ISO 20819-2:2023

Plastics — Wood-plastic recycled composites (WPRC) — Part 2: Test methods

This document defines the test methods for fundamental physical properties and durability required for wood-plastic recycled composites (hereinafter called WPRC) stipulated in ISO 20819-1.

Plastiques — Composites recyclés bois-plastique (WPRC) — Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Feb-2023
• ICS: 83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 11 - Products
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 11/WG 11 - Wood-plastic composites
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 09-Feb-2023
• Due Date: 16-Jun-2023
• Completion Date: 09-Feb-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 20819-2
First edition
2023-02
Plastics — Wood-plastic recycled
composites (WPRC) —
Part 2:
Test methods
Plastiques — Composites recyclés bois-plastique (WPRC) —
Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai
Reference number
ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023

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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Quality . 2
4.1 Appearance . 2
4.2 Basic physical properties and durability . 2
5 Test method . 4
5.1 Sampling of test specimens . 4
5.2 Appearance tests . 8
5.3 Basic physical property tests and Durability tests . 8
6 Reports .17
Annex A (informative) Guide for standard of material performance .18
iii
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC11, Products.
A list of all parts in the ISO 20819 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
Introduction
Wood-plastic composites (WPC) are composites of natural fibres such as wood and various plastics.
ISO 16616 has been established as the ISO for such products. WPC is commonly used for exterior
materials such as wood decks and louvers, and interior materials such as doors and flooring.
To protect the global environment, it is required to promote the recycling of plastics. WPCs that use
such recycled plastics are called wood-plastic recycled composites (WPRC). The quality of recycled
plastics such as WPRC is lower than that of virgin plastics, and there are concerns about the inclusion of
harmful substances, which may make consumers hesitant when choosing WPRC using recycled plastics.
On the other hand, it is also necessary to provide appropriate information to consumers who want to
purchase environmental-friendly products with a higher recycling rate.
ISO 20819-1 is a calculation method of recycling ratio, labelling, and safety test. Safety testing for
hazardous substances is necessary to dispel consumer concerns about contamination with hazardous
substances when using recycled materials. ISO 20819-2 provides a test method for product durability
that is expected when recycled plastic is used. There has never been an ISO standard that specializes in
using recycled plastics in this way. It also stipulates test methods for cellular products not mentioned
in ISO 16616.
This document has been established so that consumers' anxiety can be reduced by conducting the tests
specified in this document, and environmental-friendly and safe products using recycled plastic can be
selected.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
Plastics — Wood-plastic recycled composites (WPRC) —
Part 2:
Test methods
1 Scope
This document defines the test methods for fundamental physical properties and durability required
for wood-plastic recycled composites (hereinafter called WPRC) stipulated in ISO 20819-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 75-2, Plastics — Determination of temperature of deflection under load — Part 2: Plastics and ebonite
ISO 178, Plastics — Determination of flexural properties
ISO 179-1, Plastics — Determination of Charpy impact properties — Part 1: Non-instrumented impact test
ISO 472, Plastics — Vocabulary
ISO 4892-2, Plastics — Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources — Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 16616:2015, Test methods for natural fibre-reinforced plastic composite (NFC) deck boards
ISO 20819-1:2020, Plastics — Wood-plastic recycled composites (WPRC) — Part 1: Specification
EN 15534-1, Composites made from cellulose-based materials and thermoplastics(usually called wood-
polymer composites(WPC) or natural fibre composites(NFC))-Part1: Test methods for characterisation of
compounds and products
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 472 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
wood-plastic recycled composites
WPRC
mixture of woody material/natural fibre and thermoplastics, composited by means of plastic moulding
and containing recycled material as raw material forming at least 40 % of the total.
[SOURCE: ISO20819- 1: 2020, 3.1]
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
3.2
non-foaming material
wood-plastic recycled composites that do not contain internal air voids.
Note 1 to entry: Non-foaming materials include solid products, hollow products, and products with multilayer
formation consisting of different constituents inside and outside.
[SOURCE: ISO20819 -1: 2020, 3.6 — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.3
cellular material
wood-plastic recycled composites containing internal air voids scattered primarily for the purpose of
weight reduction.
Note 1 to entry: Cellular material can include material integrated with a non-foaming material using methods
such as multilayer moulding.
[SOURCE: ISO20819- 1: 2020, 3.7]
4 Quality
4.1 Appearance
The appearance of WPRC shall conform with the requirements in Table 1.
