ISO 8710:2010

Motorcycles — Brakes and brake systems — Tests and measurement methods

ISO 8710:2010 specifies tests and measurement methods for service brake systems and, where applicable, associated parking brake systems of two‑wheeled motorcycles (3‑3), motorcycles with sidecar (3‑4) and tricycles (3‑5) which are intended for use on public roads, in order to establish uniform worldwide test procedures for braking systems. ISO 8710:2010 does not cover motorcycles which: have a maximum speed of less than 25 km/h; are equipped for disabled riders. ISO 8710:2010 sets out the following types of tests: dynamic tests: dry stop test (single brake control actuated); dry stop test (all service brake controls actuated); high speed test; wet brake test; heat fade test; parking brake system test; failure tests: partial failure test (for split service brake systems); power‑assisted brake system failure test.

Motocyles — Freins et systèmes de freinage — Méthodes d'essai et de mesure

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Apr-2010
• ICS: 43.140 - Motorcycles and mopeds
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 38 - Motorcycles and mopeds
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 22/SC 38 - Motorcycles and mopeds
• Current Stage: 9093 - International Standard confirmed
• Completion Date: 02-Apr-2021

Relations

• Revises: ISO 8710:1995 - Motorcycles — Brakes and braking devices — Tests and measurement methods
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8710
Second edition
2010-04-15

Motorcycles — Brakes and brake
systems — Tests and measurement
methods
Motocyles — Freins et systèmes de freinage — Méthodes d'essai et de
mesure




Reference number
ISO 8710:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010

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ISO 8710:2010(E)
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms and definitions .2
3.1 Vehicle categories .2
3.2 Brake system and components .2
3.3 Types of brake systems.3
3.4 Motorcycle loading.3
3.5 Test parameters.4
4 Test site conditions.5
4.1 Test surface .5
4.2 Wind speed .5
4.3 Ambient temperature .5
4.4 Test lane for dynamic tests .5
5 Motorcycle preparation.5
5.1 Tyres .5
5.2 Engine idle speed .5
5.3 Mass distribution.6
5.4 Instrumentation .6
5.5 Burnishing.8
6 Test requirements .9
6.1 Brakes.9
6.2 Brake temperature measurement .9
6.3 Application of control forces.9
6.4 Test sequence.10
6.5 Rider.10
6.6 Automatic transmission.10
6.7 Motorcycle position and wheel lock.10
6.8 Test speed tolerance.10
6.9 Measurement of dynamic performance .11
6.10 Test report.12
7 Test procedures.12
7.1 Dry stop test (single brake control actuated).12
7.2 Dry stop test (all service brake controls actuated).13
7.3 High speed test.14
7.4 Wet brake test .15
7.5 Heat fade test .17
7.6 Parking brake system test.20
7.7 Partial failure test (for split service brake systems) .21
7.8 Power-assisted brake system failure test.22
Annex A (normative) Specimen format for test result sheet.23
Bibliography.31

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ISO 8710:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 8710 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 22, Road vehicles, Subcommittee SC 22,
Motorcycles.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8710:1995), which has been technically revised.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8710:2010(E)

