ISO/TR 5262:2023

Motorcycles - Guideline for verification of total running resistance force during mode running on a chassis dynamometer

This document shows the results of investigating the guideline for determining the threshold of the evaluation result on an electric inertial chassis dynamometer that electrically controls the amount of inertia using fuel consumption. This document is applicable when the running resistance force of a chassis dynamometer is set in accordance with ISO 18580.

Motocycles — Lignes directrices pour la vérification de la force totale de résistance à l'avancement durant les essais sur un banc dynamométrique en mode roulage

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Jun-2023
• ICS: 43.140 - Motorcycles and mopeds
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 38 - Motorcycles and mopeds
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 38/WG 1 - Pollution and energy
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 15-Jun-2023
• Due Date: 06-May-2023
• Completion Date: 15-Jun-2023

Overview

ISO/TR 5262:2023 - Motorcycles - Guideline for verification of total running resistance force during mode running on a chassis dynamometer - provides evidence-based guidance for establishing pass/fail thresholds when verifying the performance of an electric inertial chassis dynamometer. The technical report focuses on how changes in inertial settings and running-resistance elements affect measured fuel consumption and the evaluation items defined by ISO 18580. It is applicable when the dynamometer’s running resistance force is set in accordance with ISO 18580.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and applicability
  • Verification guidance for dynamometers that simulate inertia electrically (no mechanical flywheel), used during WMTC mode running tests.
  • Applicable when running resistance is configured per ISO 18580.
• Evaluation metrics (ISO 18580 evaluation items analyzed)
  • Correlation coefficient (γ)
  • Slope (A) and intercept (B) of the regression line between target and measured running resistance
  • Relative standard deviation (σ / cov)
  • Integral work error (e)
• Factors studied
  • Equivalent inertia (mechanical and electrical), front-wheel rolling resistance, aerodynamic (wind) loss, dead time, and rise time of the dynamometer control.
• Test methods
  • Vehicle tests using WMTC Type I cycles on representative motorcycle models (various classes, transmission types and displacements).
  • Simulation tests to assess effects of controlled dead time and rise time.
  • Fuel consumption is calculated from exhaust gas data per the method/formula provided in the report.
• Outcome
  • Relationship curves and regression analyses linking changes in fuel consumption to the ISO 18580 evaluation items, enabling guideline thresholds for pass/fail decisions.

Practical applications - who uses this standard

• Vehicle and powertrain test laboratories validating chassis dynamometer setups for motorcycle certification.
• Motorcycle manufacturers verifying dyno-based emissions and fuel-consumption test reproducibility.
• Dynamometer manufacturers implementing and validating electric inertia control algorithms and specifying permissible dead time/rise time.
• Regulatory bodies and compliance engineers establishing objective thresholds for verification under ISO 18580 and WMTC-related testing.
• R&D teams studying impacts of rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag and inertia settings on measured fuel consumption.

Related standards

• ISO 18580 - Verification of total running resistance force during mode running on a chassis dynamometer (primary normative reference).
• WMTC (Worldwide harmonized Motorcycle Test Cycle) procedures and Global Technical Regulation No. 2 (vehicle selection and test cycle relevance).

ISO/TR 5262:2023 is a practical complement to ISO 18580, helping laboratories and manufacturers interpret verification results, set defensible thresholds, and improve repeatability when using electric inertial chassis dynamometers for motorcycle testing.