Table 1 — Appearance
Defect types Judgment
a c
Dirtiness and flaws Should be free from remarkably conspicuous defects.
c
Warps and twists Should be free from remarkably conspicuous defects.
b c
Mixture of foreign matter Should be free from remarkably conspicuous defects.
Chipping, cracks, breakage, and through-cracks Should not be allowed.
a
Influences of raw materials are not included.
b
Foreign matter shall mean substances other than raw materials.
c
Subject to consultation between the partners.
4.2 Basic physical properties and durability
When the basic physical properties and durability tests of WPRC are conducted according to 5.3, the
performance of the basic physical properties for non-foaming material and cellular material shall
be in accordance with Table 2 and Table 3. Durability performance should be in accordance with the
consultation between partners.
Note Guide for standard of performance value is described in Annex A.
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
Table 2 — Material performance of basic properties
Performance item Test methods Unit Performance
value
Test Non- Cellular Measurement
clause foaming materials
materials
3 a
Density 5.3 a) Method A — — g/cm
a
Method B —
a
Water Water 5.3 b) Method A — %
absorption absorption
properties
a
Length 5.3 b) Method A — %
change rate
a
Strength Flexural 5.3 c) Method A — Flexural stress MPa
properties with cut-out test
specimens
a
Method B Flexural stress MPa
with actual size
test specimens
2 a
Impact 5.3 d) Method A — Impact strength kJ/m
resistance with cut-out test
specimens
a
Method B Impact resistance —
with actual size
test specimens
a
Method C Impact resistance —
with actual size
test specimens
a
Thermal properties 5.3 e) Method A — Temperature of °C
deflection under
load
b a
Method B Residual ratio of %
thermal flexural
stress
a
Subject to the standard of each country.
b
Excluding non-foaming hollow products.
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
Table 3 — Material performance of durability
Performance item Test methods Unit Perfor-
mance
Test Non- Cellular Measurement
value
clause foaming materials
materials
a
Weather- Flexural 5.3 f) Method A — Change rate of flexural stress %
ability properties after weathering test
after
c a
Method B Change rate of flexural stress %
weathering
after weathering test
test
a
Heat aging Flexural 5.3 g) Method A — Change rate of flexural stress %
resistance properties after heat aging test
after heat
a
Method B Change rate of flexural stress %
aging tests
after heat aging test
a
Impact 5.3 h) Method A — Change rate of impact %
resistance strength after heat aging test
after heat
a
Method B Impact resistance with actual —
aging test
size test specimens after heat
aging test
a
Method C Impact resistance with actual —
size test specimens after heat
aging test
a
Thermal Flexural 5.3 i) Method A — Change rate of flexural stress %
shock properties after thermal cycling test
resistance after thermal
a
Method B Change rate of flexural stress %
cycling test
after thermal cycling test
a
Impact 5.3 j) Method A — Change rate of impact %
resistance strength after thermal cy-
after thermal cling test
cycling test
a
Method B Impact resistance with actual —
size test specimens after
thermal cycling test
a
Method C Impact resistance with actual —
size test specimens after
thermal cycling test
a
Subject to consultation between partners.
5 Test method
5.1 Sampling of test specimens
The collection method, dimensions, and number of test specimens for non-foaming material and cellular
material are shown in Table 4 and Table 5.
Test specimens for hollow products with non-foaming material shall be collected from the surface of
hollow products, except for test items of the water absorption property and actual size test specimens.
Test specimens for cellular material shall not be collected from the vicinity of both ends of the product
in the width direction.
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
Table 4 — Collection method, dimensions, and number of test specimens of basic physical
properties
Performance item Test methods Test Dimensions of test Number of
specimens specimens test
Test Non- Cellular
collection specimens
clause foaming materials
method
materials
Density 5.3 a) Method A — s l : 20 mm 3
w : 20 mm
t : 5 mm or more
Method B p l : 20 mm 3
w: Product width or
150 mm
t : Product thickness
Water Water 5.3 b) Method A p l : 100 mm 3
absorption absorption
w : Product width
properties
t : Product thickness
Length change 5.3 b) Method A p l : 100 mm 3
rate
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
Strength Flexural 5.3 c) Method A — s-1 l : 80 mm 3
properties
w : 10 mm
t : 4 mm
Method B p l : Twenty times the 3
thickness
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
Impact 5.3 d) Method A — s-1 l : 80 mm 5
resistance
w : 10 mm
t : 4 mm
Method B p l : The length of the 3
support span in a real
structure plus 100 mm
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
Method C p l : More than the support 3
span for the con-
struction procedure
specified by the manu-
facturer
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
s : Collection from the product surface
s-1 : Collection from the product surface, and surface shall be smoothed. If the product is a two-layer moulding and the test
specimen is thicker than the thickness required for the test, it shall be shaved to the same thickness as its layer thickness ratio.