Motorcycles — Brakes and brake systems — Tests and
measurement methods
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies tests and measurement methods for service brake systems and, where
applicable, associated parking brake systems of two-wheeled motorcycles (3-3), motorcycles with sidecar
(3-4) and tricycles (3-5) which are intended for use on public roads, in order to establish uniform worldwide
test procedures for braking systems.
This International Standard does not cover motorcycles which:
⎯ have a maximum speed of less than 25 km/h;
⎯ are equipped for disabled riders.
This International Standard sets out the following types of tests:
⎯ dynamic tests:
⎯ dry stop test (single brake control actuated);
⎯ dry stop test (all service brake controls actuated);
⎯ high speed test;
⎯ wet brake test;
⎯ heat fade test;
⎯ parking brake system test;
⎯ failure tests:
⎯ partial failure test (for split service brake systems);
⎯ power-assisted brake system failure test.
NOTE The test methods (application, condition of the motorcycle, test procedure and parameters, measurement of
performances) for all the tests defined in this International Standard are equivalent to the corresponding test methods
prescribed by UNECE Global Technical Regulation No. 3.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3779, Road vehicles — Vehicle identification number (VIN) — Content and structure
ISO 7117, Motorcycles — Measurement method for determining maximum speed
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1 Vehicle categories
NOTE Vehicle categories as defined in this clause correspond to those given in UNECE Special Resolution No. 1.
3.1.1
category 3 vehicle
power driven vehicle with 2 or 3 wheels designed and constructed for the carriage of persons, of goods, or of
persons and goods
3.1.1.1
category 3-3 vehicle
two-wheeled motorcycle
3
two-wheeled vehicle with an engine cylinder capacity exceeding 50 cm in the case of a thermic engine or a
maximum design speed exceeding 50 km/h, whatever the means of propulsion
3.1.1.2
category 3-4 vehicle
motorcycle with sidecar
vehicle with three wheels asymmetrically arranged in relation to the longitudinal median plane with an engine
3
cylinder capacity exceeding 50 cm in the case of a thermic engine or a maximum design speed exceeding
50 km/h, whatever the means of propulsion
3.1.1.3
category 3-5 vehicle
tricycle
vehicle with three wheels symmetrically arranged in relation to the longitudinal median plane with an engine
3
cylinder capacity exceeding 50 cm in the case of a thermic engine or a maximum design speed exceeding
50 km/h, whatever the means of propulsion
3.2 Brake system and components
3.2.1
brake system
combination of parts (other than the engine), consisting of the control, the transmission(s) and the brake(s),
the function of which is progressively to reduce the speed of a moving motorcycle, bring it to a halt and keep it
stationary if it is already halted
3.2.2
control
part actuated directly by the rider to supply to the transmission or control the energy required for braking the
motorcycle
3.2.3
transmission
combination of components which provide the functional link between the control and the brake
3.2.4
brake
parts of the brake system in which the forces opposing the movement of the motorcycle are developed
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
3.3 Types of brake systems
3.3.1
service brake system
brake system which is used for slowing the motorcycle when in motion
3.3.1.1
single brake system
service brake system which acts on only one axle
3.3.1.2
combined brake system
CBS
〈two-wheeled motorcycles〉 service brake system whereby at least two brakes on different wheels are actuated
by the operation of a single control
3.3.1.3
combined brake system
CBS
〈motorcycles with sidecar〉 service brake system whereby the brakes on at least the front and the rear wheel
are actuated by the operation of a single control
NOTE If the rear wheel and the sidecar wheel are braked by the same brake system, this is regarded as the rear
brake.
3.3.1.4
combined brake system
CBS
〈tricycles〉 service brake system whereby the brakes on all the wheels are actuated by the operation of a
single control
3.3.1.5
secondary brake system
second service brake system on a vehicle equipped with a combined brake system
3.3.1.6
split service brake system
SSBS
service brake system that operates the brakes on all wheels, consisting of two or more subsystems actuated
by a single control designed so that a single failure in any subsystem does not impair the operation of any
other subsystem
NOTE An example of a single failure in a subsystem is a leakage type failure of a hydraulic subsystem.
3.3.2
power-assisted brake system
brake system in which the energy necessary to produce the braking force is supplied by the physical effort of
the rider assisted by one or more energy supplying devices
EXAMPLE Vacuum assisted (with vacuum booster).
3.4 Motorcycle loading
NOTE Vehicle masses as defined in this clause correspond to those given in UNECE Special Resolution No. 1.
3.4.1
laden motorcycle
