ISO 21925-2:2021
(Main)Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution systems — Part 2: Intumescent dampers
Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution systems — Part 2: Intumescent dampers
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the resistance of fire dampers to heat, and for the evaluation of their ability to prevent fire and smoke from spreading from one fire compartment to another through an air distribution system. This document describes the test requirements related to intumescent fire dampers. It is intended for intumescent fire dampers that are expected to be classified as EI dampers. Without the addition of a mechanical damper, they are unable to achieve the “S” classification, which includes a leakage limit imposed at ambient temperature. This document is not intended to be used for dampers used only in smoke control systems, for testing fire protection devices which only deal with air transfer applications, or for dampers used in suspended ceilings, as the installation of the damper and duct can have an adverse effect on the performance of the suspended ceiling, requiring other methods of evaluation. NOTE "Air transfer" is a low-pressure application through a fire separation door (or wall, floor) without any connection to an air duct.
Essais de résistance au feu — Clapets résistant au feu pour des systèmes de distribution d’air — Partie 2: Clapets intumescents
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21925-2
First edition
2021-06
Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers
for air distribution systems —
Part 2:
Intumescent dampers
Essais de résistance au feu — Clapets résistant au feu pour des
systèmes de distribution d’air —
Partie 2: Clapets intumescents
Reference number
©
ISO 2021
© ISO 2021
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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principles of the test . 2
5 Apparatus . 3
6 Test construction .12
6.1 General .12
6.1.1 Introduction .12
6.1.2 Side to be tested.13
6.1.3 Dampers installed in both walls and floors .13
6.1.4 Dampers installed within a structural opening .13
6.1.5 Dampers mounted onto face of wall or floor .13
6.1.6 Dampers remote from wall or floor .13
6.1.7 Minimum separation between dampers .13
6.2 Size of specimen .13
6.3 Specimen installation .15
6.4 Supporting construction .15
6.4.1 Principles .15
6.4.2 Recommended supporting constructions .16
6.5 Conditioning .17
7 Determination of leakage of connecting duct and measuring station.17
8 Opening and closing cycles .17
9 Fire test .18
10 Classification and criteria .19
10.1 General .19
10.2 Number of tests required .19
11 Test report .20
12 Direct field of application of the test results .21
12.1 Size of fire damper .21
12.2 Fire dampers installed within structural openings .21
12.3 Fire dampers mounted onto the face of a wall .21
12.4 Fire dampers remote from a wall or floor .21
12.5 Separation between fire dampers and between fire dampers and construction
elements .22
12.6 Supporting constructions .22
Annex A (normative) Durability .23
Annex B (informative) Test apparatus .24
Annex C (informative) Reaction to fire tests — Intumescent materials .26
Annex D (informative) The use and application of intumescent fire dampers in ducted air
distribution systems .37
Bibliography .44
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
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expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire Safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
A list of all parts in the ISO 21925 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21925-2:2021(E)
Fire resistance tests — Fire dampers for air distribution
systems —
Part 2:
Intumescent dampers
WARNING — For suitable health precautions to be taken, attention is drawn to the possibility
that toxic or harmful gases can be released while the test is being conducted.
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination of the resistance of fire dampers to
heat, and for the evaluation of their ability to prevent fire and smoke from spreading from one fire
compartment to another through an air distribution system.
This document describes the test requirements related to intumescent fire dampers. It is intended for
intumescent fire dampers that are expected to be classified as EI dampers. Without the addition of a
mechanical damper, they are unable to achieve the “S” classification, which includes a leakage limit
imposed at ambient temperature.
This document is not intended to be used for dampers used only in smoke control systems, for testing
fire protection devices which only deal with air transfer applications, or for dampers used in suspended
ceilings, as the installation of the damper and duct can have an adverse effect on the performance of the
suspended ceiling, requiring other methods of evaluation.
