ISO 16232-10:2007
(Main)Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 10: Expression of results
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 10: Expression of results
ISO 16232-10:2007 defines the rules and the forms of expression and presentation of the results of measurements of particulate cleanliness of components for the fluid circuits of motor vehicles. It also defines a cleanliness coding system for simplifying the reporting and communication of particulate contamination data. ISO 16232-10:2007 also defines the rules to be used for specifying cleanliness requirements. It does not concern the expression of particulate cleanliness of fluids.
Véhicules routiers — Propreté des composants des circuits de fluide — Partie 10: Expression des résultats
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16232-10
First edition
2007-06-01
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of
components of fluid circuits —
Part 10:
Expression of results
Véhicules routiers — Propreté des composants des circuits de fluide —
Partie 10: Expression des résultats
Reference number
ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007
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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved
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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Principles. 2
5 Expression of results of gravimetric analysis .2
5.1 Necessary data. 2
5.2 Expression of results . 2
6 Expression of results of particle size distribution analysis - Component Cleanliness Code,
CCC . 3
6.1 Necessary data. 3
6.2 Size classes. 3
6.3 Contamination level. 5
6.4 Component Cleanliness Code (CCC). 5
7 Expression of results by the number of particles per component. 6
7.1 Size classes. 6
7.2 Contamination level. 6
7.3 Component Cleanliness Code. 6
8 Largest particle . 7
9 Test report . 7
Annex A (informative) Recommendation of use of the Component Cleanliness Code (CCC). 9
Annex B (informative) Determination of the wetted volume of a component. 10
Annex C (informative) Examples of Component Cleanliness Codes. 13
Annex D (informative) Alternative transitional expression of cleanliness . 15
Annex E (informative) Example of test report - Cleanliness inspection report according to
ISO 16232. 16
Bibliography . 19
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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 16232-10 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 5, Engine
tests.
ISO 16232 consists of the following parts, under the general title Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components
of fluid circuits:
— Part 1: Vocabulary
— Part 2: Method of extraction of contaminants by agitation
— Part 3: Method of extraction of contaminants by pressure rinsing
— Part 4: Method of extraction of contaminants by ultrasonic techniques
— Part 5: Method of extraction of contaminants on functional test bench
— Part 6: Particle mass determination by gravimetric analysis
— Part 7: Particle sizing and counting by microscopic analysis
— Part 8: Particle nature determination by microscopic analysis
— Part 9: Particle sizing and counting by automatic light extinction particle counter
— Part 10: Expression of results
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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Introduction
The presence of particulate contamination in a fluid system is acknowledged to be a major factor governing
the life and reliability of that system. The presence of particles residual from the manufacturing and assembly
processes will cause a substantial increase in the wear rates of the system during the initial run-up and early
life, and may even cause catastrophic failures.
In order to achieve reliable performance of components and systems, control over the amount of particles
introduced during the build phase is necessary, and measurement of particulate contaminants is the basis of
control.
The ISO 16232 series has been drafted to fulfil the requirements of the automotive industry, since the function
and performance of modern automotive fluid components and systems are sensitive to the presence of a
single or a few critically sized particles. Consequently, ISO 16232 requires the analysis of the total volume of
extraction liquid and of all contaminants collected using an approved extraction method.
The ISO 16232 series has been based on existing ISO International Standards such as those developed by
ISO/TC 131/SC 6. These International Standards have been extended, modified and new ones have been
developed to produce a comprehensive suite of International Standards to measure and report the cleanliness
levels of parts and components fitted to automotive fluid circuits.
This part of ISO 16232 defines rules for expressing these cleanliness levels when measured by the methods
defined in ISO 16232-6, ISO 16232-7, ISO 16232-8 and ISO 16232-9.
Users of the ISO 16232 series introducing this coding system are encouraged to inform the ISO/TC 22/SC 5
secretariat of any problems met, through their national standards organization.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits —
Part 10:
Expression of results
1 Scope
This part of ISO 16232 defines the rules and the forms of expression and presentation of the results of
measurements of particulate cleanliness of components for the fluid circuits of motor vehicles. It also defines a
cleanliness coding system for simplifying the reporting and communication of particulate contamination data.
This part of ISO 16232 also defines the rules to be used for specifying cleanliness requirements.
This part of ISO 16232 does not concern the expression of particulate cleanliness of fluids.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16232-1, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 1: Vocabulary
ISO 16232-2, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 2: Method of extraction of
contaminants by agitation
ISO 16232-3, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 3: Method of extraction of
contaminants by pressure rinsing
ISO 16232-4, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 4: Method of extraction of
contaminants by ultrasonic techniques
ISO 16232-5, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 5: Method of extraction of
contaminants on functional test bench
ISO 16232-6, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 6: Particle mass
determination by gravimetric analysis
ISO 16232-7, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 7: Particle sizing and
counting by microscopic analysis
ISO 16232-8, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 8: Particle nature
determination by microscopic analysis
ISO 16232-9, Road vehicles — Cleanliness of components of fluid circuits — Part 9: Particle sizing and
counting by automatic light extinction particle counter
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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 16232-1 apply.
4 Principles
Particulate contamination, as measured in the whole volume of extraction fluid used in one of the methods of
extraction and analyses described in ISO 16232 series, is quantified:
⎯ per component;
2
⎯ to a reference surface of 1 000 cm of wetted surface of a component;
3
⎯ to a reference volume of 100 cm of wetted volume of a component.
The level of particulate contamination can be expressed by the total mass, by the particle-size distribution
(number of particles per size class) possibly combined with the nature of particles or by the dimension of the
largest particle(s) found. Data can also be combined, e.g. total mass and largest particle.
