Hard coal and coke — Determination of volatile matter

Houille et coke — Détermination des matières volatiles

Črni premog in koks - Določevanje hlapnih snovi

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Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
28-Jan-1998
Withdrawal Date
28-Jan-1998
Current Stage
9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
Completion Date
04-Jun-2010

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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 562
Second edition
1998-02-01
Hard coal and coke — Determination of
volatile matter
Houille et coke — Détermination des matières volatiles
A
Reference number
ISO 562:1998(E)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 562:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 562 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 562:1981),
which has been technically revised.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.
©  ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
©
ISO ISO 562:1998(E)
Introduction
The volatile matter is determined as the loss in mass, less that due to
moisture, when coal or coke is heated out of contact with air under
standardized conditions. The test is empirical and, in order to ensure
reproducible results, it is essential that the rate of heating, the final
temperature and the overall duration of the test are carefully controlled. It is
also essential to exclude air from the coal or coke during heating to prevent
oxidation. The fit of the crucible lid is therefore critical. The moisture
content of the sample is determined at the same time as the volatile matter
so that the appropriate correction can be made.
Mineral matter associated with the sample may also lose mass under the
conditions of the test, the magnitude of the loss being dependent on both
the nature and the quantity of the minerals present.
NOTE —  When applying this International Standard for classification purposes,
to samples obtained directly from coal seams, special care has to be given to the
ash content.
The apparatus and procedure are specified so that one or more
determinations may be performed simultaneously in the furnace.
iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  ISO ISO 562:1998(E)
Hard coal and coke — Determination of volatile matter
1  Scope
This International Standard specifies a method of determining the volatile matter of hard coal and of coke. It is not
applicable to brown coals and lignites.
2  Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 331:1983, Coal — Determination of moisture in the analysis sample — Direct gravimetric method.
ISO 687:1974, Coke — Determination of moisture in the analysis sample.
1)
ISO 11722:— , Solid mineral fuels — Hard coal — Determination of moisture in the analysis sample by drying in
nitrogen.
3  Principle
A portion of the sample is heated out of contact with air at 900 �C for 7 min. The percentage of volatile matter is
calculated from the loss in mass of the test portion after deducting the loss in mass due to moisture.
4  Reagent
Cyclohexane of recognized analytical grade.
__________
1)  To be published.
1

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
©
ISO
ISO 562:1998(E)
5  Apparatus
5.1  Furnace, heated by electricity, in which a zone of uniform temperature of 900 °C – 5 °C can be maintained. It
may be of the stop-ended type or fitted at the back with a flue approximately 25 mm diameter and 150 mm long (see
figure 1).
NOTE —  It is important for furnaces with flues that the furnace door seal well. The flue should not reach far out of the oven
and should be fitted with a butterfly valve to restrict airflow through the furnace.
Its heat capacity shall be such that, with an initial temperature of 900 °C, the temperature is regained within 4 min
after insertion of a cold stand and its crucibles. The temperature is measured with a thermocouple, as described
in 5.2.
Normally the furnace will be designed specifically either for multiple determinations using a number of crucibles in
one stand or for receiving one crucible and its stand. In the first case, the zone of uniform temperature shall be at
least 160 mm · 100 mm; in the latter case, a zone of diameter 40 mm will be sufficient.
A position for the crucible stand shall be chosen within the zone of uniform temperature and this position shall be
used for all determinations. The temperature of 900 �C shall be attained as closely as possible with a specified
tolerance of – 5 �C in order to compensate for inherent errors in the temperature measurement and lack of
uniformity in the temperature distribution.
5.2  Thermocouple, unsheathed, of wire no thicker than 1 mm. It should be long enough to reach the centre of the
underside of each crucible when placed in the zone of uniform temperature on being inserted through the front or
rear of the furnace. The thermojunction shall be placed midway between the base of the crucible in its stand and the
floor of the furnace. If the stand holds more than one crucible, the temperature under each crucible shall be checked
in the same manner.
If desired, a sheathed thermocouple may be permanently installed in the furnace (see figure 1) with its
thermojunction as close as possible to the centre of the zone of uniform temperature; in this case furnace
temperature readings shall be correlated at frequent intervals with those of the unsheathed thermocouple, which is
thus inserted only when necessary.
NOTE —  The temperature/electromotive force relationship of a thermojunction maintained at elevated temperatures gradually
changes with time.
5.3  Crucible, cylindrical, with a well-fitting lid, both of fused silica. The crucible with lid shall have a mass between
10 g and 14 g and dimensions approximating to those shown in figure 2. T
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ISO 562:2000
01-junij-2000
ýUQLSUHPRJLQNRNV'RORþHYDQMHKODSQLKVQRYL
Hard coal and coke -- Determination of volatile matter
Houille et coke -- Détermination des matières volatiles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 562:1998
ICS:
73.040 Premogi Coals
SIST ISO 562:2000 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST ISO 562:2000

