ISO/TS 21256-4:2023
(Main)Fine bubble technology — Cleaning applications — Part 4: Test method for oil removal from polyester-based textile
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning applications — Part 4: Test method for oil removal from polyester-based textile
This document specifies a test method to evaluate the oil removal performance from polyester-based textile with fine bubbles.
Technologie des fines bulles — Applications de nettoyage — Partie 4: Méthode d'essai pour l'élimination de l'huile sur un tissu en polyester
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 21256-4
First edition
2023-05
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning
applications —
Part 4:
Test method for oil removal from
polyester-based textile
Technologie des fines bulles — Applications de nettoyage —
Partie 4: Méthode d'essai pour l'élimination de l'huile sur un tissu en
polyester
Reference number
ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test methods . 1
5.1 Equipment and material. 1
5.1.1 Drying Oven . 1
5.1.2 Digital electronic scale . 2
5.1.3 Dye . 2
5.1.4 Oil . 2
5.1.5 Substrate . 2
5.1.6 Micropipette . 3
5.1.7 Beaker . 3
5.1.8 Tripod stand . 3
5.1.9 Portable brightness meter . 3
5.1.10 Suspended stirring bar . 4
5.2 Procedure . 4
5.3 Oil removal determination . 5
6 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Oil removal performance comparison between tap water and fine
bubble water . 6
Bibliography .17
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21256 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
Introduction
In recent years, the market has witnessed a proliferation of new products using fine bubble technology.
In the field of textile industry, the introduction of fine bubbles can bring many interesting effects. Using
fine bubbles can increase the cleaning efficiency by removal of the residual surface oil of textile in
large-scale manufacturing in order to improve the quality of dyeing and finishing process. Especially,
polyester-based textile takes very important role in the textile industry since its outstanding features.
In addition, fine bubble washing is a physical cleaning method which can reduce the pollution of
detergent to the water environment. So, it is needed to design a general test method, for textile
manufacturers and related researchers, to evaluate the cleaning efficiency by removal of fine bubble
water on polyester-based textile.
In order to adapt to complex usage scenarios in large-scale textile manufacturing, the proposed method
uses the mass fraction of oil on polyester-based textile after and before washing to characterize the
[1]
cleaning effect, and uses ISO brightness (R457) to assist in expressing the degree of cleanliness.
To demonstrate, a lubricant, whose main composition is high molecular hydrocarbon, is used as an
identical contaminant in production, and an edible oil, whose main composition is fatty acid, is used as
an identical contaminant in daily washing. The method is simple, reproducible and highly versatile.
With this method, the oil removal ability of fine bubble water with different bubble sizes and
concentrations can be compared. Furthermore, it will further promote the civil and industrial
application of oil removal from textile of fine bubbles, for example, washing during fabric recycling
process or cleaning with less detergent.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning applications —
Part 4:
Test method for oil removal from polyester-based textile
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method to evaluate the oil removal performance from polyester-based
textile with fine bubbles.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
In the textile industry, various types of manufacturing machines use different kinds of oils, surfactants
and detergents. During the production either the oils are coated over the whole surface of the strings
uniformly or the whole surface of the textile in different processes. To test the removal ability, identical
samples should be used, e.g. always to use polyester-based textile, for better comparative consistency
in the method.
The test method consists in determining the mass fraction of oil on a textile sample before and after
cleaning. A weighed polluted sample is soaked in the circulated bubble water. To evaluate the degree of
cleanliness, the mass fraction of residual oil on the sample is determined, and the brightness according
[1],[2]
to ISO is also evaluated.
5 Test methods
5.1 Equipment and material
5.1.1 Drying Oven
Figure 1 shows the drying oven’s appearance. The power is 4 kW, and the working temperature range is
approximately +10 °C to 250 °C with ±1 °C accuracy.
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
Figure 1 — Drying oven
5.1.2 Digital electronic scale
Figure 2 shows the digital electronic scale used in this test, whose maximum range is 220 g and
resolution is 0,001 g.
Figure 2 — Digital electronic scale
5.1.3 Dye
Sudan Red III (C H N O), AR.
22 16 4
5.1.4 Oil
Lubricant, whose main composition is high molecular hydrocarbon, and edible oil, whose main
composition is fatty acid. The two typical kinds of oils are described in Annex A.