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 5262
First edition
2023-06
Motorcycles — Guideline for
verification of total running resistance
force during mode running on a
chassis dynamometer
Motocycles — Lignes directrices pour la vérification de la force
totale de résistance à l'avancement durant les essais sur un banc
dynamométrique en mode roulage
Reference number
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 2
5 Evaluation method .3
5.1 Test summary . 3
5.2 Vehicle test . 4
5.2.1 Test cycles . 4
5.2.2 Warm-up condition . 4
5.2.3 Evaluation requirements . 4
5.2.4 Evaluation procedure . . 5
5.3 Simulation test . 5
5.3.1 Test cycles . 5
5.3.2 Evaluation requirements . 5
5.3.3 Evaluation procedure . . 6
6 Test result . . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Vehicle test result . 7
6.2.1 Relationship between fuel consumption and correlation coefficient of
vehicle 1,2,3 and 4 . 7
6.2.2 Relationship between fuel consumption and slope of the regression line of
vehicle 1,2,3 and 4 . 8
6.2.3 Relationship between fuel consumption and intercept of the regression
line of vehicle 1,2,3 and 4 . 9
6.2.4 Relationship between fuel consumption and relative standard deviation of
vehicle 1,2,3 and 4 . 10
6.2.5 Relationship between fuel consumption and integral work error of vehicle
1,2,3 and 4 . 11
6.3 Simulation test result . 12
6.3.1 Relationship between fuel consumption and dead time of vehicle 5 .12
6.3.2 Relationship between fuel consumption and rise time of vehicle 5 .13
7 Guideline . .15
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 38,
Motorcycles and mopeds.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
A mechanical inertia chassis dynamometer (Formula (1)) is a device with a mechanical flywheel,
whereas a chassis dynamometer (Formula (2)) using the electric inertia function is not equipped with
such a mechanical flywheel equivalent to inertia mass system and the inertia force is electrically set
in the same way of the running resistance force control (Figure 1). The inertia force is generated by
the acceleration and/or deceleration, therefore, it is necessary to check the performance of electric
inertia function during the mode running test and ISO 18580 specifies the method to verify the chassis
dynamometer operated normally.
However, ISO 18580 does not provide a threshold for the verification result, and it is difficult to
determine its validity. Therefore, we investigate the effect of factors affecting fuel consumption on
ISO 18580 verification results, and propose a technical report that shows the guideline for determining
the threshold of the verification result.
a) mechanical inertia b) electrical inertia
Key
1 dynamometer
2 tire
3 roller
4 flywheels
5 acceleration resistance
6 rolling resistance
7 aerodynamic drag resistance
NOTE The symbols are defined in Clause 4.
Figure 1 — The principle of mechanical and electrical inertia dynamometer
v
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 5262:2023(E)
Motorcycles — Guideline for verification of total running
resistance force during mode running on a chassis
dynamometer
1 Scope
This document shows the results of investigating the guideline for determining the threshold of the
evaluation result on an electric inertial chassis dynamometer that electrically controls the amount of
inertia using fuel consumption.
This document is applicable when the running resistance force of a chassis dynamometer is set in
accordance with ISO 18580.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 18580, Motorcycles — Verification of total running resistance force during mode running on a chassis
dynamometer
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 18580 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
dead time
time between the input being given and the output
Note 1 to entry: Dead time is shown in Figure 2, key 3.
3.2
rise time
time required to reach 10 %-90 % of the final output value
Note 1 to entry: Rise time is shown in Figure 2, key 4.
Key
X time [s]
Y rate [%]
1 input
2 output
3 dead time
4 rise time
Figure 2 — Image of dead time and rise time
4 Symbols
Symbol Definition Unit
A slope of the regression line —
a rolling resistance force of front wheel N
B intercept of the regression line —
b coefficient proportional to motorcycle speed N/(km/h)
c aerodynamic drag coefficient N/(km/h)
CO carbon monoxide g/km
CO carbon dioxide g/km
D gasoline density kg/l
e integral work error %
W
R rate of fuel consumption l/100 km
fc
F target total running resistance force N
tg
HC hydrocarbon g/km
mass obtained by adding the rotating mass of the front wheel
m kg
i
to the total mass of the motorcycle, rider and instruments
m equivalent inertia mass of mechanical rotating parts of chassis dynamometer kg
b
t time s
V roller rotational speed km/h
γ correlation coefficient —
σ relative standard deviation (cov: coefficient of variation) %
cov
...