ISO/IEC 29794-1:2024
(Main)Information technology — Biometric sample quality — Part 1: Framework
Information technology — Biometric sample quality — Part 1: Framework
This document establishes the following items for any or all biometric sample types as necessary: — terms and definitions that are useful in the specification and use of quality measures; — purpose and interpretation of biometric quality scores; — motivation for developing biometric sample datasets for the purpose of quality score normalization; — format for exchange of quality assessment algorithm results; — methods for aggregation of quality scores; — methods for evaluating the efficiency of quality assessment algorithms. The following are outside the scope of this document: — specification of minimum requirements for sample, module, or system quality scores; — standardization of quality assessment algorithms; — assessment of utility of biometric samples or references for human examiners.
Technologies de l'information — Qualité d'échantillon biométrique — Partie 1: Cadre
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO/IEC 29794-1
Third edition
Information technology —
2024-05
Biometric sample quality —
Part 1:
Framework
Technologies de l'information — Qualité d'échantillon
biométrique —
Partie 1: Cadre
Reference number
© ISO/IEC 2024
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© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Abbreviated terms . 4
5 Conformance . 4
6 Biometric sample quality criteria . 4
6.1 Reference model .4
6.2 Quality aspects: character, fidelity, utility .5
6.3 Use cases of data quality measures .6
6.3.1 General .6
6.3.2 Real-time quality assessment .6
6.3.3 Use in different applications .6
6.3.4 Use as a survey statistic .7
6.3.5 Accumulation of relevant statistics .7
6.3.6 Sample-based reference database improvement .7
6.3.7 Quality-based conditional processing .8
6.3.8 Quality-directed fusion .8
6.3.9 Interchange of quality measures by disparate systems .8
6.3.10 Workload reduction with quality scores .8
6.3.11 Selection of the best of a series of biometric samples .8
7 Data interchange format field definition . 8
7.1 Abstract description .8
7.1.1 Overview .8
7.1.2 Quality assessment algorithm identifier block .9
7.1.3 Quality measure (quality score or quality component) or error .9
7.2 XML encoding .11
7.3 Tagged binary encoding .11
8 Exchange of quality assessment algorithm results .12
9 Quality score normalization . .12
10 Pairwise quality .13
11 Evaluation . 14
11.1 General .14
11.2 False non-match error versus discard method .14
11.3 False match error versus discard method . 15
11.4 DET versus discard method .16
11.5 Sample acceptance or discard rate .17
Annex A (informative) Example of encoding a biometric sample quality block .18
Annex B (informative) Example of standardized exchange of quality assessment algorithm
results . 19
Annex C (informative) Procedures for aggregation of utility-based quality scores for sample-
based systems .21
Annex D (informative) Example code for computing utility-prediction performance metrics .24
Bibliography .26
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are
members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical
committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.
ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/
IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives or www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs).
ISO and IEC draw attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the
use of (a) patent(s). ISO and IEC take no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any
claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO and IEC had not
received notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers
are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents and https://patents.iec.ch. ISO and IEC shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
In the IEC, see www.iec.ch/understanding-standards.
This document was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 37, Biometrics.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO/IEC 29794-1:2016), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the definitions of “quality”, “quality score”, and “utility” have been aligned with those in
ISO/IEC 2382-37:2022;
— methods for evaluating the efficacy of quality assessment algorithms have been added;
— ASN.1 encoding as defined in ISO/IEC 39794-1 is supported.
A list of all parts in the ISO/IEC 29794 series can be found on the ISO and IEC websites.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards
body. A complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html and
www.iec.ch/national-committees.
© ISO/IEC 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
Introduction
Quality measures are useful for several applications in the field of biometrics. While ISO/IEC 19784-1
specifies a structure and gives guidelines for quality score categorization, this document defines and specifies
methodologies for objective and quantitative quality score expression, interpretation and interchange.
This document establishes a framework that facilitates the use of biometric sample quality assessment
and scoring tools. The tools are intended to encourage innovation and performance improvements in,
and interoperability of, biometric systems generally. The ISO/IEC 29794 series presents several biometric
sample quality assessment and scoring tools, the use of which is generally optional but can be determined
as mandatory by particular application profiles or specific implementations. The ISO/IEC 29794 series is
prepared to accommodate additional parts that address the biometric modes specified by the ISO/IEC 19794
series and the ISO/IEC 39794 series, with part numbers and titles aligning appropriately. However, as this
document is intended for use by all biometric modes, a mode does not necessarily need a mode-specific part
to make use of quality scores.
Several applications can benefit from the use of biometric sample quality measures. An example is the use
of real-time quality feedback as part of the biometric capture process to improve the operational efficiency
and performance of a biometric system. Other examples include data fusion for which multiple samples or
references are available in the comparison process, either from a single or multiple biometric mode, and
hardening systems against presentation attacks using or targeting low quality biometric samples. The
association of quality measures with biometric samples is an important component of quality measure
standardization. Quality fields as specified in Clause 7 are included in biometric data i
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