p : Collection from the product
l : Length
w : Width
t : Thickness
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
TTabablele 4 4 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Performance item Test methods Test Dimensions of test Number of
specimens specimens test
Test Non- Cellular
collection specimens
clause foaming materials
method
materials
Thermal properties 5.3 e) Method A — s-1 l : 80 mm 3
w : 10 mm
t : 4 mm
Method B s-1 l : 200 mm 3 for each
tempera-
w : 15 mm
ture
t : 10 mm
s : Collection from the product surface
s-1 : Collection from the product surface, and surface shall be smoothed. If the product is a two-layer moulding and the test
specimen is thicker than the thickness required for the test, it shall be shaved to the same thickness as its layer thickness ratio.
p : Collection from the product
l : Length
w : Width
t : Thickness
Table 5 — Collection method, dimensions and number of test specimens of durability
Performance item Test methods Test Dimensions of test Number
specimens specimens of test
Test Non- Cellular
collection speci-
clause foaming materials
method mens
materials
Weather- Flexural 5.3 f) Method A — s-1 l : 80 mm E3
ability properties
w : 10 mm
after
weathering t : 4 mm
test
Method B s-1 l : 200 mm E3
w : 15 mm
t : 10 mm
s : Collection from product surface
s-1 : Collection from product surface, and surface shall be smoothed. If the product is a two-layer moulding and the test
specimen is thicker than the thickness required for the test, it shall be shaved to the same thickness as its layer thickness
ratio.
p : Collection from product
l : Length
w : Width
t : Thickness
E3 : Each 3 test specimens with, without durability test
E5 : Each 5 test specimens with, without durability test
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
TTabablele 5 5 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Performance item Test methods Test Dimensions of test Number
specimens specimens of test
Test Non- Cellular
collection speci-
clause foaming materials
method mens
materials
Heat aging Flexural 5.3 g) Method A — s-1 l : 80 mm E3
resistance properties
w : 10 mm
after heat
aging test t : 4 mm
Method B p l : Twenty times the E3
thickness
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
Impact 5.3 h) Method A — s-1 l : 80 mm E5
resistance
w : 10 mm
after heat
aging t : 4 mm
Method B p l : The length of the E3
support span in a
real structure plus
100 mm
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
Method C p l : More than the E3
support span for the
construction pro-
cedure specified by
the manufacturer
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
s : Collection from product surface
s-1 : Collection from product surface, and surface shall be smoothed. If the product is a two-layer moulding and the test
specimen is thicker than the thickness required for the test, it shall be shaved to the same thickness as its layer thickness
ratio.
p : Collection from product
l : Length
w : Width
t : Thickness
E3 : Each 3 test specimens with, without durability test
E5 : Each 5 test specimens with, without durability test
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ISO 20819-2:2023(E)
TTabablele 5 5 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Performance item Test methods Test Dimensions of test Number
specimens specimens of test
Test Non- Cellular
collection speci-
clause foaming materials
method mens
materials
Thermal Flexural 5.3 i) Method A — s-1 l : 80 mm E3
shock properties
w : 10 mm
resistance after thermal
cycling test t : 4 mm
Method B p l : Twenty times the E3
thickness
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
Impact 5.3 j) Method A — s-1 l : 80 mm E5
resistance
w : 10 mm
after thermal
cycling test t : 4 mm
Method B p l : The length of the E3
support span in a
real structure plus
100 mm
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
Method C p l : More than the E3
support span for the
construction pro-
cedure specified by
the manufacturer
w : Product width
t : Product thickness
s : Collection from product surface
s-1 : Collection from product surface, and surface shall be smoothed. If the product is a two-layer moulding and the test
specimen is thicker than the thickness required for the test, it shall be shaved to the same thickness as its layer thickness
ratio.
p : Collection from product
l : Length
w : Width
t : Thickness
E3 : Each 3 test specimens with, without durability test
E5 : Each 5 test specimens with, without durability test
5.2 Appearance tests
Appearance tests shall be conducted visually using normal or corrected vision.
5.3 Basic physical property tests and Durability tests
Tests of the basic physical properties and tests of durability for WPRC shall be as follows.
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant test method, the test specimens shall be conditioned during
at least 72 h in the standard atmosphere 23/50 according to ISO 291 [(23 ± 2) °C, (50 ± 10) % RH].
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