NOTE "Air transfer" is a low-pressure application through a fire separation door (or wall, floor) without any
connection to an air duct.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834-1, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 5167-1, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-
section conduits running full — Part 1: General principles and requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
test construction
complete test assembly, consisting of the separating element (3.3), damper and duct sections and
penetration seals (if any)
3.2
supporting construction
wall, partition or floor into which the damper and duct section are installed for the test
3.3
separating element
wall, partition or floor into which the damper and duct are installed in the building
3.4
connecting duct
duct section between the damper or separating element (3.3) and the measuring station (3.5)
3.5
measuring station
equipment consisting of pipe system with an orifice plate or venturi and an air flow straightener (if
required), installed between the connecting duct (3.4) and the exhaust equipment (3.6) to determine the
volume flow rate of gases passing through the damper under test
3.6
exhaust equipment
equipment consisting of a fan and balancing or dilution dampers to apply and maintain the
underpressure in the connecting duct (3.4)
3.7
fire damper
mobile closure within a duct which is operated automatically or manually and is designed to prevent
the spread of fire
3.8
intumescent
term describing the phenomenon of expansion in excess of normal thermal expansion under the action
of heat normally generated by the fire
3.9
intumescent dampers
non-mechanical device installed in a ducted system that intumesces when exposed to hot gases to
prevent the spread of fire
3.10
intumescent sheet
intumescent (3.8) material manufactured in rigid or flexible thin sections, typically 1 mm to 4 mm thick,
usually cut into strips for incorporation into the fire damper (3.7)
3.11
covered intumescent
partly enclosed intumescent (3.8) material to provide protection, modify the behaviour, improve the
surface finish and/or enhance the aesthetics of the fire damper (3.7)
3.12
skinned intumescent material
totally enclosed intumescent (3.8) material on all faces and edges to provide protection, modify the
behaviour and improve the surface finish and/or the aesthetics of the fire damper (3.7)
4 Principles of the test
4.1 General
The damper with its fixing device is built into, or attached directly or remotely via a section of
ducting, to a fire-separating building element according to good practice. Temperature and integrity
measurements are carried out in various parts of the test construction during the test. The tightness of
2 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
the damper system is measured by direct flow measurements whilst maintaining a constant pressure
differential across the closed damper of 300 Pa. For special applications, higher underpressures may be
employed.
4.2 Additional tests
Additional tests are included to provide an assessment on the operational reliability of the intumescent
dampers. See Annex C for information on reaction to fire tests. The conditions specified in Annex A
apply.
Annex D provides general information on the use and application of intumescent dampers.
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
The test apparatus specified in 5.2 to 5.11, including the instrumentation, shall be in accordance with
ISO 834-1 except where specifically stated otherwise. Intumescent dampers give off some moisture.
A suitable condensing device shall therefore be installed before the flow-measuring device. This will
be deemed to be effective if the gas temperature within the flow-measuring device does not exceed
40 °C at any time during the test. An example of a suitable condensing device is a water tank fed with
water at ambient temperature with approximately 9 m of measuring duct immersed in the tank prior to
reaching the measuring device.
An example of a test arrangement is shown in Figure 1.
5.2 Furnace, capable of achieving the heating and pressure conditions specified in ISO 834-1.
5.3 Damper under test, attached to the connecting duct in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
5.4 Connecting duct, of all welded construction fabricated from (1,5 ± 0,1) mm thick steel with a
width and height appropriate to the size of the damper under test. The duct shall have a length of twice
the diagonal dimension of the damper, up to a maximum of 2 m. The connecting duct shall be provided
with a gas-tight observation port.
5.5 Measuring station, consisting of an orifice plate, venturi, or other suitable device, an air flow
straightener (if required) and straight lengths of pipe sized in accordance with ISO 5167-1 installed
between the connecting duct and the exhaust fan to determine the volume flow rate of gases passing
through the damper under test. When testing dampers installed in floors, it is still possible to use the
measuring station horizontally. A suitable mounting detail is shown in Figure 2.
5.6 Exhaust fan system, capable of controlling flow rates and maintaining a pressure difference
between the connecting duct and the furnace, as required, when the damper is closed.
Regardless of what test pressure is chosen, the fan should be capable of achieving a 200 Pa pressure
difference higher than the test pressure difference chosen for the test.