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST ISO 562:2000
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 562
Second edition
1998-02-01
Hard coal and coke — Determination of
volatile matter
Houille et coke — Détermination des matières volatiles
A
Reference number
ISO 562:1998(E)

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST ISO 562:2000
ISO 562:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 562 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 562:1981),
which has been technically revised.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.
©  ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet central@iso.ch
X.400 c=ch; a=400net; p=iso; o=isocs; s=central
Printed in Switzerland
ii

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST ISO 562:2000
©
ISO ISO 562:1998(E)
Introduction
The volatile matter is determined as the loss in mass, less that due to
moisture, when coal or coke is heated out of contact with air under
standardized conditions. The test is empirical and, in order to ensure
reproducible results, it is essential that the rate of heating, the final
temperature and the overall duration of the test are carefully controlled. It is
also essential to exclude air from the coal or coke during heating to prevent
oxidation. The fit of the crucible lid is therefore critical. The moisture
content of the sample is determined at the same time as the volatile matter
so that the appropriate correction can be made.
Mineral matter associated with the sample may also lose mass under the
conditions of the test, the magnitude of the loss being dependent on both
the nature and the quantity of the minerals present.
NOTE —  When applying this International Standard for classification purposes,
to samples obtained directly from coal seams, special care has to be given to the
ash content.
The apparatus and procedure are specified so that one or more
determinations may be performed simultaneously in the furnace.
iii

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST ISO 562:2000

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST ISO 562:2000
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  ISO ISO 562:1998(E)
Hard coal and coke — Determination of volatile matter
1  Scope
This International Standard specifies a method of determining the volatile matter of hard coal and of coke. It is not
applicable to brown coals and lignites.
2  Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 331:1983, Coal — Determination of moisture in the analysis sample — Direct gravimetric method.
ISO 687:1974, Coke — Determination of moisture in the analysis sample.
1)
ISO 11722:— , Solid mineral fuels — Hard coal — Determination of moisture in the analysis sample by drying in
nitrogen.
3  Principle
A portion of the sample is heated out of contact with air at 900 �C for 7 min. The percentage of volatile matter is
calculated from the loss in mass of the test portion after deducting the loss in mass due to moisture.
4  Reagent
Cyclohexane of recognized analytical grade.
__________
1)  To be published.
1

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST ISO 562:2000
©
ISO
ISO 562:1998(E)
5  Apparatus
5.1  Furnace, heated by electricity, in which a zone of uniform temperature of 900 °C – 5 °C can be maintained. It
may be of the stop-ended type or fitted at the back with a flue approximately 25 mm diameter and 150 mm long (see
figure 1).
NOTE —  It is important for furnaces with flues that the furnace door seal well. The flue should not reach far out of the oven
and should be fitted with a butterfly valve to restrict airflow through the furnace.
Its heat capacity shall be such that, with an initial temperature of 900 °C, the temperature is regained within 4 min
after insertion of a cold stand and its crucibles. The temperature is measured with a thermocouple, as described
in 5.2.
Normally the furnace will be designed specifically either for multiple determinations using a number of crucibles in
one stand or for receiving one crucible and its stand. In the first case, the zone of uniform temperature shall be at
least 160 mm · 100 mm; in the latter case, a zone of diameter 40 mm will be sufficient.
A position for the crucible stand shall be chosen within the zone of uniform temperature and this position shall be
used for all determinations. The temperature of 900 �C shall be attained as closely as possible with a specified
tolerance of – 5 �C in order to compensate for inherent errors in the temperature measurement and lack of
uniformity in the temperature distribution.
5.2  Thermocouple, unsheathed, of wire no thicker than 1 mm. It should be long enough to reach the centre of the
underside of each crucible when placed in the zone of uniform temperature on being inserted through the front or
rear of the furnace. The thermojunction shall be placed midway between the base of the crucible in its stand and the
floor of the furnace. If the stand holds more than one crucible, the temperature under each crucible shall be checked
in the same manner.
If desired, a sheathed thermocouple may be permanently installed in the furnace (see figure 1) with its
thermojunction as close as possible to the centre of the zone of uniform temperature; in this case furnace
temperature readings shall be co
...