5.1.5 Substrate
The polyester-based textiles, such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polybutylene terephthalate
(PBT) and Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) are used as substrates. The ability of oil removing
depends on all of their characteristics, i.e. weaving types of manufacturing, the diameter of thread.
Therefore, the specification of the textile characteristics should be clarified in detail for cleaning
2
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
applications to obtain the repeatability of the experiments. Annex A describes an example of oil removal
performance comparison between tap water and fine bubble water, in which the substrate is clearly
described.
5.1.6 Micropipette
Figure 3 shows the micropipette used in this test, whose resolution is 0,01 ml.
Figure 3 — Micropipette
5.1.7 Beaker
250 ml and 2 000 ml.
5.1.8 Tripod stand
Load polyester-based textile pieces at the tripod stand presented in Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Tripod stand
5.1.9 Portable brightness meter
The portable brightness meter used in this test is shown in Figure 5, which resolution is 0,1 %.
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/TS 21256-4:2023(E)
Figure 5 — Portable brightness meter
5.1.10 Suspended stirring bar
The suspended stirring bar as shown in Figure 6 is used to reduce the influence of uneven flow on the
performance of oil removal.
Figure 6 — Suspended stirring bar
The test method allows to use other equipment or materials different from those specified in 5.1,
provided their technical characteristics are satisfying and not inferior to those described and specified
in 5.1.
5.2 Procedure
— Fully dry the sample to minimize the moisture content.
— Weigh the dried sample within 30 s to avoid the influence of environmental humidity as the initial
mass of textile.
— Dye the oil with Sudan Red III.
— Contaminate the sample with specific amount of coloured oil and weigh out the net weight of oil.
— Allow the coloured oil to spread for better stability.
[1]
— Test the ISO brightness (R457) as the initial brightness of textile.
— Preset a water flow rate to 2 l/min, allow the test water to overflow out o
...
ISO/DTS 21256-4: ####(X2023(E)
ISO TC 281/WG 3
Date: YYYY-MM-DD2023-02-02
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning applications — Part 4: Test method for oil removal from
polyester -based textile
WD stage
Warning for WDs and CDs
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to
change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of
which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
A model manuscript of a draft International Standard (known as “The Rice Model”) is available at
https://www.iso.org/iso/model_document-rice_model.pdf
© ISO #### – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
© ISO 2021
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4: #### (X2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part
of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written
permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
4 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
iv © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4: #### (X2023(E)
Contents
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test methods . 1
5.1 Equipment and material . 1
5.1.1 Drying Oven . 1
5.1.2 Digital electronic scale . 2
5.1.3 Dye . 2
5.1.4 Oil . 2
5.1.5 Substrate . 2
5.1.6 Micropipette . 2
5.1.7 Beaker . 3
5.1.8 Tripod stand . 3
5.1.9 Portable brightness meter . 3
5.1.10 Suspended stirring bar . 3
5.2 Procedure . 4
5.3 Oil removal determination . 4
6 Test report . 4
Annex A (informative) Oil removal performance comparison between tap water and fine
bubble water . 6
Bibliography . 16
© ISO #### – All rights reserved 5
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved v
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4: #### (X2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology, Working
Group WG3, [Fine bubble application].
This the first/ edition (ISO #####:####), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx
A list of all parts in the ISO 21256 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
6 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
vi © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4: #### (X2023(E)
Introduction
In recent years, the market has witnessed a proliferation of new products using fine bubble technology.
In the field of textile industry, the introduction of fine bubbles can bring many interesting effects. Using
fine bubbles can increase the cleaning efficiency by removal of the residual surface oil of textile in large-
scale manufacturing in order to improve the quality of dyeing and finishing process. Especially, polyester
-based textile takes very important role in the textile industry since its outstanding features. In addition,
fine bubble washing is a physical cleaning method which can reduce the pollution of detergent to the
water environment. So, it is needed to design a general test method, for textile manufacturers and related
researchers, to evaluate the cleaning efficiency by removal of fine bubble water on polyester -based
textile.