Regulation of the 300 Pa (or higher pressure differential) may be by means of a dilution damper installed
just before the fan inlet. The pressure shall be controlled to within ±5 % of the required pressure. A
balancing damper shall be fitted at the outlet of the fan to adjust the pressure range of the systems to
suit the damper under test. A variable speed fan may be used instead of the dilution damper.
5.7 Instrumentation for measuring and recording the furnace temperature, in accordance with
ISO 834-1. Locations of the furnace thermocouples for a number of different test arrangements are
shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
The gas temperature adjacent to the flow measuring device shall be measured by a 0,25 mm bare
wire thermocouple enclosed in a 6 mm diameter porcelain twin wall tube with its measuring junction
located at the centreline of the measuring duct and at a distance equal to twice the diameter of the
measuring duct downstream from the flow measuring device. A similar thermocouple shall be located
at the exit from the connecting duct plenum (see Figures 1 and 2). Alternative thermocouples may be
used provided it can be shown that they have equivalent response time.
5.8 Instrumentation for measuring and recording surface temperature, in accordance with
ISO 834-1. This shall be located in the positions shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, depending on the
method of mounting the damper selected.
5.9 Instrumentation for measuring pressure differential between the furnace and the connecting
duct. A pressure tapping shall be located on the centreline of one vertical side wall of the connecting
duct. Instrumentation shall have a 300 Pa measurement capacity higher than the test pressure chosen
for the test. Instrumentation shall also be provided for measuring the pressure difference between inside
and outside (ambient) of the furnace.
5.10 Timing device, capable of running throughout the test period.
5.11 Gap gauges and cotton pad, according to ISO 834-1, to judge the integrity of the joints between
the damper and its connecting duct and the damper assembly and the supporting construction of the test
arrangement.
4 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 supporting construction (wall)
2 2 × diagonal dimension of the damper (to a maximum of 2 m)
3 pressure sensor (on centreline)
4 observation port
5 orifice plate or venturi
6 pressure differential (300 Pa)
7 pressure differential control box
8 pressure sensor in laboratory
9 pressure control dilution damper
10 pneumatic actuator or manual control
11 balancing damper
12 fan
13 flexible connecting duct
14 support
15 thermocouple
16 support
17 flow straightener
18 flange
19 support
20 thermocouple at exit from plenum
21 connecting duct
22 test damper
23 furnace chamber
24 pressure sensor (on centreline of damper)
a
Distance from thermocouple to orifice plate = 2 × diameter of the measuring duct.
Figure 1 — Example of general test arrangement
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 pressure sensor
2 pressure differential (300 Pa)
3 pressure sensor in laboratory
4 pressure differential control box
5 pressure control dilution damper
6 balancing damper
7 fan
8 pneumatic actuator or manual control
9 flexible connecting duct
10 thermocouple
11 support
12 orifice plate or venturi
13 flange
14 connecting duct
15 thermocouple at exit from plenum
16 flow straightener
17 support
18 supporting construction {floor)
19 furnace chamber
20 test damper
21 pressure sensor
a
Dimension equal to the diameter of the measuring station.
b
Distance from thermocouple to orifice plate = 2 x diameter of the measuring duct.
c
2 × diagonal dimension of the damper (to a maximum of 2 m).
