavelengths may be used.
5.3.2 Acquisition modes
5.3.2.1 General
Pulse oximeters are used to measure SpO within a variety of use scenarios.
5.3.2.2 Spot-check
In a spot-check scenario, a user may simply want to take a single, fully processed reading for transmission
to a manager. For example, the user would attach the oximeter, whereupon the agent would take an
oximetry and pulse rate reading. The agent would then begin communication with a manager and send that
single reading. The manager may acknowledge the transmission so the agent can subsequently disassociate
and return to its prior state.
5.3.2.3 Continuous monitoring
A continuous monitoring situation involves the pulse oximeter device measuring the user’s oxygenation for
some period of time greater than that needed to acquire a single measurement. Multiple measurements may
be taken to acquire trending information.
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

5.3.2.4 Stored-and-forwarded measurements
Stored-and-forwarded measurements could be considered as a specialized, continuous monitoring
application where the pulse oximetry device is not always in communication with a manager, and the
oximeter records data over several minutes or hours. In this case, oximetry data are stored in the device for
the duration of the study session and subsequently transferred to the manager at an appropriate time. This
measurement communication style is distinct from the situation where temporarily stored measurements are
transferred when the communication link is restored.
5.4 Collected data
5.4.1 General
This subclause describes the nature of the data that have been collected based on the acquisition modes
described in 5.3.2.
5.4.2 Percentage of arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation
5.4.2.1 SpO
Every oximeter sends at least one expression of SpO . This is the primary measurement of a pulse oximeter.
It is important to note that this measurement is determined through various signal processing techniques
and can be expressed in different ways. Each method and expression has its applicability in particular
application spaces (e.g., vital signs monitoring and diagnostic sleep studies). Often the reported SpO has
been processed with a variety of techniques in order to present the data for use in a number of ways.

In response to the various physiological phenomena and situations, SpO measurements may be expressed
in a variety of ways. Additional modalities for expressing SpO are often used that are better suited to
expose or suppress various physiological or environmental phenomena, as seen in 5.4.2.2. The following
subclause outlines three expressions of SpO that may be used by a device manufacturer to convey blood
oxygenation level.
It is also conceivable that pulse oximeter equipment may deliver a single SpO that is determined by one of
these modalities. Furthermore, several of these distinct expressions may be transmitted concurrently during
a measurement session. The manager, upon receiving this collection of information, may choose to display
another subset of these expressions. It is required for a pulse oximeter agent to support at least one instance
of this measurement.
5.4.2.2 Alternative expressions of SpO
One case of SpO measurement involves a user wearing a sensor during unintentional or moderate activity.
The result of this activity may be intermittent loss of signal acquisition. The most common expression of
SpO may be too sensitive to these effects and could result in a fluctuating (and, therefore, misleading)
reading. An SpO measurement modality known as “slow-response” modality has a characteristic that
“smoothes out” a series of measurements in some fashion, perhaps by changing an averaging parameter or
by employing a different algorithm. This modality is defined in this standard.

During a sleep study, an apnea event results in a rapid desaturation of blood oxygenation. This SpO
measurement can be expressed by a “fast-response” modality that uses a technique that more effectively
captures such events. The technique may vary among device manufacturers, but a distinct expression able
to capture these rapid changes is defined in this standard.

© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

The terms slow-response and fast-response are relative to a particular implementation and are not intended
to show a comparison across devices or vendors. Note that these are descriptive terms intentionally left
unspecific to allow more flexible interpretations within a particular implementation.

A pulse oximeter will often send SpO measurements periodically; e.g., once every second. In addition,
pulse oximeters may begin outputting measurements as soon as it has a reasonable estimate of functional
haemoglobin oxygenation. Subsequent measurements may, in some fashion, converge on the oximeter’s
best estimate. An additional modality, the “spot-check” modality, fulfills the desire to be able to perform
and display a single SpO measurement that is also its best estimate of functional haemoglobin oxygenation.
In other words, a spot-check is not simply the first measurement, but the first best measurement. The
specific manner in which this measurement is produced is specific to the pulse oximeter implementation.
Once that measurement is transmitted, the measurement session is complete.
5.4.3 Pulse rate
The heart rate measured by a pulse oximeter is produced by a heartbeat, but also requires ejection of blood
by the heart and generation of an arterial and tissue pressure wave that is detectable by
photoplethysmographic means. Therefore, the pulse rate may be a less reliable measure of heart rate than
that of directly measuring by electrocardiograph (ECG). As described in 5.4.2.1 and 5.4.2.2, the reported
value or values may be determined in a variety of ways, and corresponding modalities of “slow-response,”
“fast-response,” and “spot-check” are defined for pulse rate measurements. It is required for a pulse
oximeter agent to support at least one instance of this feature.
5.4.4 Pulsatile occurrence
If a precisely timestamped occurrence of a pulse is transmitted to a manager, that information can be used
in conjunction with other reported physiological events to derive another physiological measurement. Other
application spaces may wish to indicate pulsatile occurrence with less precision for purposes of displaying,
for instance, a flashing heart icon. It is not required for a pulse oximeter agent to support this feature.
5.4.5 Plethysmogram
There are applications where it is desired to visualize the sequence of samples related to the time-varying
light absorption due to the effects of pulsatile blood flow. Often these samples are taken from a single
wavelength light source, usually the wavelength less affected by changes in oxygen saturation. It is not
required for a pulse oximeter agent to support this feature.
5.4.6 Pulsatile quality and signal characterization
Pulse oximeter manufacturers have many ways to characterize the quality of the pulsatile wave.
Unfortunately, no industry-wide standard currently exists to quantify the characteristics of the signal.
However, signal amplitude metrics among the different vendors provide quantities that can be found to
have a linear relationship. One notable characteristic is the amplitude of the signal modulation. Other
methods to characterize the quality of the pulsatile wave may be employed. It is not required for a pulse
oximeter to support this feature.
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

