ISO 7765-2:2025

Plastics film and sheeting - Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method - Part 2: Instrumented puncture test

This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of a plastic film using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection or force-time diagram, recorded at nominally constant striker velocity, is required for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour. This test method is also used when a small number of test specimens are available, and the staircase method described in the ISO 7765-1 cannot be applied. The test method is applicable to films of up to 1 mm thickness and makes it possible to compare impact-penetration forces, biaxial deformabilities and energy-absorption capacities of films. Also, the transition region between brittle and tough behaviour of the film under the conditions of testing can be determined by varying the temperature or the penetration velocity or the relative humidity.[ REF Reference_ref_7 \r \h 4 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0037000000 ]

Film et feuille de plastiques — Détermination de la résistance au choc par la méthode par chute libre de projectile — Partie 2: Essai avec appareil de perforation

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 28-May-2025
• ICS: 83.140.10 - Films and sheets
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 11 - Products
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 11/WG 3 - Plastics films and sheeting
• Current Stage: 6060 - International Standard published
• Start Date: 29-May-2025
• Due Date: 27-Sep-2025
• Completion Date: 29-May-2025

Relations

• Revises: ISO 7765-2:2022 - Plastics film and sheeting - Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method - Part 2: Instrumented puncture test
• Effective Date: 21-Oct-2023

Overview

ISO 7765-2:2025 - Plastics film and sheeting - Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method - Part 2: Instrumented puncture test specifies an instrumented puncture test for measuring puncture impact properties of plastic films. The method records force–deflection or force–time diagrams at a nominally constant striker velocity and is applicable to films up to 1 mm thickness. It is intended where detailed characterization of impact behaviour is required or when only a small number of specimens are available (i.e., the staircase method of ISO 7765-1 is not suitable).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Test principle: Free-falling striker (dart) impacts a clamped film while instruments record force and deflection at near-constant striker velocity.
• Measured outputs: Force–deflection and force–time diagrams, peak penetration forces, energy-absorption capacities and biaxial deformability.
• Apparatus components:
  • Test device and energy carrier
  • Striker (dart)
  • Clamping device for specimens
  • Instruments for force measurement and deflection measurement
  • Thickness gauge and conditioning equipment
• Specimen handling: Sampling, preparation, conditioning and a specified test atmosphere are defined to ensure comparable results.
• Result reporting and calculations: Procedures for expressing impact-penetration forces, absorbed energy and transition behaviour between brittle and tough failure modes.
• Scope for variable conditions: Allows determination of the brittle–tough transition region by varying temperature, penetration velocity or relative humidity.
• Precision and test report: Sections on reproducibility/precision and the required elements of the test report are included.

Practical applications and users

• Who uses it:
  • Materials and packaging manufacturers for product development and QC
  • Independent test laboratories and certification bodies
  • R&D teams evaluating polymer formulations, additives or multilayer constructions
  • Industries where film puncture performance is critical (packaging, medical films, automotive interior films, agricultural films, protective covers)
• Why use it:
  • To obtain detailed dynamic response data (force–deflection/force–time) beyond a single failure energy value
  • To compare energy absorption and deformability across materials and thicknesses (≤1 mm)
  • To assess environmental effects (temperature, humidity) and impact speed on puncture resistance
  • To test limited numbers of specimens where staircase methods are impractical

Related standards

• ISO 7765-1 - Plastics film and sheeting - Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method - Part 1: (staircase method) - for single-value failure-energy testing.
• Other parts of the ISO 7765 series for complementary impact-resistance testing and reporting.

Keywords: ISO 7765-2:2025, plastics film, impact resistance, free-falling dart, instrumented puncture test, puncture impact properties, force–deflection, energy absorption.