In order to adapt to complex usage scenarios in large-scale textile manufacturing, the proposed method
uses the mass fraction of oil on polyester -based textile after and before washing to characterize the
[1]
cleaning effect, and uses ISO brightness (R457)) to assist in expressing the degree of cleanliness. To
demonstrate, a lubricant (The, whose main composition is high molecular hydrocarbon), is used as an
identical contaminant in production, and an edible oil (The, whose main composition is fatty acid), is used
as an identical contaminant in daily washing. The method is simple, reproducible and highly versatile.
With this method, the oil removal ability of fine bubble water with different bubble sizes and
concentrations can be compared. Furthermore, it will further promote the civil and industrial application
of oil removal from textile of fine bubbles. For, for example, washing during fabric recycling process or
cleaning with less detergent.
© ISO #### – All rights reserved 7
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved vii
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Fine bubble technology — cleaning applications — Part 4: Test
method for oil removal from polyester -based textile
1 Scope
This doucumentdocument specifies a test method to evaluate the oil removal performance from polyester
-based textile with fine bubbles.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 20480-1, Fine bubble technology — Part 3: General principles for usage and measurement of fine
bubbles — Part 1: Terminology.
ISO 139, Textiles — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing.
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Principle
In the textile industry, various types of manufacturing machines use different kinds of oils, surfactants
and detergents. During the production either the oils are coated over the whole surface of the strings
uniformly or the whole surface of the textile in different processes. To test the removal ability, identical
samples should be used, e.g.,. always to use polyester -based textile, for better comparative consistency
in the method.
The test method consists in determining the mass fraction of oil on a textile sample before and after
cleaning. A weighed polluted sample is soaked in the circulated bubble water. To evaluate the degree of
cleanliness, the mass fraction of residual oil on the sample is determined, and the brightness according
[1],[2]
to ISO is also evaluated.
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 1
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
5 Test methods
5.1 Equipment and material
5.1.1 Drying Oven
Figure 1 shows the drying oven’s appearance. The power is 4 kW, and the working temperature
Rangerange is approximately +10~ °C to 250℃ °C with ±1℃ °C accuracy.
Figure 1 — Drying oven
5.1.2 Digital electronic scale
Figure 2 shows the digital electronic scale used in this test, whose Maximummaximum range is 220 g
and resolution is 0.,001 g.
2 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
2 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Figure 2 — Digital electronic scale
5.1.3 Dye
Sudan Red ⅢIII (C H N O), AR.
22 16 4
5.1.4 Oil
Lubricant (The, whose main composition is high molecular hydrocarbon), and edible oil (The, whose
main composition is fatty acid). Two. The two typical kinds of oils are described in Annex A.
5.1.5 Substrate
The polyester -based textiles, such as PET (Polyethylene terephthalate), PBT ( (PET), Polybutylene
terephthalate), PTT ( (PBT) and Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) are used as substrates. The ability
© ISO #### – All rights reserved 3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 3
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
of oil removing depends on all of their characteristics, i.e. weaving types of manufacturing, the diameter
of thread. Therefore, the specification of the textile characteristics should be clarified in detailsdetail for
cleaning applications to obtain the repeatability of the experiments. Annex A describes an example of oil
removal performance comparison between tap water and fine bubble water, in which the substrate is
clearly described.
5.1.6 Micropipette
Figure 3 shows the micropipette used in this test, whose resolution is 0.,01 mL ml.
Figure 3 — Micropipette
5.1.7 Beaker
250 mL ml and 2000 mL2 000 ml.
5.1.8 Tripod stand
Load polyester -based textile pieces at the tripod stand presented in Figure 4.
4 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
4 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Figure 4 — Tripod stand
5.1.9 Portable brightness meter
The portable brightness meter used in this test is shown in Figure 5, which resolution is 0.,1 %.
Figure 5 — Portable brightness meter
5.1.10 Suspended stirring bar
The suspended stirring bar as is shown in Figure 6 is used to reduce the influence of uneven flow on the
performance of oil removal.
© ISO #### – All rights reserved 5
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 5
---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Figure 6 — Suspended stirring bar
The test method allows to use the other equipment or materials different from those specified in clause
5.1, that are satisfied or not inferior inprovided their technical characteristics are satisfying and not
inferior to describethose described and specified in the clause 5.1.
