ISO 4517:2025
(Main)Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings — Contact angle measurement of metallic hydrophobic PVD coatings
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings — Contact angle measurement of metallic hydrophobic PVD coatings
This document specifies the requirements for the contact angle measurement of metallic hydrophobic thin film coatings deposited by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, including thermal evaporation, sputtering and ion plating. This document does not apply to non-metallic coatings, paints or varnishes.
Titre manque
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 4517
First edition
Physical vapor deposition
2025-05
(PVD) coatings — Contact
angle measurement of metallic
hydrophobic PVD coatings
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Samples for contact angle evaluation . 2
6 Contact angle measurement . 3
6.1 General .3
6.2 Contact angle measurement environment .3
6.3 Droplet size .3
6.4 Contact angle measurement time since deposition .4
6.5 Surface quality requirements .4
6.6 Chemical composition .5
6.7 Surface free energy.5
Bibliography . 7
iii
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings,
Subcommittee SC 9, Physical vapor deposition coatings.
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iv
Introduction
A hydrophobic surface is defined as a solid surface with a water contact angle higher than 90°. A hydrophobic
surface tends to repel water droplets. Hydrophobic coatings have drawn much interest in electronic devices,
aerospace engineering and construction industries. This is because of their self-cleaning, anti-icing and
corrosion resistance properties. Among current hydrophobic coatings, polymer-based materials are the
most commonly used due to their low surface energy. However, they are relatively soft with low durability
when applied in harsh environments.
Metal-based hydrophobic physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating is a promising candidate for realizing the
practical use of hydrophobic surfaces due to their outstanding mechanical durability. However, the surface
wettability of metallic PVD coatings goes through a time evolution under ambient air exposure due to the
adsorption of hydrocarbons. This makes it difficult to evaluate the wettability and apply this kind of coating
for hydrophobic use. It is thus essential to evaluate how wettable metallic hydrophobic PVD coatings are for
the further development and applications of metallic hydrophobic PVD coatings.
v
International Standard ISO 4517:2025(en)
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings — Contact angle
measurement of metallic hydrophobic PVD coatings
1 Scope
This document specifies the requirements for the contact angle measurement of metallic hydrophobic thin
film coatings deposited by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, including thermal evaporation,
sputtering and ion plating.
This document does not apply to non-metallic coatings, paints or varnishes.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
physical vapor deposition
PVD
vacuum deposition method for producing thin films or coatings on a substrate by a physical reaction
3.2
hydrophobic coating
coating that repels water droplets
3.3
water contact angle
angle formed by a liquid at the three-phase boundary, where a liquid, gas and solid intersect
3.4
adsorption
process by which molecules of a substance from a gas or liquid attach to a surface
4 Principle
The contact angle is a quantitative measure of the wetting state of a solid. It is an angle formed by a liquid
at the three-phase boundary, where a liquid-vapor interface meets a solid surface (see Figure 1). When θ
< 90°, the surface is hydrophilic, which means that wetting is favoured on this surface and water tends to
spread and maintain the maximum contact area. When θ > 90°, the surface is hydrophobic, which means it
is difficult to wet the surface, water tends to shrink and maintain the minimum contact area. If θ > 150°, the
surface is superhydrophobic.
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