5.5 Derived data
5.5.1 Limit indications
Pulse oximeters may implement indicators based on monitoring physiological values as falling outside
predefined limits. The commonly implemented indicators include reaching the thresholds of a high or low
SpO , or reaching the thresholds of a high or low pulse rate.
5.5.2 Pulsatile status
Pulse oximeters may provide status indications of certain characteristics of a pulsatile wave or irregularities
in the waveform.
5.5.3 Device and sensor status
Pulse oximeters may provide status indications pertaining to sensor malfunction or dislodgement as well as
various signal anomalies.
5.6 Stored data
As stated in 5.3.2.4, a pulse oximeter may be used over one or more sessions of several hours without being
in contact with a manager to send its data. After the session or sessions are completed, the pulse oximeter
agent connects to a manager. The manager is able to select which of the agent’s stored sessions to retrieve.
The agent then transmits the manager’s selection in one or several blocks of messages for processing by a
manager or other processing apparatus. The manager is also able to choose a set of sessions for deletion.
5.7 Device configurations
Although agents typically have a static configuration, it is permissible and desirable for an agent to support
multiple configurations, one of which would be active at any given time. Pulse oximeters may have a rich
set of features that can be combined into a collection of different configurations, one of which can be
selected by the manager during configuration.

Two general categories of configurations exist. The first category is known as the set of standard
configurations. These are intended to describe a relatively limited feature set of a single device
specialization, which have predefined configuration ID codes. Managers may be pre-loaded with these
configurations, in which case the configuration process is eliminated and immediate operation is allowed.
The second category involves the set of extended configurations. These configurations are more flexible in
that they may include concepts particular to one or more device specializations or include other features as
defined in this standard.
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

6. Pulse oximeter DIM
6.1 Overview
This clause describes the DIM of the pulse oximeter.
6.2 Class extensions
In this standard, the SpO and pulse rate numeric objects are extended with respect to IEEE Std 11073-
20601-2008 to support threshold capabilities (see 6.6.2.1.1 and 6.6.3.1.1).
6.3 Object instance diagram
The object instance diagram of the pulse oximeter DIM’s numeric objects, defined for the purposes of this
standard, is shown in Figure 1.

The objects of the DIM, as shown in Figure 1, are described in the following subclauses: medical device
system (MDS) object (see 6.5), the numeric objects (see 6.6), the real-time sample array (RT-SA) objects
(see 6.7), and the enumeration objects (see 6.8). Figure 2 illustrates the PM-store objects (see 6.9), and the
scanner objects (see 6.10) are shown in Figure 4. See 6.11 for rules for extending the pulse oximeter
information model beyond elements as described in this standard. Each subclause that describes an object
of the pulse oximeter contains the following information:

⎯ The nomenclature code used to identify the class of the object. One example where this code is used is
the configuration event, where the object class is reported for each object. This allows the manager to
determine whether the class of the object being specified is a numeric, RT-SA, enumeration, scanner,
or PM-store class.
⎯ The attributes of the object. Each object has attributes that represent and convey information on the
physical device and its data sources. Each object has a Handle attribute that identifies the object
instance within an agent. Attribute values are accessed and modified using methods such as GET and
SET. Attribute types are defined using ASN.1. The ASN.1 definitions for new attribute types specific
to this standard are in Annex B, and the ASN.1 definitions for existing attribute types referenced in this
standard are in IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008.
⎯ The methods available on the object.
⎯ The potential events generated by the object. Data are sent to the manager using events.
⎯ The available services such as getting or setting attributes.

The attributes for each class are defined in tables that specify the name of the attribute, its value, and its
qualifier. The qualifiers mean M – Attribute is Mandatory, C – Attribute is Conditional and depends on the
condition stated in the Remark or Value column (if IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008 is referenced, then it
contains the conditions), R – Attribute is Recommended, O – Attribute is Optional, NR – Attribute is Not
Recommended. Mandatory attributes shall be implemented by an agent. Conditional attributes shall be
implemented if the condition applies and may be implemented otherwise. Recommended attributes should
be implemented by the agent. Optional attributes may be implemented on an agent. Not recommended
attributes should not be implemented by the agent.

The attributes can be either static, meaning that they shall remain unchanged after the configuration is
agreed upon, or dynamic, meaning that the attribute may change at some point after configuration.
© IEEE 2010 – All rights reserved

PHD-Pulse oximeter metric object instances
MDS
Enumeration
1 1
Device/Sensor
0.1
Annunciation
0.1
Enumeration
Pulsatile
Occurrence
0.1
Enumeration
Pulsatile
Characteristic
1.* 0.2
0.1
1.*
Numeric RT-SA Numeric
Numeric
Pulsatile Quality
Plethysmogram
SpO Pulse Rate
Figure 1 —Pulse oximeter DIM for metric objects
6.4 Types of configuration
6.4.1 General
As specified in IEEE Std 11073-20601-2008, two styles of configuration are available. The following
subclauses briefly introduce standard and
...


NORME ISO/
INTERNATIONALE IEEE
11073-10404
Première édition
2010-05-01
Informatique de santé — Communication
entre dispositifs de santé personnels —
Partie 10404:
Spécialisation des dispositifs —
Oxymètre de pouls
Health informatics — Personal health device communication —
Part 10404: Device specialization — Pulse oximeter

Numéro de référence
©
ISO 2010
©
IEEE 2010
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d'utilisation, veuillez en informer le Secrétariat central de l'ISO ou l'IEEE à l'une des adresses ci-dessous.