NORME ISO
INTERNATIONALE 562
Deuxième édition
1998-02-01
Houille et coke — Détermination
des matières volatiles
Hard coal and coke — Determination of volatile matter
A
Numéro de référence
ISO 562:1998(F)

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 562:1998(F)
Avant-propos
L'ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d'organismes nationaux de
normalisation (comités membres de l'ISO). L'élaboration des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux
comités techniques de l'ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comité
technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en
liaison avec l'ISO participent également aux travaux. L'ISO collabore étroitement avec la Commission
électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis aux comités membres pour
vote. Leur publication comme Normes internationales requiert l'approbation de 75 % au moins des comités
membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 562 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO /TC 27, Combustibles minéraux
solides, sous-comité SC 5, Méthodes d'analyse.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 562:1981), dont elle constitue une révision
technique.
L'annexe A de la présente Norme internationale est donnée uniquement à titre d'information.
©  ISO 1998
Droits de reproduction réservés. Sauf prescription différente, aucune partie de cette publication ne peut être reproduite ni utilisée sous quelque
forme que ce soit et par aucun procédé, électronique ou mécanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans l'accord écrit de l'éditeur.
Organisation internationale de normalisation
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Suisse
Internet iso@iso.ch
Imprimé en Suisse
ii

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
© ISO
ISO 562:1998(F)
Introduction
Le taux de matières volatiles est défini par la perte de masse, moins la perte due à l'humidité, lorsque la houille ou
le coke sont chauffés à l'abri de l'air, dans des conditions normalisées. L’essai est empirique et, pour obtenir des
résultats reproductibles, il est indispensable que la vitesse de chauffage, la température finale et la durée totale de
l'essai soient soigneusement respectées. Il est également essentiel d'exclure tout air de la houille ou du coke
pendant le chauffage afin d'éviter une oxydation. L'ajustement du couvercle du creuset est donc essentiel.
L'humidité de l'échantillon doit être déterminée en même temps que les matières volatiles, afin de pouvoir effectuer
la correction convenable.
La matière minérale associée à l'échantillon peut, elle aussi, perdre une partie de sa masse dans les conditions
d'essai, l'importance de la perte étant fonction tant de la nature que de la quantité des minéraux présents.
NOTE Lorsqu'on applique la présente Norme internationale à des fins de classification sur des échantillons obtenus
directement à partir de filons houillers, on accordera une attention particulière au taux de cendres.
L'appareillage et la méthode d'essai sont spécifiés de façon que l'on puisse effectuer une ou simultanément
plusieurs déterminations dans le four.
iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
NORME INTERNATIONALE  © ISO ISO 562:1998(F)
Houille et coke — Détermination des matières volatiles
1 Domaine d’application
La présente Norme internationale spécifie une méthode pour la détermination des matières volatiles de la houille et
du coke. Elle n'est pas applicable au charbon brun et au lignite.
2 Références normatives
Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositions qui, par suite de la référence qui en est faite, constituent des
dispositions valables pour la présente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publication, les éditions indiquées
étaient en vigueur. Toute norme est sujette à révision et les parties prenantes des accords fondés sur la présente
Norme internationale sont invitées à rechercher la possibilité d'appliquer les éditions les plus récentes des normes
indiquées ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur
à un moment donné.
ISO 331:1983, Charbon — Détermination de l'humidité de l'échantillon pour analyse — Méthode gravimétrique
directe.
ISO 687:1974, Coke — Détermination de l'humidité de l'échantillon pour analyse.
1)
ISO 11722 :— , Combustibles minéraux solides — Houille — Détermination de l'humidité de l'échantillon pour
analyse par dessiccation en atmosphère d'azote.
3 Principe
Une partie de l'échantillon est chauffée jusqu'à 900 °C à l'abri de l'air, durant 7 min. Le pourcentage de matières
volatiles est calculé à partir de la perte de masse de la prise d'essai, après avoir retranché la perte de masse due à
l'humidité.
4 Réactif
, de qualité analytique reconnue.
Cyclohexane
5 Appareillage
5.1  Four, chauffé à l'électricité, dans lequel on peut maintenir une zone à une température constante et uniforme
de 900 °C – 5 °C. Ce four peut être du type à extrémité fermée, ou comporter à l'arrière un départ de fumées
d'environ 25 mm de diamètre et 150 mm de longueur (voir figure 1).

