ISO 17123-1:2002

Optics and optical instruments — Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments — Part 1: Theory

This part of ISO 17123 gives the theory used in the specification of the test procedures of the other parts of ISO 17123. These procedures assume the use of measuring methods in which systematic influences can be largely compensated or disregarded.

Optique et instruments d'optique — Méthodes d'essai sur site pour les instruments géodésiques et d'observation — Partie 1: Théorie

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 13-Mar-2002
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Mar-2002
• ICS: 17.180.30 - Optical measuring instruments
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 172/SC 6 - Geodetic and surveying instruments
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 172/SC 6 - Geodetic and surveying instruments
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Completion Date: 08-Oct-2010

Relations

• Revised: ISO 17123-1:2010 - Optics and optical instruments — Field procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments — Part 1: Theory
• Effective Date: 18-Dec-2008
• Revises: ISO 8322-1:1989 - Building construction — Measuring instruments — Procedures for determining accuracy in use — Part 1: Theory
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17123-1
First edition
2002-03-15

Optics and optical instruments — Field
procedures for testing geodetic and
surveying instruments —
Part 1:
Theory
Optique et instruments d'optique — Méthodes d'essai sur site pour les
instruments géodésiques et d'observation —
Partie 1: Théorie




Reference number
ISO 17123-1:2002(E)
©
ISO 2002

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 17123-1:2002(E)
PDF disclaimer
This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobe's licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not
be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this
file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobe's licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this
area.
Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters
were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event
that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below.


©  ISO 2002
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body
in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland

ii © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 17123-1:2002(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted
by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 17123 may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 17123-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 172, Optics and optical instruments, Subcommittee
SC 6, Geodetic and surveying instruments.
This part of ISO 17123 cancels and replaces ISO 8322-1:1989, which has been technically revised.
ISO 17123 consists of the following parts, under the general title Optics and optical instruments — Field
procedures for testing geodetic and surveying instruments:
 Part 1: Theory
 Part 2: Levels
 Part 3: Theodolites
 Part 4: Electro-optical distance meters (EDM instruments)
 Part 5: Electronic tacheometers
 Part 6: Rotating lasers
 Part 7: Optical plumbing instruments
Annex A of this part of ISO 17123 is for information only.
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 17123-1:2002(E)
Introduction
ISO 17123 specifies field procedures to be adopted when determining and evaluating the precision of geodetic
instruments and their ancillary equipment when used in building and surveying measurements. Primarily, these
tests are intended to be field verifications of the suitability of a particular instrument for the immediate task at hand
and to satisfy the requirements of other standards. They are not proposed as tests for acceptance or performance
evaluations that are more comprehensive in nature.
ISO 17123 can be thought of as one of the first steps in the process of evaluating the uncertainty of a
measurement (more specifically a measurand). The uncertainty of a result of a measurement is dependent on a
number of factors. These include, among others, repeatability, reproducibility (between day repeatability) and a
thorough assessment of all possible error sources, as prescribed by the ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty
in measurement (GUM).
These field procedures have been developed specifically for in situ applications without the need for special
ancillary equipment and are purposely designed to minimize atmospheric influences.
iv © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17123-1:2002(E)

Optics and optical instruments — Field procedures for testing
geodetic and surveying instruments —
Part 1:
Theory
1 Scope
This part of ISO 17123 gives the theory used in the specification of the test procedures of the other parts of
ISO 17123. These procedures assume the use of measuring methods in which systematic influences can be
largely compensated or disregarded.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 17123. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 17123 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 3534-1, Statistics — Vocabulary and symbols — Part 1: Probability and general statistical terms
ISO 4463-1, Measurement methods for building — Setting-out and measurement — Part 1: Planning and
organization, measuring procedures, acceptance criteria
ISO 7077, Measuring methods for building — General principles and procedures for the verification of dimensional
compliance
ISO 7078, Building construction — Procedures for setting out, measurement and surveying — Vocabulary and
guidance notes
GUM, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement
VIM, International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology (BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP,
OIML)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 17123, the terms and definitions given in ISO 3534-1, ISO 4463-1, ISO 7077,
ISO 7078, GUM and VIM apply.
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 17123-1:2002(E)
4 Expression of the precision of geodetic and surveying instruments
The measure of precision of a geodetic and surveying instrument is expressed in terms of the experimental
2 2
standard deviation, σ (root mean square error), or the variance, σ . The variance, s , of a sample is an estimator
2 2
for the (theoretical) variance, σ , of the population. Bases of the estimation of σ are:
a) The deviations, ε , of the measured values from the corresponding true values (or values considered to be
true)
n
2
ε
j
∑
j=1
2
s = (1)
n
where
n is the number of the measured values.
b) The deviations, r (residuals), of the measured values from the corresponding estimated parameters
n
2
r
∑ j
j=1
2
s = (2)
ν
where
ν is the number of degrees of freedom, i.e. the number of measurements minus the number of
estimated parameters. In the simplest case, these are only arithmetic means of the measurements.
Sometimes, zero-point corrections or other parameters shall be provided additionally.
c) The differences, d, of double measurements (two measurements with the same measurand)
n
2
d
j
∑
j=1
2
s = (3)
2n
where
n is the number of pairs of measurements.
If the contract documentation specifies the permitted deviation for the measuring task, ISO 4463-1 recommends
that the experimental standard deviation satisfy:
p
su (4)
2,5
where
± p is the permitted deviation (according to ISO 4463-1);
s is the measure of precision in use expressed as the experimental standard deviation.
p is compared with the measure of precision in use obtained either from previous precision in use tests, or from
general data which indicate the expected precision in use of the given measuring equipment. In these cases, the
experimental standard deviation, s, representing the measure of precision in use associated with the given
measuring equipment exceeds the specified permitted deviation of the measuring task; consideration should be
given to either selecting a different procedure and/or a more precise instrument, or to discuss with the designer the
need for such a small permitted deviation, p.
2 © ISO 2002 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 17123-1:2002(E)
Most of the other parts of ISO 17123 describe a simplified and a full test procedure for geodetic and surveying
instruments.
5 Equations
5.1 General
The following equations are required for use at the evaluation stage of most of the procedures given in the
subsequent clauses of this part of ISO 17123. They indicate how the achieved measure of precision, expressed in
terms of the standard deviation (root mean square error), is estimated by first calculating the individual standard
deviations for each of the series of measurements and then by combining statistically each of these individual
standard deviations. The equations are given in general terms such that the number, m, of the series of
measurements, the number, n, of individual measurements within each series, and the number, ν, of degrees of
freedom are not defined explicitly (see ISO 3534-1).
th
5.2 Calculation of the standard deviation for the i series of measurements using values
accepted as true
ε =−xx (5)
ij,,i i j
where
th th
ε is the deviation of the j measurement of the i series from the true value or the corresponding value
ij,
accepted as true;
th
x is the true value or the value accepted as true of the i series, derived from another measurement
i
procedure with an uncertainty so small that it can be ignored;
th th
x is the j measurement of the i series.
ij,
n
22 2 2 2
Σε = εε= +ε +⋅⋅⋅+ε (6)
ii∑,,ji1i,2 i,n
j=1
where
th
n is the number of measurements in the i series;
2
Σε is the sum of squares of all true deviations ε (or the corresponding values, accepted as true) within
i ij,
th
the i series of measurements.
2
Σε
i
s = (7)
i
ν
i
where
th
ν is the number of degrees of freedom (ν = n ) for the i series of measurements;
i i
th
s is the experimental standard deviation for the i series of measurements.
i
© ISO 2002 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO 17123-1:2002(E)
th
5.3 Calculation of the experimental stan
...