DOCUMENT PROTÉGÉ PAR COPYRIGHT

©  ISO 2010
©  IEEE 2010
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous
quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit
soit de l'ISO soit de l'IEEE, à l'une ou l'autre des adresses ci-après.
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Publié en Suisse
ii © IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Sommaire Page
1 Description. 1
1.1 Domaine d'application . 1
1.2 Objet . 1
1.3 Contexte . 2
2 Références normatives. 2
3 Définitions, acronymes et abréviations . 2
3.1 Définitions. 2
3.2 Acronymes et abréviations . 3
4 Introduction à l'ISO/IEEE 11073 portant sur les dispositifs personnels
de santé. 4
4.1 Généralités. 4
4.2 Introduction aux constructions de modélisation de l'IEEE 11073-20601 . 4
5 Concepts et modalités relatifs aux dispositifs d'oxymètres de pouls. 5
5.1 Généralités. 5
5.2 Types de dispositifs. 6
5.3 Concepts généraux . 6
5.4 Données collectées. 7
5.5 Données obtenues . 9
5.6 Données mémorisées . 9
5.7 Configurations du dispositif . 9
6 Modèle d'informations du domaine de l'oxymètre de pouls. 10
6.1 Description. 10
6.2 Extensions de classes . 10
6.3 Diagramme d'instance d'objet . 10
6.4 Types de configurations. 12
6.5 Objet système de dispositif médical (MDS). 12
6.6 Objets numériques. 17
6.7 Objets groupements d'échantillons en temps réel (RT-SA) . 29
6.8 Objets numération. 30
6.9 Objets PM-store. 35
6.10 Objets analyseur . 39
6.11 Objets extension de classe . 43
6.12 Règles d'extension de modèle d'informations de l'oxymètre de pouls. 43
7 Modèle de services d'oxymètre de pouls . 44
7.1 Généralités. 44
7.2 Services d'accès à l'objet . 44
7.3 Services de rapport d'événement d'accès à l'objet . 47
8 Modèle de communication de l'oxymètre de pouls . 48
8.1 Description générale. 48
8.2 Caractéristiques de communication . 48
8.3 Procédure d'association. 49
8.4 Procédure «Configuring» (procédure de configuration). 50
8.5 Procédure «Operating» (procédure de fonctionnement) . 52
8.6 Synchronisation dans le temps . 53
9 Associations pour test. 53
9.1 Comportement avec une configuration normalisée . 53
9.2 Comportement avec des configurations étendues. 54
© IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés iii

10 Conformité . 54
10.1 Applicabilité . 54
10.2 Spécification de conformité . 54
10.3 Niveaux de conformité. 55
10.4 Déclarations de conformité de la réalisation (ICS) . 55
Annexe A (informative) Bibliographie. 60
Annexe B (normative) Définitions supplémentaires de la notation ASN.1. 61
Annexe C (normative) Allocation d'identificateurs . 63
Annexe D (informative) Exemples de séquences de messages . 65
Annexe E (informative) Exemples d'unités de données de protocole . 67

iv © IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes
nationaux de normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des normes internationales
est en général confiée aux comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une
étude a le droit de faire partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations
internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'ISO participent
également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique
internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les documents normatifs de l'IEEE sont développés au sein des sociétés de l'IEEE et des Comités
de Coordination des normes du Conseil des normes de l'Association des normes IEEE (IEEE-SA).
L'IEEE développe ses normes par le biais d'un processus de développement de consensus
approuvé par l'American National Standard Institute, qui rassemble des volontaires représentant
divers points de vue et divers intérêts pour parvenir au produit final. Les volontaires ne sont pas
nécessairement des membres de l'Institut et aucune compensation ne leur est attribuée. Bien que
l'IEEE administre le processus et établisse des règles pour favoriser l'équité au cours du processus
de développement du consensus, l'IEEE n'évalue pas, ne teste pas ou ne vérifie pas de manière
indépendante l'exactitude des informations contenues dans ses normes.
La tâche principale des comités techniques est d'élaborer les normes internationales. Les projets de
normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour
vote. Leur publication comme normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
L'attention est appelée sur le fait que certains des éléments du présent document peuvent faire
l'objet de droits de propriété intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. Du fait de la publication de la
présente norme, aucune position n'est adoptée en ce qui concerne l'existence ou la validité de droit
quelconque de brevet en rapport avec celle-ci. Il n'incombe pas à l'ISO/IEEE d'identifier des brevets
essentiels ou des revendications de brevet pour lesquels une licence peut être requise, ni de
conduire des enquêtes en ce qui concerne la validité légale ou la portée des brevets ou des
revendications de brevet ou de déterminer si des termes ou conditions d'attribution de licence
fournis en rapport avec la soumission d'une lettre d'assurance ou d'une déclaration de brevet et du
formulaire de déclaration d'attribution de licence, s'il y en a, ou dans des accords d'attribution de
licence quelconques sont raisonnables ou non discriminatoires. Les utilisateurs de la présente
norme sont expressément avisés que la détermination de la validité de tout droit de brevet et le
risque de violation de ces droits leur incombent entièrement. Des informations supplémentaires
peuvent être obtenues auprès de l'ISO ou de l'Association des normes IEEE.
L'ISO/IEEE 11073-10404 a été élaborée par le Comité 11073 de la Société d'Ingénierie en
Médecine et Biologie de l'IEEE (en tant que norme IEEE 11073-10404:2008). Elle a été adoptée
par le comité technique ISO/TC 215, Informatique de santé, parallèlement à son approbation par
les organismes membres de l'ISO dans le cadre de la «procédure rapide» définie par l'accord de
coopération entre les Organisations Partenaires de Développement de normes que sont l'ISO et
l'IEEE. Les deux parties sont responsables de la tenue à jour du présent document.
L'ISO/IEEE 11073 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Informatique de
santé — Communication entre dispositifs de santé personnels (le texte entre parenthèses donne
une variante du sous-titre):
⎯ Partie 10101: (Communication entre dispositifs médicaux sur le site des soins) Nomenclature
⎯ Partie 10201: (Communication entre dispositifs médicaux sur le site des soins) Modèle
d'informations du domaine
© IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés v