5.2 Procedure
a. — Fully dry the sample to minimize the moisture content.
b. — Weigh the dried sample within 30 s to avoid the influence of environmental humidity as the
initial mass of textile.
c. — Dye the oil with Sudan Red Ⅲ. III.
d. — Contaminate the sample with specific amount of coloured oil and weigh out the net weight of oil.
e. — Allow the coloured oil to spread for better stability.
[ [1-2]
f. — Test the ISO brightness (R457) ) as the initial brightness of textile.
g. — Preset a water flow rate to 2 L l/min, allow the test water to overflow out of a 2000 mL2 000 ml
container.
h. — Soak the sample. The sample is fixed at the centre of the water diffuser in a container. The
duration of soaking is 5 min.
i. — Fully dry the sample to minimize the moisture content.
6 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
6 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
j. — Weigh the dried sample within 30 s as the weight of the textile sample after soaking and drying.
k.— Test the ISO brightness (R457) as the brightness of the textile sample after soaking and drying.
5.3 Oil removal determination
The oil removal rate, R is calculated by the following equation:Formula (1):
m +−m m
𝑚𝑚+𝑚𝑚 −𝑚𝑚
t o 𝑤𝑤 to w
𝑅𝑅= R= (1)
𝑚𝑚
o
m
o
where
m is the initial mass of textile sample after drying;
t
m is the net weight of polluted oil;
o
mw is the weight of the textile sample after soaking and drying.
6 Test report
The test report should include at least the following information:
A. Date
Ambienta) the sample;
b) a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 21256-4:2023;
c) the test date;
B. d) the ambient temperature
Ambient and humidity of the test facility;
C. Water temperature
D. Soil properties
E.1 Oil type
E.2 Dyeing Ratio
E. Textile type
F. Fine bubble property
G.1 Liquid property
G.2 Air property
G.3 Additives
G.4 Average e) fine bubble concentration and sizeproperty;
© ISO #### – All rights reserved 7
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 7
---------------------- Page: 13 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Testf) the test conditions:
1) the flow rate of cleaning liquid;
2) dyeing ratio;
g) the test result:
H.1 Number) number of repetitions;
H.2 Initial) initial mass of textile sample before soiling after drying.;
H.3 Mass) mass of oil. ;
H.4 Mass) mass of the textile sample after soaking and drying.;
H.5 Oil) oil stain removal rate;
H.6 Brightness
6) brightness;
h) any deviations from the procedure;
i) any unusual features observed.
8 © ISO #### – All rights reserved
8 © ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 14 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Oil removal performance comparison between tap water and fine bubble
water
A.1 A.1 Fine bubble generating system
Check valve
Filter
Intake valve
Venturi tube
Bubble
Pressure
limiting valves
Diaphragm pump
Mixing tank
Pre-filter
Key
1 filter
2 intake valve
3 check valve
4 pre-filter
5 pressure limiting valves
© ISO #### – All rights reserved 9
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved 9
---------------------- Page: 15 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
6 venturi tube
7 diaphragm pump
8 mixing tank
9 bubble
Figure A.1— — Fine bubble system
In this example, the fine bubble generating system is a water purifier, MRC1880-500G manufactured by
Midea, with a fine bubble func
...
FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTS
DRAFT
SPECIFICATION 21256-4
ISO/TC 281
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning
Secretariat: JISC
applications —
Voting begins on:
2023-02-16
Part 4:
Voting terminates on:
Test method for oil removal from
2023-04-13
polyester-based textile
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
FINAL
TECHNICAL ISO/DTS
DRAFT
SPECIFICATION 21256-4
ISO/TC 281
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning
Secretariat: JISC
applications —
Voting begins on:
Part 4:
Voting terminates on:
Test method for oil removal from
polyester-based textile
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test methods . 1
5.1 Equipment and material. 1
5.1.1 Drying Oven . 1
5.1.2 Digital electronic scale . 2
5.1.3 Dye . 2
5.1.4 Oil . 2
5.1.5 Substrate . 2
5.1.6 Micropipette . 3
5.1.7 Beaker . 3
5.1.8 Tripod stand . 3
5.1.9 Portable brightness meter . 3
5.1.10 Suspended stirring bar . 4
5.2 Procedure . 4
5.3 Oil removal determination . 5
6 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Oil removal performance comparison between tap water and fine
bubble water . 6
Bibliography .17
iii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 281, Fine bubble technology.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21256 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Introduction
In recent years, the market has witnessed a proliferation of new products using fine bubble technology.
