ISO 27831-1:2008
(Main)Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces — Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys
Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces — Part 1: Ferrous metals and alloys
ISO 27831-1:2008 specifies processes for the cleaning of the surfaces of ferrous metals and their alloys to remove any irrelevant or unwanted deposits or other material at any stage of manufacture, storage or service and for the preparation of these surfaces for further treatment. It does not cover cleaning operations associated with the preliminary removal of heavy deposits of oil, grease or dirt accumulated during operational service, preparations for welding or the cleaning of electrical contacts. However, many of the processes included in this part of ISO 27831 may be used for these operations at the discretion of the users of this part of ISO 27831. It covers processes which are needed for the preparation of metal surfaces prior to the application of the following surface coatings: electrodeposited metal coatings; autocatalytic metal coatings (autocatalytic and displacement types); conversion coatings; hot-dipped coatings; sprayed metal coatings; diffusion coatings; coatings produced by vitreous enamelling; coatings produced by physical vapour deposition of aluminium and cadmium; powder coatings. It describes processes for carrying out the following treatments: degreasing; descaling; pickling; de-rusting; chemical smoothing; electropolishing. It relates the processes described above to the following metals: non-corrosion-resisting steels, cast irons and pure irons; corrosion-resisting and heat-resisting steels.
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques — Nettoyage et préparation des surfaces métalliques — Partie 1: Métaux ferreux et alliages
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 27831-1
First edition
2008-10-15
Metallic and other inorganic coatings —
Cleaning and preparation of metal
surfaces —
Part 1:
Ferrous metals and alloys
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques —
Nettoyage et préparation des surfaces métalliques —
Partie 1: Métaux ferreux et alliages
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
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© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Essential information to be supplied by the purchaser to the processor . 3
5 Requirements . 3
6 Standard cleaning methods. 4
7 Non-corrosion-resisting steels, cast irons and pure irons . 5
7.1 Non-corrosion-resisting steels. 5
7.1.1 Selection of method of cleaning . 5
7.1.2 Stress relief heat treatment . 5
7.1.3 General degreasing and cleaning . 5
7.1.3.1 Steels of tensile strength up to 1 000 MPa . 5
7.1.3.2 Steels of tensile strength in the range 1 000 MPa to 1 400 MPa . 5
7.1.3.3 Steels of tensile strength in the range 1 400 MPa to 1 800 MPa . 5
7.1.3.4 Steels of tensile strength over 1 800 MPa . 6
7.1.4 Preparation prior to electroplating. 6
7.1.5 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nickel plating .7
7.1.6 Preparation prior to phosphate treatment. 7
7.1.7 Preparation prior to sherardizing. 7
7.1.8 Preparation prior to hot-dip galvanizing . 8
7.1.8.1 Steel items other than castings . 8
7.1.8.2 Steel castings . 8
7.1.9 Preparation prior to metal spraying. 8
7.1.9.1 Spraying for protection against corrosion and high-temperature oxidation. 8
7.1.9.2 Spraying for reclamation (recycling) purposes . 8
7.1.10 Preparation prior to the application of diffusion coatings . 8
7.1.11 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling . 9
7.1.11.1 Conventional enamelling method. 9
7.1.11.2 Alternative enamelling method. 9