⎯ Partie 10404: Spécialisation des dispositifs — Oxymètre de pouls
⎯ Partie 10407: Spécialisation des dispositifs — Moniteur de pression sanguine
⎯ Partie 10408: (Communication entre dispositifs de santé personnels) Spécialisation des
dispositifs — Thermomètre
⎯ Partie 10415: (Communication entre dispositifs de santé personnels) Spécialisation des
dispositifs — Plateau de balance
⎯ Partie 10417: Spécialisation des dispositifs — Glucomètre
⎯ Partie 10471: (Communication entre dispositifs de santé personnels) Spécialisation des
dispositifs — Concentrateur d'activités pour une vie autonome
⎯ Partie 20101: (Communication entre dispositifs médicaux sur le site des soins) Profils
d'applications — Norme de base
⎯ Partie 20601: (Communication entre dispositifs de santé personnels) Profil d'application —
Protocole d'échange optimisé
⎯ Partie 30200: (Communication entre dispositifs médicaux sur le site des soins) Profil de
transport — Connexion par câble
⎯ Partie 30300: (Communication entre dispositifs médicaux sur le site des soins) Profil de
transport — Faisceau infrarouge

vi © IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés

Introduction
Les normes ISO/IEEE 11073 permettent des communications entre des dispositifs médicaux et des systèmes
TM
1)
informatiques externes. La présente norme utilise le cadre optimisé créé dans l'IEEE 11073-20601 :2008
et décrit une approche de communication interopérable spécifique pour les oxymètres de pouls. Ces normes
s'alignent sur et s'inspirent des normes existantes focalisées sur les sujets cliniques pour fournir un support de
communication de données depuis les dispositifs de santé cliniques ou personnels.

1)
Pour des informations sur les référence, se reporter à l'Article 2.

© IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés vii

NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO/IEEE 11073-10404:2010(F)

Informatique de santé — Communication entre dispositifs
de santé personnels —
Partie 10404:
Spécialisation des dispositifs — Oxymètre de pouls
NOTE IMPORTANTE: La présente norme n'a pas pour but d'assurer la sécurité, la sûreté, la
santé ou la protection de l'environnement dans toutes les circonstances. Il incombe aux
personnes ou organismes mettant en œuvre la norme de déterminer les exigences
appropriées en matière de sécurité, de sûreté, d'environnement et de pratiques de santé ou
d'exigences réglementaires.
Le présent document de l'IEEE est mis à disposition afin d'être utilisé sous réserve de
notes importantes et de rejets de responsabilité légale. Ces notes et rejets de
responsabilité apparaissent dans toutes les publications mentionnant le présent
document et peuvent être trouvés sous l'en-tête «Note importante» ou «Notes
importantes et rejets de responsabilité concernant les documents de l'IEEE». Ils peuvent
également être obtenus sur demande auprès de l'IEEE ou visualisés sur le site:
http://standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.
1 Description
1.1 Domaine d'application
Dans le contexte de la famille de normes ISO/IEEE 11073 relatives à la communication entre des
dispositifs, la présente norme établit une définition normative de la communication entre des
dispositifs d'oxymètres de pouls personnels de télésanté et des moteurs informatiques (par exemple
des téléphones cellulaires, des ordinateurs personnels, des équipements personnels de santé et des
boîtiers décodeurs) d'une manière qui permet une interopérabilité du type prêt à l'emploi. Elle
s'appuie sur les parties appropriées de normes existantes, y compris la terminologie, des modèles
d'informations, des normes de profils d'applications et des normes de transport de l'ISO/IEEE 11073.
Elle spécifie l'utilisation de codes, de formats et de comportements en termes spécifiques dans les
environnements de télésanté, en limitant les choix à des cadres de travail de base en faveur de
l'interopérabilité. La présente norme définit un noyau commun de fonctionnalités de communication
pour les oxymètres de pouls personnels de télésanté.
1.2 Objet
La présente norme répond au besoin d'une norme indépendante définie de manière ouverte portant
sur la commande de l'échange d'informations entre des dispositifs personnels de santé et des
moteurs informatiques (par exemple des téléphones cellulaires, des ordinateurs personnels, des
équipements personnels de santé et des boîtiers décodeurs). L'interopérabilité est la clé de la
croissance du marché potentiel de ces dispositifs et pour permettre aux personnes d'être des
acteurs mieux informés dans la gestion de leur santé.
© IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés 1

1.3 Contexte
2)
Voir l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008 pour une description générale de l'environnement dans lequel la
présente norme s'inscrit.
La présente norme définit la spécialisation des dispositifs comme l'oxymètre de pouls qui est un type
d'agent spécifique, et elle fournit une description des concepts du dispositif, de ses capacités et de
sa mise en œuvre conformément à la présente norme.
La présente norme est fondée sur l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008, qui à son tour tire ses informations de
3 )
l'ISO/IEEE 11073-10201:2004 [B3] et de l'ISO/IEEE 11073-20101:2004 [B4]. Les règles de
codage des dispositifs médicaux (MDER) utilisées dans la présente norme sont décrites en totalité
dans l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008.
La présente norme reproduit les parties appropriées de la nomenclature qui se trouve dans
l'ISO/IEEE 11073-10101:2004 [B2] et ajoute de nouveaux codes de nomenclature pour les besoins
de la présente norme. Entre la présente norme et l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008, tous les codes de
nomenclature requis pour la mise en œuvre font l'objet de documents.
NOTE Dans la présente norme, le terme norme ISO/IEEE P11073-104zz est utilisé pour faire référence à
l'ensemble de normes relatives à la spécialisation des dispositifs qui utilisent l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008 et zz
4)
peut être tout nombre de 01 à 99, inclus .
2 Références normatives
Les documents de référence suivants sont indispensables pour l'application du présent document
(c'est-à-dire qu'ils doivent être compris et utilisés de sorte que chaque document de référence soit
cité dans le texte et que sa relation avec le présent document soit expliquée). Pour les références
datées, seule l'édition citée s'applique. Pour les références non datées, la dernière édition du
document de référence s'applique (y compris les éventuels amendements).
TM
IEEE 11073-20601 :2008, Informatique de santé — Communication entre des dispositifs de santé
5)
personnels — Partie 20601: Profil d'application — Protocole d'échange optimisé .
Voir l'Annexe A pour tous les documents informatifs mentionnés dans la présente norme.
3 Définitions, acronymes et abréviations
3.1 Définitions
Pour les besoins du présent document, les termes et définitions suivants s'appliquent. Il convient de
faire référence à «The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms [B1]» pour les termes qui
ne sont pas définis dans le présent article.

