ISO 15165:2001
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Classification system
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Classification system
This International Standard describes a system by which fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) (see clause 3) may be classified. The system has been devised to cover all types of fine ceramics in the form of inorganic precursors for ceramic powder production, powders, granular forms, fibres, whiskers, platelets, single crystals, consolidated polycrystalline ceramics, amorphous (glassy) and composite materials and components in block, thin film and coating forms. The structure of the classification is coded to be machine readable. The classification system does not cover: elemental carbon, except for specific ceramic forms such as diamond, vitreous carbon or chemical vapour deposited (CVD) graphite; elemental silicon, elemental germanium and other elemental or compound semi-metallic substances other than when they form an integral component of or precoursor for fine ceramics; traditional ceramics based on clay, including: whitewares (e.g. tableware and fine porcelain); sanitary wares; floor and wall tiles; building ceramics (e.g. bricks and pipes); unshaped and shaped refractories for tonnage applications. This International Standard does not specifically cover hardmetal (cemented carbide) products, or products which are mainly glassy, but the system can, in principle, be extended to cover such products. Its mode of use will be determined by the objective behind its use. It is not the purpose of this International Standard to define how the system shall be used, but examples are given of how it might be used. The user is able to define the coding combination and the level of detail to suit a particular purpose. This International Standard provides only a flexible framework and a recommended international coding system within which this might be done.
Céramiques techniques — Système de classification
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15165
First edition
2001-10-15
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Classification system
Céramiques techniques — Système de classification
Reference number
©
ISO 2001
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ii © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Objectives.2
5 Individual classification fields.3
6 Construction of a complete classification code.13
Annex A (normative) Application classification field.15
Annex B (normative) Chemical character descriptor field.35
Annex C (informative) Processing classification field .60
Annex D (normative) Property data classification field .65
Annex E (informative) Bibliography to annex D.74
Bibliography.79
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 15165 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Annexes A, B and D form a normative part of this International Standard. Annexes C and E are for information only.
iv © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
Introduction
The detail of the classification system has been developed by international collaboration under the auspices of VAMAS
Technical Working Area 14, and with support from the Commission of the European Communities, ASTM Institute of
Standards Research and the Japan Fine Ceramics Association. Its construction has followed an international survey of
[1]
requirements amongst manufacturing and user industries , discussions at an international workshop at Ispra, Italy,
[2] [3] [4]
June 1990 , a consultant's study , and a final report of the work of VAMAS TWA14 .
The use of this International Standard has been reviewed by VAMAS TWA14 in an international project to test and
demonstrate it. Based on the findings of this work, modifications agreed by VAMAS have been made to the original
[4]
VAMAS Report .
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15165:2001(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Classification system
1 Scope
This International Standard describes a system by which fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) (see clause 3) may be classified. The system has been devised to cover all types of fine ceramics in the form
of inorganic precursors for ceramic powder production, powders, granular forms, fibres, whiskers, platelets, single
crystals, consolidated polycrystalline ceramics, amorphous (glassy) and composite materials and components in block,
thin film and coating forms. The structure of the classification is coded to be machine readable.
The classification system does not cover:
a) elemental carbon, except for specific ceramic forms such as diamond, vitreous carbon or chemical vapour
deposited (CVD) graphite;
b) elemental silicon, elemental germanium and other elemental or compound semi-metallic substances other
than when they form an integral component of or precoursor for fine ceramics;
c) traditional ceramics based on clay, including:
1) whitewares (e.g. tableware and fine porcelain);
2) sanitary wares;
3) floor and wall tiles;
4) building ceramics (e.g. bricks and pipes);
d) unshaped and shaped refractories for tonnage applications.