motorcycle laden so as to reach its gross vehicle mass
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
3.4.2
lightly loaded motorcycle
motorcycle in the condition of mass in running order to which 15 kg are added, in order to account for the test
equipment as described in 5.4
3.4.3
gross vehicle mass
maximum mass of the fully laden solo vehicle, based on its construction and design performances, as
declared by the manufacturer
3.4.4
mass in running order
sum of unladen vehicle mass and 75 kg, in order to account for the driver's mass
3.4.5
unladen vehicle mass
mass of the vehicle with bodywork and all factory fitted equipment, electrical and auxiliary equipment for
normal operation of vehicle, including liquids (fuel tank filled to at least 90 % of the rated capacity and the
other liquid containing systems to 100 % of the capacity specified by the manufacturer), tools, fire extinguisher,
standard spare parts, chocks and spare wheel, if fitted
3.5 Test parameters
3.5.1
test speed
V
motorcycle speed measured at the moment the rider begins to actuate the brake control(s)
NOTE For tests where simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the motorcycle speed is taken from the
moment the first control is actuated.
3.5.2
mean fully developed deceleration
MFDD
d
m
average deceleration calculated from the moment the motorcycle reaches 80 % of the test speed until the
moment the motorcycle reaches 10 % of the test speed
3.5.3
stopping distance
S
distance travelled by the motorcycle, measured from the moment the rider begins to actuate the braking
system control until the moment the motorcycle comes to a stop
NOTE For tests where simultaneous actuation of two controls is specified, the distance travelled is taken from the
moment the first control is actuated.
3.6
baseline test
stop or series of stops carried out in order to confirm the performance of the brake prior to subjecting it to a
further test, such as the heating procedure or wet brake stop
3.7
engine disconnected
condition when the engine is no longer connected to the driving wheel(s)
3.8
initial brake temperature
temperature of the hottest brake before any brake application
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
3.9
maximum speed
V
max
speed which the motorcycle can attain when tested in accordance with ISO 7117
3.10
peak braking coefficient
PBC
measure of tyre to road surface friction based on the maximum deceleration of a rolling tyre
3.11
wheel lock
condition that occurs when there is a slip ratio of 1,00
4 Test site conditions
4.1 Test surface
The test surface for dynamic tests shall be clean, dry and substantially level (i.e. it shall not have a gradient in
excess of 1 %). The surface shall afford good adhesion, i.e. it shall have a nominal peak braking coefficient
(PBC) of 0,9, unless otherwise specified.
The parking brake system test is conducted on a specified gradient. The specified test slope shall have a
clean and dry surface that does not deform under the weight of the motorcycle.
4.2 Wind speed
The average wind speed shall not exceed 5 m/s.
4.3 Ambient temperature
The ambient temperature shall be between 4 °C and 45 °C.
4.4 Test lane for dynamic tests
The test area immediately after the point at which the test is to commence shall be marked with a lane of
sufficient length for the motorcycle to be brought to a stop.
In the case of two-wheeled motorcycles (3-3), this lane shall be 2,5 m wide. In the case of motorcycles with
sidecar (3-4) and tricycles (3-5), this lane shall have a width of 2,5 m plus the motorcycle width.
5 Motorcycle preparation
5.1 Tyres
The tyres shall be inflated to the motorcycle manufacturer's recommended pressure levels as appropriate to
the vehicle loading condition for the test.
5.2 Engine idle speed
The engine idle speed shall be set to the motorcycle manufacturer's specification.
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
5.3 Mass distribution
The mass distribution on the axles for laden motorcycle tests shall be in accordance with the motorcycle
manufacturer's specifications and shall be noted in the test report.
5.4 Instrumentation
The motorcycle shall be prepared for the tests specified in Table 1 by the provision, the calibration, or the
provision and calibration of existing instruments, as required.
Optional instruments may be added to provide data, but care shall be taken to ensure that no equipment
significantly affects the brake system performance or the dynamic characteristics of the motorcycle.
Table 1 — Test sequence and related instrumentation
Test Parameter Example of instrument
(to measure/calculate)
Obligatory Optional
0.
Speed Calibrated speedometer, photoelectronic measuring
Burnishing systems
a
procedure
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
Deceleration Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
1. Speed Calibrated speedometer, photoelectronic measuring
Dry stop systems
test (single
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
brake
control
Control force Force meter
actuated)
Stopping distance Chalk-pellet gun, third wheel, ink jet marker