Standards Content (Sample)

International
Standard
ISO 7765-2
Third edition
Plastics film and sheeting —
2025-05
Determination of impact resistance
by the free-falling dart method —
Part 2:
Instrumented puncture test
Film et feuille de plastiques — Détermination de la résistance au
choc par la méthode par chute libre de projectile —
Partie 2: Essai avec appareil de perforation
Reference number
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Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 4
5 Apparatus . 5
5.1 General .5
5.2 Test device .5
5.2.1 General .5
5.2.2 Energy carrier .6
5.2.3 Striker .7
5.2.4 Clamping device .7
5.3 Instrument for measuring force and deflection .9
5.3.1 General .9
5.3.2 Force measurement sensor .9
5.3.3 Deflection measurement system .9
5.4 Thickness gauge .9
6 Test specimens . 9
6.1 Sampling and preparation of test specimens .9
6.2 Number of test specimens .10
6.3 Conditioning of test specimens .10
7 Procedure .10
7.1 Test atmosphere .10
7.2 Measuring the thickness .10
7.3 Clamping the test specimen .10
7.4 Impact-penetration test .10
8 Calculation and expression of results .11
9 Precision .12
10 Test report .12
Annex A (informative) General remarks . 14
Bibliography .15

iii
Foreword
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The third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 7765-2:2022), which has been technically
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— the normative references have been updated;
— corrections of the following errors:
— the total penetration energy definition (see 3.4);
— minimum sample frequency value (see 5.3.2).
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iv
Introduction
The impact-penetration test described in the ISO 7765 series is used for the assessment of plastic films and
thin sheets (hereinafter referred to as films) under an impact stress applied at right angles to the plane of
the film.
ISO 7765-1 can be used if it is sufficient to characterize the impact behaviour of the film by an impact
failure energy. This document is used if a force-deformation or a force-time diagram, recorded at practically
constant velocity of the striker, is necessary for characterization of the impact behaviour.
Annex A gives general remarks and is for information only.

v
International Standard ISO 7765-2:2025(en)
Plastics film and sheeting — Determination of impact
resistance by the free-falling dart method —
Part 2:
Instrumented puncture test
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of a plastic film
using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection or force-time
diagram, recorded at nominally constant striker velocity, is required for detailed characterization of the
impact behaviour. This test method is also used when a small number of test specimens are available, and
the staircase method described in the ISO 7765-1 cannot be applied.
The test method is applicable to films of up to 1 mm thickness and makes it possible to compare impact-
penetration forces, biaxial deformabilities and energy-absorption capacities of films. Also, the transition
region between brittle and tough behaviour of the film under the conditions of testing can be determined by
[4]
varying the temperature or the penetration velocity or the relative humidity.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 4593, Plastics — Film and sheeting — Determination of thickness by mechanical scanning
ISO 7765-1, Plastics film and sheeting — Determination of impact resistance by the free-falling dart method —
Part 1: Staircase methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7765-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
peak force
F
M
maximum force exerted by the striker in the direction of impact during the test
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 to 3.

3.2
deformation at peak force
s
M
deformation in the direction of impact at the centre of the test specimen corresponding to the peak force (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: For materials exhibiting a peak-force plateau, the deformation is taken at the centre of the plateau (see
Figure 1).
3.3
energy to peak force
W
M
area under the force-deformation curve bounded by the origin, the peak force and the deformation at peak
force (3.2)
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 to 3.
3.4
total penetration energy
W
T
area under the whole force-deformation curve
Note 1 to entry: Energy spent puncturing the test specimen. See Figures 1 to 3.
Note 2 to entry: If the force-deformation diagram as measured during the test is influenced strongly by dynamic
resonance effects, a mean curve may be used to obtain the values of the parameters defined in 3.1 to 3.4. This, however,
is seldom the case when plastic film is tested.
Note 3 to entry: In contrast to the instrumented puncture test applied to test specimens made of brittle plastic (see
ISO 6603-2), the force-deformation diagram of this test applied to film and sheeting frequently shows a clear point of
first failure (failure point) indicated by a sharp drop in the force. If this is the case, and if the interested parties agree
to use this point as a characteristic criterion, the following additional definitions may be used.
3.5
failure force
F
F
force exerted by the striker in the direction of impact, measured at the failure point
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 and 2.
3.6
failure deformation
s
F
deformation in the di
...