2)
Les informations sur les références peuvent être trouvées dans l'Article 2.
3)
Les références numérotées indiquées entre crochets correspondent à celles indiquées dans la bibliographie
à l'Annexe A.
4)
Les notes dans le texte, les tableaux et les figures sont données pour information seulement et ne
contiennent pas des exigences nécessaires à l'utilisation de la norme.
5)
Les publications de l'IEEE sont disponibles auprès de l'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445
Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http://standards.ieee.org).

2 © IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés

3.1.1 agent: nœud qui collecte et transmet des données personnelles de santé à un gestionnaire
associé
3.1.2 classe: dans une modélisation orientée objet, elle décrit les attributs, les méthodes et les
événements que les objets instanciés à partir de la classe utilisent
3.1.3 moteur informatique: voir gestionnaire.

3.1.4 dispositif: appareil physique mettant en œuvre un agent ou ayant un rôle de gestionnaire
3.1.5 poignée: nombre de 16 bits sans signe qui est unique localement et identifie l'une des
instances d'objet dans un agent
3.1.6 gestionnaire: nœud recevant des données d'un ou de plusieurs systèmes d'agents associés.
Des exemples de gestionnaires incluent un téléphone cellulaire, un appareil de santé, un boîtier
décodeur ou un système informatique
3.1.7 poignée-objet (obj-handle): voir poignée.
3.1.8 objet: dans une modélisation orientée objet, instanciation particulière d'une classe.
L'instanciation réalise des attributs, des méthodes et des événements à partir de la classe
3.1.9 dispositif personnel de santé : dispositif utilisé dans des applications personnelles de santé
3.1.10 dispositif personnel de télésanté: voir dispositif personnel de santé
3.1.11 pléthysmogramme, pléthysmographe ou forme d'onde photopléthysmographique:
séquence d'échantillons se rapportant à l'absorption de la lumière séquentielle variant avec le temps
due aux effets de la circulation sanguine pulsée
3.1.12 SpO : saturation de l'hémoglobine en oxygène exprimée en pourcentage telle que mesurée
par un oxymètre de pouls, où ce mesurage est une estimation de la fraction d'hémoglobine
fonctionnelle dans le sang artériel qui est saturé en oxygène
NOTE Pour obtenir plus d'informations relatives à SpO voir l'ISO 9919 [B6].
2,
3.2 Acronymes et abréviations
APDU application protocol data unit (unité de données de protocole d'application)
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One (notation à syntaxe abstraite un)
DIM domain information model (modèle d'informations du domaine)
ECG electrocardiograph (électrocardiographe)
EUI-64 extended unique identifier (64 bits) [identificateur unique étendu (64 bits)]
ICS implementation conformance statement (mention de conformité pour la mise en œuvre)
ID identifier (identificateur)
MDC medical device communication (communication entre dispositifs médicaux)
MDER medical device encoding rules (règles de codage de dispositif médical)
© IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés 3

MDS medical device system (système de dispositif médical)
MOC managed object class (classe d'objet géré)
OID object identifier (identificateur d'objet)
PDU protocol data unit (unité de données de protocole)
PHD personal health device (dispositif personnel de santé)
PnP plug-and-play (prêt à l'emploi)
RT-SA real-time sample array (groupement d'échantillons en temps réel)
SpO percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin (saturation de l'hémoglobine en oxygène
exprimée en pourcentage)
VMO virtual medical object (objet médical virtuel)
VMS virtual medical system (système médical virtuel)
4 Introduction à l'ISO/IEEE 11073 portant sur les dispositifs personnels
de santé
4.1 Généralités
La présente norme et le reste de la série des normes ISO/IEEE 11073 portant sur les dispositifs
personnels de santé s'intègrent dans le contexte plus large de la série des normes ISO/IEEE 11073.
La suite complète de normes permet aux agents de s'interconnecter et d'interopérer avec les
gestionnaires et avec les systèmes d'informations informatisés de soins. Voir l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008
pour une description des principes directeurs pour cette série de normes ISO/IEEE 11073 portant
sur les dispositifs personnels de santé.
L'IEEE 11073-20601:2008 prend en charge la modélisation et la mise en œuvre d'un ensemble
important de dispositifs personnels de santé. La présente norme définit des aspects du dispositif
d'oxymètre de pouls. Elle décrit tous les aspects nécessaires à la mise en œuvre des services de la
couche d'application et du protocole d'échange de données entre un agent oxymètre de pouls de
l'ISO/IEEE 11073 et un gestionnaire. La présente norme définit un sous-ensemble des objets et
la fonctionnalité présents dans l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008, avec le développement et l'ajout de
définitions lorsque cela est approprié. Toutes les nouvelles définitions sont données dans l'Annexe B
en notation à syntaxe abstraite un (ASN.1). Les codes de nomenclature auxquels il est fait référence
dans la présente norme, qui ne sont pas définis dans l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008, sont définis de
manière normative dans l'Annexe C.
4.2 Introduction aux constructions de modélisation de l'IEEE 11073-20601
4.2.1 Généralités
La série de normes ISO/IEEE 11073, et en particulier l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008, est fondée sur un
paradigme de gestion de systèmes orientée objet. Le modèle de système global est divisé en trois
principales composantes: le modèle d'informations du domaine (DIM), le modèle de service et le
modèle de communication. Voir l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008 pour une description détaillée des
constructions de la modélisation.
4 © IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés

4.2.2 Modèle d'informations du domaine (DIM)
Le DIM est un modèle hiérarchique qui décrit un agent sous la forme d'un ensemble d'objets. Ces
objets et leurs attributs représentent les éléments qui déterminent le comportement et signalent le
statut de l'agent et les données qu'un agent peut communiquer à un gestionnaire. La communication
entre l'agent et le gestionnaire est définie par le protocole d'application dans l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008.
4.2.3 Modèle de service
Le modèle de service définit les mécanismes conceptuels pour les services d'échange de données.
De tels services sont mappés sur des messages qui sont échangés entre l'agent et le gestionnaire.
Les messages de protocole dans la série de normes ISO/IEEE 11073 sont définis en ASN.1. Les
messages définis dans l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008 peuvent coexister avec les messages définis dans
les autres profils d'application de normes définis dans la série de normes ISO/IEEE 11073.
4.2.4 Modèle de communication
D'une manière générale, le modèle de communication prend en charge la topologie d'un ou de
plusieurs agents qui communiquent sur des connexions logiques de point à point avec un seul
gestionnaire. Pour chaque connexion logique de point à point, le comportement dynamique du
système est défini par une machine à états finis de connexion, telle que spécifiée dans
l'IEEE 11073-20601:2008.
4.2.5 Mise en œuvre des modèles
Un agent mettant en œuvre la présente norme doit mettre en œuvre tous les éléments obligatoires
des modèles d'informations, de service et de communication, de même que tous les éléments
conditionnels où la condition est satisfaite. Il convient que l'agent mette en œuvre les éléments
recommandés et il peut mettre en œuvre toute combinaison des éléments optionnels. Un
gestionnaire mettant en œuvre la présente norme doit utiliser au moins l'un des éléments
obligatoires, conditionnels, recommandés ou optionnels. Dans ce contexte, «utiliser» signifie utiliser
l'élément en tant que partie de la fonction primaire du dispositif gestionnaire. Par exemple, un
gestionnaire dont la fonction primaire consiste à afficher des données devrait afficher un élément de
données dans l'élément pour l'utiliser.
5 Concepts et modalités relatifs aux dispositifs d'oxymètres de pouls
5.1 Généralités
Le présent article présente les concepts généraux relatifs à l'équipement d'oxymètre de pouls. Dans
le contexte des dispositifs personnels de santé de la famille de normes ISO/IEEE 11073, un
oxymètre de pouls, également appelé oxymètre, fournit une estimation non invasive de l'oxygène
fonctionnel de l'hémoglobine artérielle (SpO ) à partir d'un signal lumineux interagissant avec le
tissu, en utilisant les variations avec le temps des propriétés optiques des tissus qui sont dues à la
circulation sanguine pulsée (voir le projet de lignes directrices pour l'industrie et le personnel de la
FDA [B5]). Par application de la loi d'absorption de lumière de Beer-Lambert à travers un tel réseau
artériel, la fraction d'oxygénation de l'hémoglobine artérielle peut être estimée. Cette estimation,
normalement exprimée en pourcentage en multipliant cette fraction par 100, est connue sous le nom
de SpO . Occasionnellement, cette estimation peut être appelée %SpO . L'ISO 9919 [B6] contient
2 2
des informations supplémentaires applicables à l'oxymétrie de pouls.
© IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés 5

5.2 Types de dispositifs
Les systèmes d'oxymètre de pouls pouvant être appliqués dans l'espace de santé personnelle
peuvent prendre diverses configurations et présenter diverses compositions de capteur et leurs
configurations peuvent convenir à différents espaces d'application de santé personnelle.
L'équipement d'oxymètre de pouls comprend un moniteur d'oxymètre de pouls, une sonde
d'oxymètre de pouls et un extenseur de câble de sonde, s'il en est fourni un. Certains oxymètres se
présentent en un ensemble tout en un, où la sonde optique et les composants de traitement et
d'affichage se présentent dans un seul conditionnement. D'autres oxymètres peuvent être constitués
d'un capteur et de composants de traitement/affichage séparés. En outre, d'autres oxymètres
peuvent placer le capteur et le traitement du signal dans un composant et envoyer cette information
dans un composant externe à des fins d'affichage et de mémorisation. En outre, d'autres
configurations peuvent ajouter une capacité de mémorisation dans le système. Cela implique que
différents modèles d'informations peuvent être mieux adaptés pour chaque configuration particulière
de dispositif.
5.3 Concepts généraux
5.3.1 Mesurage non invasif
Le domaine d'application de la présente spécialisation couvre l'utilisation prévue d'un équipement
d'oxymètre de pouls, qui inclut, mais sans s'y limiter, l'estimation de la saturation par l'oxygène de
l'hémoglobine artérielle et la fréquence de pouls. La présente norme ne s'applique pas à un
équipement d'oxymètre de pouls qui est prévu dans le but d'être utilisé dans des applications de
recherches en laboratoire ou aux oxymètres qui nécessitent un échantillon de sang.
(voir l'ISO 9919 [B6]). La présente norme ne couvre pas le mesurage de l'oxygénation par extraction
de sang. La présente norme ne s'applique pas à un équipement d'oxymètre de pouls dont le seul but
est d'être utilisé dans une application fœtale.
Le mécanisme de détection peut utiliser des méthodes par transmission ou par réflexion pour
mesurer l'oxygénation du sang. En outre, l'oxygénation du sang est habituellement déterminée
comme étant un rapport de l'absorbance de longueurs d'onde de la lumière différentes, bien que
plus de longueurs d'onde puissent être utilisées.
5.3.2 Modes d'acquisition
5.3.2.1 Généralités
Les oxymètres de pouls sont utilisés pour mesurer la saturation SpO dans divers scénarios
d'utilisation.
5.3.2.2 Vérification ponctuelle
Dans un scénario de vérification ponctuelle, un utilisateur peut simplement souhaiter obtenir une
seule mesure complètement traitée à transmettre à un gestionnaire. Par exemple, l'utilisateur
attacherait l'oxymètre, après quoi l'agent procéderait à un mesurage d'oxymétrie et de fréquence du
pouls. L'agent commencerait alors une communication avec un gestionnaire et enverrait cette
mesure unique. Le gestionnaire peut accuser réception à la transmission, de sorte que l'agent
puisse ensuite se dissocier et revenir à son état antérieur.
5.3.2.3 Surveillance continue
Une situation de surveillance continue implique que le dispositif de l'oxymètre de pouls mesure
l'oxygénation de l'utilisateur pendant un certain intervalle de temps supérieur à celui nécessaire pour
acquérir une seule mesure. De multiples mesurages peuvent être réalisés pour acquérir des
informations de tendance.
6 © IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés

5.3.2.4 Mesurages mémorisés et retransmis
Des mesurages mémorisés et retransmis pourraient être considérés comme étant une application de
surveillance continue spécialisée, où le dispositif d'oxymétrie de pouls n'est pas toujours en
communication avec un gestionnaire et où l'oxymètre enregistre des données sur plusieurs minutes
ou sur plusieurs heures. Dans ce cas, les données d'oxymétrie sont mémorisées dans le dispositif
pendant la durée de la session d'étude et ensuite transférées au gestionnaire à un instant approprié.
Ce style de communication de mesure est distinct de la situation où des mesurages mémorisés
temporairement sont transférés lorsque la liaison de communication est rétablie.
5.4 Données collectées
5.4.1 Généralités
Le présent paragraphe décrit la nature des données qui ont été recueillies sur la base des modes
d'acquisition décrits en 5.3.2.
5.4.2 Pourcentage de saturation en oxygène de l'hémoglobine artérielle
5.4.2.1 SpO
Tout oxymètre envoie au moins une expression de SpO . Il s'agit du mesurage primaire d'un
oxymètre de pouls. Il est important de noter que la mesure est déterminée par le biais de diverses
techniques de traitement de signal et peut être exprimé de différentes manières. Chaque méthode et
chaque expression a son applicabilité dans des espaces d'application particuliers (par exemple
surveillance (monitoring) de signes vitaux et études diagnostiques du sommeil). Souvent, la
saturation SpO signalée a été traitée par le biais de diverses techniques afin de présenter les
données pour qu'elles soient utilisées selon un certain nombre de manières.
En réponse aux divers phénomènes et situations physiologiques, les mesures de SpO peuvent être
exprimées selon diverses manières. Des modalités supplémentaires pour exprimer la saturation
SpO sont souvent utilisées quand elles sont mieux adaptées pour exposer ou réprimer divers
phénomènes physiologiques ou environnementaux (se reporter à 5.4.2.2). Le paragraphe qui suit
décrit trois expressions de SpO qui peuvent être utilisées par un fabricant de dispositifs pour
acheminer le niveau d'oxygénation du sang.
Il est également concevable que l'équipement d'oxymètre de pouls puisse délivrer un seul SpO , qui
est déterminé à l'aide de l'une de ces modalités. En outre, plusieurs de ces expressions distinctes
peuvent être transmises simultanément au cours d'une session de mesure. Le gestionnaire, à la
réception de cet ensemble d'informations, peut choisir d'afficher un autre sous-ensemble de ces
expressions. Il est requis d'un agent oxymètre de pouls qu'il prenne en charge au moins une
instance de ce mesurage.
5.4.2.2 Autres expressions de SpO
Un cas de mesurage de SpO implique le fait qu'un utilisateur porte un capteur au cours d'une
activité non intentionnelle ou modérée. Le résultat de cette activité peut être une perte intermittente
de l'acquisition du signal. L'expression la plus courante de SpO peut être trop sensible à ces effets
et pourrait résulter en une mesure fluctuante (et par conséquent trompeuse). Une modalité de
mesurage de SpO connue sous le nom de modalité à «réponse lente» présente une caractéristique
qui «lisse» une série de mesures d'une certaine manière, peut-être en changeant un paramètre de
calcul de moyenne ou en employant un algorithme différent. Cette modalité est définie dans la
présente norme.
© IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés 7