Figure 2 — Example of an alternative arrangement when testing dampers in floors
6 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 furnace
2 supporting construction
3 support
4 connecting duct
5 connecting angle
6 infill material, provided it is necessary
7 test damper
8 insulated ductwork
9 furnace thermocouples, 4 places
L dimension to be specified by damper manufacturer
T supporting construction unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
s
T T unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
1, 2
Figure 3 — Position of surface thermocouples when damper is installed in an insulated duct
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 furnace
2 supporting construction
3 support
4 connecting duct
5 connecting angle
6 infill material, provided it is necessary
7 test damper
8 furnace thermocouples, 4 places
L dimension to be specified by damper manufacturer
T supporting construction unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
s
T , T unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
1 2
Figure 4 — Position of surface thermocouples when damper is installed in a non-insulated duct
8 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 furnace
2 supporting construction
3 support
4 connecting duct
5 test damper
6 furnace thermocouples, 4 places
T supporting construction unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
s
T , T unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
1 2
Figure 5 — Damper mounted onto face of supporting construction within the furnace
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 supporting construction
2 support
3 connecting duct
4 test damper
5 connecting angle
6 furnace
7 furnace thermocouples, 4 places
L dimension to be specified by damper manufacturer
T supporting construction unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
s
T , T unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
1 2
Figure 6 — Damper mounted onto face of supporting construction outside the furnace
10 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 furnace
2 floor, for example
3 suitable attachment as in practice
4 insulation, provided it is necessary
5 insulated duct
6 supporting construction
7 support
8 connecting duct
9 connecting angle
10 test damper
11 furnace thermocouples, 4 places
T supporting construction unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
s
T , T unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
1 2
Figure 7 — Damper mounted remote from the supporting construction and within the furnace
chamber
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 furnace
2 supporting construction
3 damper insulation, provided it is necessary
4 test damper
5 support
6 connecting duct
7 connecting angle
8 connecting angle
9 insulated duct
10 furnace thermocouples, 4 places
L dimension to be specified by damper manufacturer
L dimension of insulation where insulation is necessary
i
T supporting construction unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
s
T , T unexposed surface thermocouples (minimum of one each side)
1 2
Figure 8 — Damper mounted remotely from the supporting construction and outside the
furnace chamber
6 Test construction
6.1 General
6.1.1 Introduction
The test construction shall be representative of the construction for which information is required.
Only a maximum of two dampers may be tested at one time.
12 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
6.1.2 Side to be tested
Where dampers are asymmetrical, they shall be tested from both sides, as it is probably not possible to
determine which side will give the worse result. Symmetrical dampers need only be tested from one
side.
If testing is carried out from one side only (i.e. one specimen) the reason for this shall be clearly stated
in the report.
6.1.3 Dampers installed in both walls and floors
Dampers which are to be employed in both walls and floors shall be tested in both orientations, unless
it can be demonstrated that one is more onerous.
6.1.4 Dampers installed within a structural opening
Dampers to be positioned within a structural opening shall be tested as shown in Figure 1 when
installed in a wall and as shown in Figure 2 when installed in a floor.
6.1.5 Dampers mounted onto face of wall or floor
Uninsulated dampers mounted on a wall or floor and attached to the face of a structure shall be tested
with the damper positioned within the furnace as shown in Figure 5. Insulated dampers shall be tested
from both sides so that the insulation properties of the damper body, and where appropriate the duct,
can be evaluated. An example of a damper mounted to the wall/floor outside the furnace is shown in
Figure 6.
6.1.6 Dampers remote from wall or floor
6.1.6.1 Within the furnace
Dampers remote from the wall or floor and separate from the structure shall be attached to a length of
ductwork. For test purposes, the duct shall be attached to the supporting construction with the damper
installed at the duct end within the furnace, as shown in Figure 7. This length of ductwork shall be
(150 ± 50) mm long and insulated to the extent necessary to ensure that it remains intact throughout
the test. The distance between the outer surface of the duct and the furnace wall or floor shall not be
less than 500 mm.
6.1.6.2 Outside the furnace
For dampers that are to be mounted onto a section of duct outside the furnace, as shown in Figure 8, the
length of duct shall be (500 ± 50) mm.
NOTE An uninsulated damper mounted on a section of a duct outside the furnace does not need to be tested.
6.1.7 Minimum separation between dampers
Where two dampers are to be tested at the same time, the distance between the dampers shall not be
less than 200 mm, as shown in Figures 9 and 10. Where the dampers are mounted in a wall or partition,
but are not located in the same horizontal plane, the required furnace pressure is determined at the
horizontal plane of the lower damper; see 9.8 a) and Figure 1.