1) À publier.
1

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
© ISO
ISO 562:1998(F)
NOTE Il est important, dans le cas des fours à départ de fumées, que la porte du four ferme avec une bonne étanchéité. Il
est recommandé que le départ de fumées arrive près du four et soit muni d'une vanne papillon afin de limiter le débit d'air à
travers le four.
Sa capacité calorifique doit être telle que, la température initiale étant de 900 °C, la température minimale se
rétablisse en 4 min après l'introduction d'un support froid et des creusets. La température est mesurée avec un
thermocouple tel que décrit en 5.2.
En règle générale, le four sera étudié spécialement, soit pour effectuer des déterminations multiples à l'aide de
plusieurs creusets sur un même support, soit pour recevoir un seul creuset et son support. Dans le premier cas, la
zone de température uniforme doit mesurer au moins 160 mm × 100 mm; dans le deuxième cas, une zone de
diamètre 40 mm sera suffisante.
On doit choisir un emplacement de support de creuset dans la zone de température uniforme, et adopter cet
emplacement pour toutes les déterminations. On doit atteindre aussi exactement que possible la température de
900 °C avec une tolérance spécifiée de – 5 °C afin de compenser des erreurs inhérentes aux mesurages de la
température et à la répartition non uniforme des températures.
Dimensions en millimètres
Légende
1 Chambre (largeur 200 mm)
2 Départ de fumées
3 Vanne
4 Thermocouple de vérification
5 Thermocouple
6 Zone de température uniforme
7 Système de chauffage
Figure 1 — Exemple de four approprié
2

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
© ISO
ISO 562:1998(F)
, à soudure nue, dont les conducteurs ont au plus 1 mm de diamètre. Il convient qu’il soit
5.2 Thermocouple
suffisamment long pour atteindre le centre de la face inférieure de chaque creuset, placé dans la zone de
température uniforme, lorsqu'il est inséré à travers l'avant ou l'arrière du four. La soudure doit être introduite à mi-
distance entre la base du creuset sur son support et la sole du four. Si le support porte plus d'un creuset, on doit
vérifier la température sous chaque creuset de cette même façon.
On peut éventuellement installer en permanence un thermocouple à gaine dans le four (voir figure 1), la soudure de
ce thermocouple étant aussi proche que possible du centre de la zone de température uniforme; dans ce cas, on
doit comparer fréquemment les températures mesurées dans le four avec celles du thermocouple à soudure nue,
celui-ci étant alors mis en place uniquement lorsque c'est nécessaire.
NOTE La relation température/force électromotrice d'une soudure maintenue à température élevée varie progressivement
avec le temps.
5.3  Creuset, cylindrique, muni d'un couvercle bien ajusté, tous les deux en silice fondue. Le creuset et son
couvercle doivent avoir une masse comprise entre 10 g et 14 g et avoir à peu près les dimensions indiquées sur la
figure 2. L'ajustement du couvercle sur le creuset est important pour l
...

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