ISO 17168-4:2018
(Amendment)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for air-purification performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor lighting environment — Part 4: Removal of formaldehyde
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for air-purification performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor lighting environment — Part 4: Removal of formaldehyde
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance, with regards to the removal of formaldehyde, of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under illumination from indoor light. This document is intended for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board or plate shape, which are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to materials in honeycomb form, and to plastic or paper materials containing ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions.
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Standards Content (sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17168-4
First edition
2018-09
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) —
Test method for air-purification
performance of semiconducting
photocatalytic materials under indoor
lighting environment —
Part 4:
Removal of formaldehyde
Reference number
ISO 17168-4:2018(E)
ISO 2018
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ISO 17168-4:2018(E)
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ISO 17168-4:2018(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Symbols .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Principle ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
6 Apparatus ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
6.1 Test equipment ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
6.2 Test gas supply ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
6.3 Photoreactor ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
6.4 Light source ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
6.5 UV sharp cut-off filter ........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
6.6 Analytical system .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
7 Test piece ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
8 Procedure..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
8.1 General aspects ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
8.2 Pretreatment of test piece ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
8.3 Preparation for the test ................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8.4 Pretest ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
8.5 Removal test .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
9 Calculation .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
10 Test method for test pieces with lower performance .................................................................................................... 9
11 Test report ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
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ISO 17168-4:2018(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www .iso .org/iso/foreword .html.This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
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ISO 17168-4:2018(E)
Introduction
Photocatalyst is a substance that performs decomposition and removal of contaminants, self-
cleaning, antifogging, deodorization and antibacterial actions under photoirradiation. Its application
has expanded considerably in recent years. The application of photocatalysts for indoor spaces
has increasingly been sought as a solution to indoor environmental problems. Since conventional
photocatalysts are responsive only to ultraviolet light, studies have been made to develop an indoor-
light-active photocatalyst that makes effective use of indoor light, which room lights mainly emit, and
thus demonstrates high photocatalytic performance indoors. The development has recently led to the
commercialization of various indoor-light-active photocatalytic products, and there has been demand
for the establishment of test methods to evaluate the performance of this type of photocatalyst.
This document, with ISO 22197-1, ISO 22197-2 and ISO 22197-3 as the basis, is intended to provide a
testing method to determine the performance of indoor-light-active photocatalytic materials with
regards to the removal of formaldehyde, one of the most interesting aromatic volatile organic compound
(VOC)-caused sick-house syndromes, enabling swift distribution of photocatalytic products and thus
contributing to a safe and clean environment.© ISO 2018 – All rights reserved v
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17168-4:2018(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for air-purification performance
of semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor
lighting environment —
Part 4:
Removal of formaldehyde
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance, with
regards to the removal of formaldehyde, of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic
films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or other
ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under illumination
from indoor light.This document is intended for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in
flat sheet, board or plate shape, which are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This
document also applies to materials in honeycomb form, and to plastic or paper materials containing
ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular
photocatalytic materials.This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This
method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials,
i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions.
2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6145-7, Gas analysis — Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods —
Part 7: Thermal mass-flow controllersISO 14605, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Light source for testing
semiconducting photocatalytic materials used under indoor lighting environmentISO 16000-3, Indoor air — Part 3: Determination of formaldehyde and other carbonyl compounds in indoor
air and test chamber air — Active sampling methodISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
ISO 17168-1, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for air
purification performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor lighting environment —
Part 1: Removal of nitric oxideISO 80000-1, Quantities and units — Part 1: General
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17168-1 apply.
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ISO 17168-4:2018(E)
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4 Symbols
f flow rate of test gas converted into that at the standard state (0 °C, 101,3 kPa)
ϕ formaldehyde volume fraction at the reactor exit (µl/l)ϕ formaldehyde volume fraction at the reactor exit under dark conditions (µl/l)
ϕ supply volume fraction of formaldehyde (µl/l)
n removal quantity, by test piece, of formaldehyde (µmol)
R removal percentage, by test piece, of formaldehyde (%)
5 Principle
This document deals with the development, comparison, quality assurance, characterization,
[1]reliability and design data generation of photocatalytic materials . The method described is intended
to obtain the air-purification performance of photocatalytic materials by exposing a test piece to
model polluted air under illumination by indoor light. Formaldehyde (HCHO) is chosen because it is a
[2]typical indoor air pollutant that causes the so-called sick building syndrome . The test piece, placed
in a flow-type photoreactor, is activated by indoor light illumination, and adsorbs and oxidizes gas-
phase formaldehyde to form carbon dioxide (CO ) and other oxidation products. The air purification
performance is determined from the amount of formaldehyde removed by the test piece (μmol). The
simple adsorption of HCHO by the test piece (not due to photocatalysis) is evaluated by tests in the dark.
However, some test pieces are very absorbent, and a stable concentration of formaldehyde may not be
attained in the designated test time. The photocatalytic activity may depend on physical and chemical
properties of pollutants, mainly due to the adsorption process involved. For a better evaluation of air
purification performance of photocatalytic materials, it is recommended that one or more suitable test
methods are combined, as provided in other parts of the ISO 17168 series.6 Apparatus
6.1 Test equipment
The test equipment enables a photocatalytic material to be examined for its pollutant-removal capability
by supplying the test gas continuously, while providing photoirradiation to activate the photocatalyst. It
is the same as that used in the test method for the removal of nitric oxide (see ISO 17168-1) and consists
of a test gas supply, a photoreactor, a light source, a UV sharp cut-off filter and pollutant measurement
equipment. Since low concentrations of pollutants are to be tested, the system shall be constructed
with materials of low absorption and resistant to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, for example acrylic resin,
stainless steel, glass and f...
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