Au cours d'une étude du sommeil, un événement d'apnée résulte en une désaturation rapide de
l'oxygénation du sang. Ce mesurage de SpO peut être exprimé par une modalité de «réponse
rapide» qui utilise une technique qui acquiert plus efficacement de tels événements. La technique
peut varier d'un fabricant de dispositifs à l'autre, mais une expression distincte permettant d'acquérir
ces changements rapides est définie dans la présente norme.
Les termes réponse lente et réponse rapide se rapportent à une mise en œuvre particulière et n'ont
pas pour but d'indiquer une comparaison entre les dispositifs ou les vendeurs. On notera qu'il s'agit
de termes descriptifs volontairement laissés non spécifiques afin de permettre des interprétations
plus souples dans le cadre d'une mise en œuvre particulière.
Souvent, un oxymètre de pouls enverra périodiquement des mesures de SpO , par exemple une fois
par seconde. En outre, un oxymètre de pouls peut commencer à fournir des mesures en sortie
aussitôt qu'il a une estimation raisonnable de l'oxygénation fonctionnelle de l'hémoglobine. Des
mesurages ultérieurs peuvent, d'une certaine manière, converger sur la meilleure estimation de
l'oxymètre. Une modalité supplémentaire, la modalité de «vérification ponctuelle» satisfait au désir
de pouvoir exécuter un mesurage unique et afficher une mesure unique de SpO qui est aussi sa
meilleure estimation de l'oxygénation de l'hémoglobine fonctionnelle. En d'autres termes, une
vérification ponctuelle n'est pas simplement le premier mesurage, mais le premier meilleur
mesurage. La manière spécifique dont est produite cette mesure est spécifique à la mise en œuvre
de l'oxymètre de pouls. Une fois que cette mesure est transmise, la session de mesurages est
achevée.
5.4.3 Fréquence du pouls
La fréquence cardiaque mesurée par un oxymètre de pouls est produite par un battement de cœur
mais requiert également l'éjection du sang par le cœur et la génération d'une onde de pression
artérielle et dans le tissu qui est détectable par un moyen photopléthysmographique. Par
conséquent, la fréquence du pouls peut être une mesure moins fiable de la fréquence cardiaque que
celle obtenue directement par un mesurage via un électrocardiographe (ECG). Comme décrit en
5.4.2.1 et en 5.4.2.2, la ou les valeurs signalées peuvent être déterminées selon diverses manières
et les modalités correspondantes de «réponse lente», de «réponse rapide» et de «vérification
ponctuelle» sont définies pour les mesurages de fréquence du pouls. Il est requis d'un agent
oxymètre de pouls qu'il prenne en charge au moins une instance de cette caractéristique.
5.4.4 Occurrence pulsatoire
Si une occurrence horodatée avec précision d'une impulsion est transmise à un gestionnaire, cette
information peut être utilisée conjointement avec d'autres événements physiologiques signalés pour
obtenir une autre mesure physiologique. D'autres espaces d'application peuvent souhaiter indiquer
une occurrence pulsatoire avec moins de précision dans le but d'afficher, par exemple, une icône de
cœur qui clignote. Il n'est pas requis d'un agent oxymètre de pouls qu'il prenne en charge cette
caractéristique.
5.4.5 Pléthysmogramme
Il existe des applications où l'on souhaite visualiser la séquence d'échantillonnages associés à
l'absorption de lumière variant dans le temps du fait des effets de la circulation sanguine pulsée.
Souvent, ces échantillonnages sont acquis à partir d'une source de lumière à une seule longueur
d'onde, habituellement la longueur d'onde la moins sensible aux variations de la saturation en
oxygène. Il n'est pas requis d'un agent oxymètre de pouls qu'il prenne en charge cette
caractéristique.
8 © IEEE 2010 – Tous droits réservés

5.4.6 Qualité pulsatoire et caractérisation des signaux
Les fabricants d'oxymètre de pouls ont de nombreuses manières à leur disposition pour caractériser
la qualité de l'onde pulsatoire. Malheureusement, aucune norme couvrant l'industrie n'existe
actuellement pour quantifier les caractéristiques du signal. Cependant, les mesures d'amplitude des
signaux entre les différents vendeurs fournissent des valeurs quantitatives pouvant présenter une
relation linéaire. Une caractéristique notable est l'amplitude de la modulation du signal. D'autres
méthodes pour caractériser la qualité de l'onde pulsatoire peuvent être employées. Il n'est pas
requis d'un oxymètre de pouls qu'il prenne en charge cette caractéristique.
5.5 Données obtenues
5.5.1 Indications limites
Les oxymètres de pouls peuvent mettre en œuvre des indicateurs fondés sur la surveillance de
valeurs physiologiques lorsqu'elles dépassent des limites prédéfinies. Les indicateurs couramment
mis en œuvre incluent le fait d'atteindre les seuils d'une SpO élevée ou faible ou d'atteindre les
seuils d'une fréquence de pouls haute ou basse.
5.5.2 Statut pulsatoire
Les oxymètres de pouls peuvent fournir des indications de statut de certaines caractéristiques d'une
onde pulsatoire ou des irrégularités de la forme d'onde.
5.5.3 Dispositif et statut de capteur
Les oxymètres de pouls peuvent fournir des indications de statut se rapportant à un mauvais
fonctionnement du capteur ou au fait qu'il a été délogé de même qu'à diverses anomalies des
signaux.
5.6 Données mémorisées
Comme mentionné en 5.3.2.4, un oxymètre de pouls peut être utilisé sur une ou plusieurs sessions
de plusieurs heures sans être en relation avec un gestionnaire pour envoyer ses données. À la fin
de la session ou des sessions, l'agent oxymètre de pouls se connecte à un gestionnaire. Le
gestionnaire peut sélectionner les sessions à récupérer parmi les sessions mémorisées par l'agent.
L'agent transmet alors la sélection du gestionnaire en un ou plusieurs blocs de messages en vue
d'un traitement par un gestionnaire ou un autre dispositif de traitement. Le gestionnaire peut
également choisir un ensemble de sessions à supprimer.
5.7 Configurations du dispositif
Bien que les agents aient habituellement une configuration statique, il est admissible et souhaitable
qu'un agent accepte plusieurs configurations, dont l'une serait active à un instant donné
quelconque. Les oxymètres de pouls peuvent avoir un riche ensemble de caractéristiques qui
peuvent être combinées en un ensemble de différentes configurations, dont l'une peut être
sélectionnée par le gestionnaire au cours de la configuration.
Deux caté
...

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