2
Cleanliness levels shall only be compared if they are in the same measurement units, i.e. either per 1000 cm
3
of wetted surface area or 100 cm of wetted volume.
The cleanliness levels expressed per component shall never be compared one with the other. They shall only
be used to compare a result to a specification.
Annex A gives recommendation for using the appropriate Component Cleanliness Code (CCC) codification.
NOTE In view of the different physical principles used to evaluate the size of the particles (e.g. a microscope or a
light extinction automatic particle counter), the particulate contamination level measured on the same extraction sample
can be different.
5 Expression of results of gravimetric analysis
5.1 Necessary data
The expression of the results of a gravimetric analysis requires knowledge of the following characteristics:
1) wetted volume (V ) or wetted surface area (A ) or V /A ratio of the component (see Annex B for an
C C C C
example);
2) number of components analysed if the contaminants are collected from more than one component;
3) total mass (mg) of contaminants collected by extraction.
NOTE There is no relationship between the gravimetric analysis results and the other contamination analysis results
(e.g. particle counting).
5.2 Expression of results
5.2.1 Mass per component (m )
Cp
Let n be the number of components analysed and m the total mass of contaminants collected, then:
m
m = mg per component
Cp
n
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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
When low weight or/and small components are analysed, the result can be expressed as the mass of
contaminants for n components. This is written as:
mm= mg forn components
Cp
NOTE The cleanliness level reported by the mass per component varies arbitrarily depending on both, the size of the
part and amount of its contamination.
5.2.2 Mass per unit surface area of component (m )
A
2
If A is the wetted surface area of the component (cm ) and m the total mass (mg) of contaminant collected,
C
then:
m× 1000
2
m = in mg/1000 cm of component
A
A
C
5.2.3 Mass per unit volume of component (m )
V
3
If V is the wetted volume of the component (cm ) and m the total mass (mg) of contaminant collected, then:
C
m×100
3
m = in mg/100 cm of component
V
V
C
6 Expression of results of particle size distribution analysis - Component
Cleanliness Code, CCC
6.1 Necessary data
To present the data from the extraction tests in this form and obtain the CCC requires the information detailed
in 5.1 and the following:
⎯ all or part of the counting size intervals chosen from Table 1 as specified in the inspection document;
⎯ wetted volume (V ) or wetted surface area (A ) or V /A ratio of the component (see Annex B for an
C C C C
example);
⎯ number of components analysed if the contaminants are collected from more than one component;
⎯ the numbers of the particles extracted from the component(s) analysed in each of the specified size
ranges.
6.2 Size classes
The particles are counted in all or part of the size ranges defined by an inclusive lower size (called x ) and an
1
exclusive higher one (called x ) among those listed in Table 1.
2
Each size range is labelled by a letter which defines a size class.
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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
Table 1 — Size classes for particle counting Table 2 — Definition of the cleanliness level
of a component
Size class Size x (µm)
Number of particles
B 5 u x < 15
3
per 100 cm or
2
per 1 000 cm
C 15 u x < 25
Cleanliness
level
D 25 u x < 50
Up to and
E 50 u x < 100
More than
including
F 100 u x < 150
0 0 00
G 150 u x < 200
0 1 0
H 200 u x < 400
1 2 1
I 400 u x < 600
2 4 2
J 600 u x < 1 000
4 8 3
K 1 000 u x
8 16 4
16 32 5
NOTE According to individual requirements, size
32 64 6
ranges may be combined and/or left out.
64 130 7
130 250 8
250 500 9
3
500 1 × 10 10
3 3
1 × 10 2 × 10 11
3 3
2 × 10 4 × 10 12
3 3
4 × 10 8 × 10 13
3 3
8 × 10 16 × 10 14
3 3
16 × 10 32 × 10 15
3 3
32 × 10 64 × 10 16
3 3
64 × 10 130 × 10 17
3 3
130 × 10 250 × 10 18
3 3
250 × 10 500 × 10 19
3 6
500 × 10 1 × 10 20
6 6
1 × 10 2 × 10 21
6 6
2 × 10 4 × 10 22
6 6
4 × 10 8 × 10 23
6 6
8 × 10 16 × 10 24
NOTE In the test report, it is advisable that the raw
number of particles also be noted.
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ISO 16232-10:2007(E)
6.3 Contamination level
The level of particulate contamination of a component in a given particle size class is expressed by the
number specified in Table 2 as a function of the number of particles counted on the component with respect to
3 2
the geometrical unit (100 cm or 1 000 cm ) chosen.
6.4 Component Cleanliness Code (CCC)
6.4.1 The Cleanliness Code of Components (CCC) is written as a sequence, enclosed in parentheses and
separated by slashes, of alphanumerical pairs specifying all or several of the size classes from Table 1 and
their level of contamination given by Table 2.
2
The capital letters A or V printed before the parentheses explains if the code refers either to 1 000 cm of
3
wetted surface area or to 100 cm of wetted volume of the component.
6.4.2 When the CCC refers to the whole size ranges all letters of Table 1 and corresponding levels are
written: for instance
CCC = V (B20/C16/D18/E12/F12/G12/H8/I0/J0/K00)
6.4.3 When the CCC refers to some size classes, only the relevant letters and corresponding levels are
written: for instance
CCC = V (C16/D18/E12/F12/G12/J0)
means that there was no requirement (or no results) for cleanliness data at size ranges B,H, I and K.
6.4.4 When several successive size classes are at the same cleanliness level, they are reported by t
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