7.1.12 Preparation prior to hot tinning. 10
7.1.12.1 Preparation for ordinary mild-steel surfaces . 10
7.1.12.2 Preparation of non-reactive mild-steel surfaces (TRI process) . 10
7.1.13 Preparation prior to physical vapour deposition of cadmium and aluminium. 10
7.2 Cast irons . 10
7.2.1 General degreasing and cleaning . 10
7.2.2 Preparation prior to electroplating. 10
7.2.3 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nickel plating . 10
7.2.4 Preparation prior to phosphating and the application of other conversion coatings. 10
7.2.5 Preparation prior to hot tinning. 11
7.2.5.1 “Direct chloride” method (TRI process) . 11
7.2.5.2 Preparation prior to electroplating with a readily tin-platable metal . 11
7.2.6 Preparation prior to hot-dip galvanizing . 11
7.2.7 Preparation prior to metal spraying. 11
7.2.8 Preparation prior to diffusion coating . 12
7.2.9 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling . 12
8 Corrosion-resisting and heat-resisting steels . 12
8.1 Corrosion-resisting steels. 12
8.1.1 Stress-relieving heat treatment . 12
8.1.2 General degreasing and cleaning . 12
8.1.3 Preparation prior to electroplating. 12
8.1.4 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nickel plating . 12
8.1.5 Preparation prior to metal spraying . 12
8.1.5.1 Preparation for metal spraying .12
8.1.5.2 Spraying for reclamation (recycling) purposes. 13
8.1.6 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling — Austenitic steels . 13
8.2 Heat-resisting steels . 13
9 Pretreatment of metals prior to powder coating. 14
9.1 General degreasing and cleaning . 14
9.2 Preparation of non-corrosion-resisting steels. 14
9.3 Preparation of corrosion-resisting steels. 14
10 Cleaning and preparation processes. 14
10.1 Process A — Organic-solvent degreasing and cleaning . 14
10.1.1 General . 14
10.1.2 Method A1 — Hot solvent, not water-rinsable . 15
10.1.3 Method A2 — Cold solvent, not water-rinsable . 15
10.1.4 Method A3 — Hot solvent, water-rinsable . 15
10.1.5 Method A4 — Cold solvent, water-rinsable . 15
10.1.6 Method A5 — Petroleum fuel based mixtures containing emulsifying agents . 15
10.1.7 Method A6 — Ultrasonic cleaning. 16
10.2 Process B — Alkaline degreasing. 16
10.2.1 General . 16
10.2.2 Method B1 — General-purpose alkaline degreasing. 16
10.2.3 Method B2 — Mild alkaline degreasing .16
10.2.4 Method B3 — Cathodic alkaline degreasing . 16
10.3 Process C — Acid emulsion cleaning. 16
10.4 Process D — Abrasive cleaning . 17
10.4.1 General . 17
10.4.2 Method D1 — Coarse-abrasive blasting . 17
10.4.3 Method D2 — Fine-abrasive blasting . 17
10.4.4 Method D3 — Scouring. 17
10.4.5 Method D4 — Tumbling. 17
10.4.6 Method D5 — Wire brushing. 17
10.5 Process E — Caustic-alkali descaling . 18
10.5.1 Method E1 — Sodium hydride descaling . 18
10.5.2 Method E2 — Alkali permanganate descaling . 18
10.6 Process F — Acid pickling without electrolysis . 18
10.6.1 General . 18
10.6.2 Method F1 . 18
10.6.3 Method F2 .
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 27831-1
First edition
2008-10-15
Metallic and other inorganic coatings —
Cleaning and preparation of metal
surfaces —
Part 1:
Ferrous metals and alloys
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques —
Nettoyage et préparation des surfaces métalliques —
Partie 1: Métaux ferreux et alliages
Reference number
©
ISO 2008
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but
shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In
downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat
accepts no liability in this area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In
the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.