6.2 Size of specimen
The largest sized damper should be fire tested and, provided the damper satisfies the appropriate fire
leakage criteria, the results can be extended to smaller sizes of dampers whose dimensions relative
to width, height and length are smaller than that tested, subject to the following verification that all
components are the same thickness and cross-sectional shape. Where it is intended that multiple
intumescent dampers will be used in a duct of a size greater than the individual damper size, the
maximum number of dampers in the maximum-sized duct including all mullions and transoms together
with any other supporting structure shall be tested.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 supporting construction
2 damper
Figure 9 — Maximum separation between two dampers
14 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 supporting construction
2 damper
a
Pressure of 15 Pa maintained on this plane.
Figure 10 — Dampers mounted in different horizontal planes
6.3 Specimen installation
The dampers shall be installed as in practice in a supporting construction using methods which are in
accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Damper manufacturers requiring the damper to be
tested in a length of insulated ductwork shall specify the length over which the duct is to be insulated
as shown in Figure 3.
6.4 Supporting construction
6.4.1 Principles
6.4.1.1 The supporting construction shall be a wall, partition or floor of the type to be used in practice.
6.4.1.2 A test result obtained for a fire damper mounted in a supporting construction made of masonry,
concrete or solid partition (without any cavity) is applicable for the same type of supporting construction
with a thickness and density equal to or greater than those of the supporting construction used for the
test.
6.4.1.3 The supporting construction selected shall have fire resistance slightly greater than the
required fire resistance of the damper being tested.
6.4.1.4 If a specific supporting construction different from those described above is selected, the test
results obtained are applicable only to that specific wall, partition or floor.
6.4.2 Recommended supporting constructions
6.4.2.1 General
Where the type of supporting construction used in normal practice is not known, then one of the
standard supporting constructions described in Tables 1, 2 or 3 shall be used.
Table 1 — Standard rigid wall construction
Type of construction Thickness Density Test duration
mm kg/m t
h
Normal concrete/masonry 110 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 t = 2
150 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 2 < t ≤ 3
175 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 3 < t ≤ 4
a
Aerated concrete 110 ± 10 650 ± 200 t = 2
150 ± 10 650 ± 200 2 < t ≤ 4
a
This supporting construction may be made from blocks bonded together with mortar or adhesive.
Table 2 — Standard flexible-wall constructions (gypsum plasterboard)
Fire resistance Wall constructions
a b
Number of layers Thickness Insulation Thickness
min
on each side
mm D/ρ mm
30 1 12,5 40/40 75
60 2 12,5 40/40 100
90 2 12,5 60/50 125
120 2 12,5 60/100 150
180 3 12,5 60/100 175
240 3 15,0 80/100 190
a 3
D is the thickness in mm of mineral wool insulation inside the wall; ρ is the density in kg/m of mineral wool insulation
inside the wall.
b
Tolerance of ±10 %.
Table 3 — Standard floor constructions
Type of construc- Thickness Density Test duration
tion
mm kg/m t
h
Normal concrete 110 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 t = 1,5
150 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 1,5 < t ≤ 3
175 ± 10 2 200 ± 200 3 < t ≤ 4
Aerated concrete 125 ± 10 650 ± 200 t = 2
150 ± 10 650 ± 200 2 < t ≤ 4
16 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
6.4.2.2 Non-standard supporting constructions
When the test specimen is intended for use in a form of construction not covered by the standard
supporting constructions, it shall be tested in the supporting construction intended for use.
6.5 Conditioning
After installation of the damper into a supporting construction, the assembly shall be subject to a
conditioning procedure in accordance with the requirements of ISO 834-1. The moisture content of the
supporting construction and any infill material used between the damper and supporting construction
can have an influence on the performance of the damper, in particular in relation to the insulation
criterion. Where practical, the moisture content of all the component items, including any infill material,
shall be controlled to ensure that equilibrium has been reached, and the final value measured and
recorded. If the supporting construction has been assembled and has been fully conditioned prior to
the installation of the test specimen and if a water-based infill material (or other similar infill material
which requires curing) is used to seal any small gaps between the supporting construction and the
damper, then a minimum of 14 days shall be allowed for the assembly to reach equilibrium.
7 Determination of leakage of connecting duct and measuring station
7.1 Shut the damper manually and seal the inlet aperture using impervious material.
7.2 Assemble the connecting duct measuring station and exhaust fan as shown in Figure 1. The joints
between each component shall be well sealed with high temperature gaskets and/or sealants.