In the field of textile industry, the introduction of fine bubbles can bring many interesting effects. Using
fine bubbles can increase the cleaning efficiency by removal of the residual surface oil of textile in
large-scale manufacturing in order to improve the quality of dyeing and finishing process. Especially,
polyester-based textile takes very important role in the textile industry since its outstanding features.
In addition, fine bubble washing is a physical cleaning method which can reduce the pollution of
detergent to the water environment. So, it is needed to design a general test method, for textile
manufacturers and related researchers, to evaluate the cleaning efficiency by removal of fine bubble
water on polyester-based textile.
In order to adapt to complex usage scenarios in large-scale textile manufacturing, the proposed method
uses the mass fraction of oil on polyester-based textile after and before washing to characterize the
[1]
cleaning effect, and uses ISO brightness (R457) to assist in expressing the degree of cleanliness.
To demonstrate, a lubricant, whose main composition is high molecular hydrocarbon, is used as an
identical contaminant in production, and an edible oil, whose main composition is fatty acid, is used as
an identical contaminant in daily washing. The method is simple, reproducible and highly versatile.
With this method, the oil removal ability of fine bubble water with different bubble sizes and
concentrations can be compared. Furthermore, it will further promote the civil and industrial
application of oil removal from textile of fine bubbles, for example, washing during fabric recycling
process or cleaning with less detergent.
v
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Fine bubble technology — Cleaning applications —
Part 4:
Test method for oil removal from polyester-based textile
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method to evaluate the oil removal performance from polyester-based
textile with fine bubbles.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
In the textile industry, various types of manufacturing machines use different kinds of oils, surfactants
and detergents. During the production either the oils are coated over the whole surface of the strings
uniformly or the whole surface of the textile in different processes. To test the removal ability, identical
samples should be used, e.g. always to use polyester-based textile, for better comparative consistency
in the method.
The test method consists in determining the mass fraction of oil on a textile sample before and after
cleaning. A weighed polluted sample is soaked in the circulated bubble water. To evaluate the degree of
cleanliness, the mass fraction of residual oil on the sample is determined, and the brightness according
[1],[2]
to ISO is also evaluated.
5 Test methods
5.1 Equipment and material
5.1.1 Drying Oven
Figure 1 shows the drying oven’s appearance. The power is 4 kW, and the working temperature range is
approximately +10 °C to 250 °C with ±1 °C accuracy.
1
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Figure 1 — Drying oven
5.1.2 Digital electronic scale
Figure 2 shows the digital electronic scale used in this test, whose maximum range is 220 g and
resolution is 0,001 g.
Figure 2 — Digital electronic scale
5.1.3 Dye
Sudan Red III (C H N O), AR.
22 16 4
5.1.4 Oil
Lubricant, whose main composition is high molecular hydrocarbon, and edible oil, whose main
composition is fatty acid. The two typical kinds of oils are described in Annex A.
5.1.5 Substrate
The polyester-based textiles, such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polybutylene terephthalate
(PBT) and Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) are used as substrates. The ability of oil removing
depends on all of their characteristics, i.e. weaving types of manufacturing, the diameter of thread.
Therefore, the specification of the textile characteristics should be clarified in detail for cleaning
2
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
applications to obtain the repeatability of the experiments. Annex A describes an example of oil removal
performance comparison between tap water and fine bubble water, in which the substrate is clearly
described.
5.1.6 Micropipette
Figure 3 shows the micropipette used in this test, whose resolution is 0,01 ml.
Figure 3 — Micropipette
5.1.7 Beaker
250 ml and 2 000 ml.
5.1.8 Tripod stand
Load polyester-based textile pieces at the tripod stand presented in Figure 4.
Figure 4 — Tripod stand
5.1.9 Portable brightness meter
The portable brightness meter used in this test is shown in Figure 5, which resolution is 0,1 %.
3
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO/DTS 21256-4:2023(E)
Figure 5 — Portable brightness meter
5.1.10 Suspended stirring bar
The suspended stirring bar as shown in Figure 6 is used to reduce the influence of uneven flow on the
performance of oil removal.
Figure 6 — Suspended stirring bar
The test method allows to use other equipment or materials different from those specified in 5.1,
provided their technical characteristics are sati
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.