This International Standard does not specifically cover hardmetal (cemented carbide) products, or products which are
mainly glassy, but the system can, in principle, be extended to cover such products. Its mode of use will be determined
by the objective behind its use. It is not the purpose of this International Standard to define how the system shall be
used, but examples are given of how it might be used. The user is able to define the coding combination and the level
of detail to suit a particular purpose. This International Standard provides only a flexible framework and a
recommended international coding system within which this might be done.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these
publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
IEC 60672-2, Ceramic and glass insulating materials — Part 2: Methods of test
IEC 60672-3, Ceramic and glass insulating materials — Part 3: Specifications for individual materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
fine ceramic (advanced ceramic, advanced technical ceramic)
highly engineered, high-performance, predominantly non-metallic, inorganic, ceramic material having specific
functional attributes
NOTE Other terms which in whole or in part cover the scope of the above expression are in common use. The above term
is the preferred one in all circumstances.
3.2
classification field
set of categories related to one independent aspect or feature of the classification
3.3
classification element
single category in a classification field
3.4
code
alphanumeric string with a prescribed definition in terms of material attributes
3.5
coding element
part of the alphanumeric code from one classification field
4 Objectives
This International Standard provides a framework wherein fine ceramic (advanced ceramic, advanced technical
ceramic) products and materials can be classified for a variety of purposes including commercial statistics, market
surveys, materials identification, coding and data bases.
The present range of products that is encompassed by the term “fine ceramics” or its synonyms “advanced ceramics”
or “advanced technical ceramics”, or others, is enormous in breadth and complex in chemical character, form and
property attributes. Normally there are close interlinks between these factors. It has therefore been impossible to devise
a single hierarchical system, such as that used in IEC 60672-3 for electrotechnical ceramics for insulators or that in the
Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System for goods or derivatives thereof. The system developed and
incorporated into this International Standard is novel in many respects in order to encompass all foreseen requirements
and purposes, and all raw and manufactured materials and applications, i.e. it has great flexibility.
For these purposes, an adequate classification of the diversity of materials and products in various stages of
manufacture may require the linking of chemical composition, form, processing method, material properties and
applications in any required combination. The system described in this International Standard has the capability of
classifying fine (advanced, advanced technical) ceramics by any combination of these fields in any sequence for any
desired purpose. The fields are described individually in the following sections. Annexes A, B, C and D provide a
coding method for each classification field of the system.
The user should select from the classification fields those relevant to his requirement, and place these in an order
prescribed for the particular purpose. Some possible combinations are described in clause 6.
2 © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved
5 Individual classification fields
5.1 Introduction
Since the intention is to provide a means of classifying any combination of fields in any sequence appropriate to user
needs, each field is separately identified by a unique initial letter code:
� A = application
� C = chemical character
� P = processing methods
� D = property characteristic or data
The form of the product is closely related to chemical character and is incorporated into the chemistry code. If
appropriate, additional classification fields may be added in the same way. In each case these should be identifiable in
a coding string by a unique initial letter code.
For the purposes of computer recognition, a strict sequence of classification elements is not required, but for other
purposes, such as manual preparation of trade statistics or material specifications, the sequence of classification
elements should be chosen and fixed as preferred.
In the following description of code structures, the variable characters used in the code are:
� X = any appropriate single capital letter coding character
� n = any appropriate single numeric coding character
5.2 Classification field for application type
The initial character to denote the start of the “Application” string is “A”. This is followed by a three-digit number code as
listed in annex A for the application areas. In the list, applications are initially separated into a hierarchical series of
areas by the principal functions of the product as defined by:
� electrical insulation, i.e. insulators for a wide variety of purposes;
� electronic/ionic conduction, i.e. electronic or ionic conductors for heating or functional purposes;
� mechanical functions, including wear, at or near room temperature;
� thermal and thermomechanical functions, where dimensional stability at raised temperature, heat
insulation, heat conduction or resistance to thermal shock are the principal functions, and where additionally
mechanical loads may be applied;
� nuclear functions, where the component plays either an active or a passive nuclear role;
� optical functions, where the component plays a functional role as an optical element in reflection, refraction,
transmission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation;
� chemical functions, including biomedical, where the component is employed for handling melts, chemicals,
solutions or atmospheres because of its resistance to attack by them and, in the case of biomedical materials,
a degree of bio-compatibility;
� magnetic functions, where the component possesses properties allowing a functional magnetic role;
� powder functions, where the fine ceramic is supplied in powder or granule form for u
...
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