7.3 Connect an orifice plate, venturi or other suitable device to a suitable recording instrument
calibrated and complying with the requirements of ISO 5167-1. It can be necessary to use a different size
of orifice plate, venturi or other suitable device for the determination of the leakage of the connecting
duct and measuring standard to that used for the leakage tests described in Clauses 7 and 8. The leakage
is calculated from the recorded pressure differential from the orifice plate, venturi or other suitable
device using the formulae for volume flow rates given in ISO 5167-1.
7.4 Adjust the exhaust fan so that the air leakage through the connecting duct and measuring station
can be measured at 200 Pa, 300 Pa, 400 Pa and 500 Pa. The pressure differential at each value should
be maintained for 60 s before the leakage is recorded. For higher pressure differential than 300 Pa, the
control of leakage shall be performed at a test pressure 200 Pa higher than the test pressure chosen, in
five equal increments.
7.5 Plot the values on graph paper to determine the leakage at 300 Pa, or at a higher selected pressure
differential.
7.6 If the leakage at 300 Pa is more than 12 m /h, improve the sealing of joints and stability of test
construction until this leakage criterion is met. For pressure differentials higher than 300 Pa, the leakage
of 12 m /h may be increased by a factor (P /300) 0,5.
test
7.7 Remove sealing from the inlet aperture of the damper.
8 Opening and closing cycles
8.1 The 50 opening and closing cycles as specified for mechanical dampers are not applicable to this
product.
NOTE The reason for the 50-cycle test for mechanical dampers is to demonstrate the likelihood of their
functioning when called upon to do so, without jamming or disintegrating. A product that is activated by an
irreversible chemical activity cannot be activated more than once. There are no parts moving mechanically in an
intumescent fire damper, only the swelling of the intumescent material when activated by heat.
8.2 Time to close: There is no requirement for the damper to close before 2 min, but it shall satisfy
leakage requirements after 5 min into the test.
NOTE The 2 min limit in the test for mechanical dampers is the time beyond which it is deemed that dampers
that have not closed will not do so; therefore, continuation of the test would be irrelevant. Since the time deemed
necessary for the furnace to stabilize is 5 min and no sensor values are considered accurate enough to record
until that time has elapsed, the 2 min period has no relevance in the case of intumescent dampers.
9 Fire test
9.1 Latch the damper into its open position, then if not already in position, mount the test specimen
onto the furnace.
9.2 Connect all instrumentation required by this document.
9.3 With the damper fully open, set the exhaust fan system to produce an air velocity of 0,15 m/s
across the damper opening. This may be measured by the orifice plate, venturi or other suitable device
located within the measuring duct. The air velocity shall be maintained to an accuracy of ±15 %.
9.4 Switch off the exhaust fan, but leave it at its pre-set value given in 9.3.
9.5 Ignite the furnace. Start the timing device and switch on all measuring devices.
9.6 Switch on the exhaust fan as soon as the furnace has ignited.
9.7 When the damper has closed, adjust the exhaust fan to maintain an underpressure of 300 Pa (or
higher) in the connecting duct, relative to the furnace. Record the time at which the damper closes.
9.8 Throughout the test, carry out the following:
a) Control and record the furnace temperature and pressure in accordance with ISO 834-1. The
furnace pressure at the horizontal centreline of a vertical damper shall be maintained at (15 ± 2) Pa.
b) Maintain a pressure differential between the connecting duct and furnace of (−300 ± 15) Pa, (or
higher underpressure).
c) Record the pressure differential across the orifice plate, venturi or other suitable device and the
local gas temperature at not more than 2-min intervals.
Constants for orifice plate, venturi or other suitable devices shall be calculated in accordance with
ISO 5167-1 over the range of anticipated gas temperatures. As a function of time and measured gas
temperatures, select the corresponding orifice plate, venturi or other suitable device constants and
calculate the volume flow rate at the measuring station gas temperatures using the formulae for
volume flow rates given in ISO 5167-1. Correct the measured volume flow rate to 20 °C. Deduct the
value for the leakage of the connecting duct and measuring station determined in Clause 7 from the
measured leakages.
d) Record the temperature on the external surface of the connecting duct at the time intervals
specified in ISO 834-1.