© ISO 2008
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
ISO's member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword. vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 2
4 Essential information to be supplied by the purchaser to the processor . 3
5 Requirements . 3
6 Standard cleaning methods. 4
7 Non-corrosion-resisting steels, cast irons and pure irons . 5
7.1 Non-corrosion-resisting steels. 5
7.1.1 Selection of method of cleaning . 5
7.1.2 Stress relief heat treatment . 5
7.1.3 General degreasing and cleaning . 5
7.1.3.1 Steels of tensile strength up to 1 000 MPa . 5
7.1.3.2 Steels of tensile strength in the range 1 000 MPa to 1 400 MPa . 5
7.1.3.3 Steels of tensile strength in the range 1 400 MPa to 1 800 MPa . 5
7.1.3.4 Steels of tensile strength over 1 800 MPa . 6
7.1.4 Preparation prior to electroplating. 6
7.1.5 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nickel plating .7
7.1.6 Preparation prior to phosphate treatment. 7
7.1.7 Preparation prior to sherardizing. 7
7.1.8 Preparation prior to hot-dip galvanizing . 8
7.1.8.1 Steel items other than castings . 8
7.1.8.2 Steel castings . 8
7.1.9 Preparation prior to metal spraying. 8
7.1.9.1 Spraying for protection against corrosion and high-temperature oxidation. 8
7.1.9.2 Spraying for reclamation (recycling) purposes . 8
7.1.10 Preparation prior to the application of diffusion coatings . 8
7.1.11 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling . 9
7.1.11.1 Conventional enamelling method. 9
7.1.11.2 Alternative enamelling method. 9
7.1.12 Preparation prior to hot tinning. 10
7.1.12.1 Preparation for ordinary mild-steel surfaces . 10
7.1.12.2 Preparation of non-reactive mild-steel surfaces (TRI process) . 10
7.1.13 Preparation prior to physical vapour deposition of cadmium and aluminium. 10
7.2 Cast irons . 10
7.2.1 General degreasing and cleaning . 10
7.2.2 Preparation prior to electroplating. 10
7.2.3 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nickel plating . 10
7.2.4 Preparation prior to phosphating and the application of other conversion coatings. 10
7.2.5 Preparation prior to hot tinning. 11
7.2.5.1 “Direct chloride” method (TRI process) . 11
7.2.5.2 Preparation prior to electroplating with a readily tin-platable metal . 11
7.2.6 Preparation prior to hot-dip galvanizing . 11
7.2.7 Preparation prior to metal spraying. 11
7.2.8 Preparation prior to diffusion coating . 12
7.2.9 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling . 12
8 Corrosion-resisting and heat-resisting steels . 12
8.1 Corrosion-resisting steels. 12
8.1.1 Stress-relieving heat treatment . 12
8.1.2 General degreasing and cleaning . 12
8.1.3 Preparation prior to electroplating. 12
8.1.4 Preparation prior to autocatalytic nickel plating . 12
8.1.5 Preparation prior to metal spraying . 12
8.1.5.1 Preparation for metal spraying .12
8.1.5.2 Spraying for reclamation (recycling) purposes. 13
8.1.6 Preparation prior to vitreous enamelling — Austenitic steels . 13
8.2 Heat-resisting steels . 13
9 Pretreatment of metals prior to powder coating. 14
9.1 General degreasing and cleaning . 14
9.2 Preparation of non-corrosion-resisting steels. 14
9.3 Preparation of corrosion-resisting steels. 14
10 Cleaning and preparation processes. 14
10.1 Process A — Organic-solvent degreasing and cleaning . 14
10.1.1 General . 14
10.1.2 Method A1 — Hot solvent, not water-rinsable . 15
10.1.3 Method A2 — Cold solvent, not water-rinsable . 15
10.1.4 Method A3 — Hot solvent, water-rinsable . 15
10.1.5 Method A4 — Cold solvent, water-rinsable . 15
10.1.6 Method A5 — Petroleum fuel based mixtures containing emulsifying agents . 15
10.1.7 Method A6 — Ultrasonic cleaning. 16
10.2 Process B — Alkaline degreasing. 16
10.2.1 General . 16
10.2.2 Method B1 — General-purpose alkaline degreasing. 16
10.2.3 Method B2 — Mild alkaline degreasing .16
10.2.4 Method B3 — Cathodic alkaline degreasing . 16
10.3 Process C — Acid emulsion cleaning. 16
10.4 Process D — Abrasive cleaning . 17
10.4.1 General . 17
10.4.2 Method D1 — Coarse-abrasive blasting . 17
10.4.3 Method D2 — Fine-abrasive blasting . 17
10.4.4 Method D3 — Scouring. 17
10.4.5 Method D4 — Tumbling. 17
10.4.6 Method D5 — Wire brushing. 17
10.5 Process E — Caustic-alkali descaling . 18
10.5.1 Method E1 — Sodium hydride descaling . 18
10.5.2 Method E2 — Alkali permanganate descaling . 18
10.6 Process F — Acid pickling without electrolysis . 18
10.6.1 General . 18
10.6.2 Method F1 . 18
10.6.3 Method F2 .
...
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