18 © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
e) The effect of gaps, orifices or openings on the integrity at the junction between the supporting
construction and connecting duct shall be determined by the use of the cotton pad and/or gap
gauges as defined in ISO 834-1.
f) Where practical, record any observations of the general behaviour of the damper assembly during
the test. In practice this is limited to observations taken on the furnace side and to the duct/damper
junction and adjacent area on the non-furnace side.
10 Classification and criteria
10.1 General
Depending on the classification required, the size of the fire damper to be tested and the criteria to be
applied are given in Table 4.
Table 4 — Fire test performance criteria
a
Classification Size to be tested Leakage at Fire test
ambient
Leakage limit Temperature Perimeter
temperature
3 2 b
m /(h · m ) rise limit integrity
3 2
m /(h · m )
°C
Mean/Max.
c
E max. Not required 360 Not required GG/SF
c
ES max. 200 200 Not required GG/SF
min. 200 Not required Not required Not required
c
EI max. Not required 360 140/180 CP/GG/SF
c
EIS max. 200 200 140/180 CP/GG/SF
min. 200 Not required Not required Not required
In relation to the criteria for leakage (S), the values given shall be satisfied in both the ambient temperature (smallest
damper and largest damper in the range) and the fire test (largest damper in the range).
NOTE 1 The maximum temperature rise limit (180 °C) can be determined at any of the thermocouples T , T and T (or
1 2 s
the roving thermocouple described in ISO 834-1) and the mean (average) temperature rise (140 °C) is determined from
thermocouples T . Locations of the thermocouples are shown in Figures 3 to 8.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of calculating conformance with the leakage criteria in this table, the area of a damper can be
taken to be the cross-sectional area of the duct to which the damper is connected.
NOTE 3 Classification of integrity is according to whether or not the damper is also classified for insulation. Where a
damper is classified for integrity, E, and insulation, I, the integrity is that determined by whichever of the three criteria fails
first. Where a damper is classified E but without an I classification, the integrity value is defined as the time to failure of
only the cracks/openings or sustained flaming criteria, whichever fails first.
a
E is the integrity (gas flow corrected to 20 °C);
I is the insulation (see NOTE 1);
S is the leakage classification (see NOTE 2) (gas leakage corrected to 20 °C).
b
CP is the cotton pad (see NOTE 3);
GG is the gap gauge (see NOTE 3);
SF is the sustained flaming (see NOTE 3).
c
Leakage limits only apply after 5 min from the start of the test.
10.2 Number of tests required
The test method has been designed to cover as many potential applications for damper installation as
possible. It is not intended that all the options have to be covered in a test programme.
Guidance is given below in Tables 5 and 6 on the number of tests required. Experience can show that
not all tests need to be undertaken, as some installation options can be found to represent the most
onerous condition, in which case the number of tests required may be reduced.
Table 5 — Fire damper standard installation application
Fire damper installation application in Number of tests Number of tests
practice standard application asymmetrical fire damper symmetrical fire damper
Installed within a wall 2 1
Installed within a floor 2 1
Table 6 — Fire damper special installation application
Fire damper installation application in Number of tests Number of tests
practice special application asymmetrical fire damper symmetrical fire damper
Installed on face of wall 2 1
Installed on face of floor 2 1
Damper mounted on section of duct in the fire 1 for wall application, 1 for 1 for wall application, 1 for
compartment (wall and floor application) floor application floor application
Insulated damper mounted on section of duct 1 1
outside the fire compartment (wall only)
11 Test report
The test report shall state:
a) the name of the testing laboratory;
b) the name of the sponsor;
c) the date of the test;
d) the name of the manufacturer, the trade name and the type reference of the product;
e) details of the construction and conditioning of the test specimen, including detailed information
on the specification of materials and components used, together with drawings illustrating the
essential features and installation
...
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