or

MFDD (see 6.9.2) Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
Force in transmission Hydraulic pressure transducer, cable tension transducer
Control travel Linear potentiometer
2. Speed Calibrated speedometer, photoelectronic measuring
Dry stop systems
test (all
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
service
brake
Control force Force meter
controls
Stopping distance Chalk-pellet gun, third wheel, ink jet marker
actuated)

or

MFDD (see 6.9.2) Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
Force in transmission Hydraulic pressure transducer, cable tension transducer
Control travel Linear potentiometer


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ISO 8710:2010(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Test Parameter Example of instrument
(to measure/calculate)
Obligatory Optional
3. Speed Calibrated speedometer, photoelectronic measuring
High speed
systems
test
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
Control force Force meter
Stopping distance Chalk-pellet gun, third wheel, ink jet marker

or

MFDD (see 6.9.2) Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
Force in transmission Hydraulic pressure transducer, cable tension transducer
Control travel Linear potentiometer
4. Speed Calibrated speedometer, photoelectronic measuring
Wet brake systems
a
test
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
Control force Force meter
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
Deceleration throughout Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
braking stop
Distance Third wheel
Force in transmission Hydraulic pressure transducer, cable tension transducer
Control travel Linear potentiometer
5. Heat Speed Calibrated speedometer, photoelectronic measuring
a
systems
fade test
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
Control force Force meter
Stopping distance Chalk-pellet gun, third wheel, ink jet marker

or

MFDD (see 6.9.2) Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
Time Stopwatch
Distance Third wheel
Deceleration throughout Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
braking stop
Force in transmission Hydraulic pressure transducer, cable tension transducer
Control travel Linear potentiometer
6. Time Stopwatch
Parking
Control force Force meter
brake
system
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
test
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
Control travel Linear potentiometer
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Test Parameter Example of instrument
(to measure/calculate)
Obligatory Optional
7. Speed Calibrated speedometer, photoelectronic measuring
Partial systems
failure test
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
Control force Force meter
Stopping distance Chalk-pellet gun, third wheel, ink jet marker

or

MFDD (see 6.9.2) Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
Force in transmission Hydraulic pressure transducer, cable tension transducer
Control travel Linear potentiometer
8. Speed Calibrated speedometer, photoelectronic measuring
Power- systems
assisted
Brake temperature Rubbing thermocouple, embedded thermocouple
brake
system
Control force Force meter
failure test
Stopping distance Chalk-pellet gun, third wheel, ink jet marker

or

MFDD (see 6.9.2) Motometer, third wheel, recording deceleration meter
Motorcycle mass Load cells, weighbridge
Force in transmission Hydraulic pressure transducer, cable tension transducer
Control travel Linear potentiometer
a
Where this test result depends on the analysis of a deceleration trace provided by a recording system, the system shall have
damping and frequency-response characteristics, such that the behaviour of the motorcycle under braking is faithfully reproduced.

5.5 Burnishing
5.5.1 General
Prior to submitting a motorcycle for tests, the motorcycle brakes shall be burnished. This procedure may be
completed by the motorcycle's manufacturer.
5.5.2 Motorcycle condition
The motorcycle condition shall be as follows:
a) motorcycle lightly loaded;
b) engine disconnected.
NOTE If the mass of the lightly loaded motorcycle exceeds the mass of the laden motorcycle, the laden condition is
used for the purposes of this subclause.
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
5.5.3 Procedure
The test procedure shall be as described below.
a) Test speed:
⎯ initial speed: 50 km/h or 0,8 V , whichever is lower;
max
⎯ final speed: 5 km/h to 10 km/h.
b) Brake application: each service brake system control actuated separately.
c) Motorcycle deceleration:
2 2
⎯ single front brake system only: between 3,0 m/s and 3,5 m/s ;
2 2
⎯ single rear brake system only: between 1,5 m/s and 2,0 m/s ;
2 2
⎯ CBS or split service brake system: between 3,5 m/s and 4,0 m/s .
d) Number of decelerations: 100 per brake system.
e) Initial brake temperature before each brake application: u 100 °C.
f) For the first stop, accelerate the motorcycle to the initial speed and then actuate the brake control under
the conditions specified until the final speed is reached. Then, reaccelerate to the initial speed and
maintain that speed until the brake temperature falls to the specified initial value. When these conditions
are met, reapply the brake as specified. Repeat this procedure for the number of specified decelerations.
After burnishing, adjust the brakes in accordance with the motorcycle manufacturer's recommendations.
6 Test requirements
6.1 Brakes
Brakes and brake systems shall not be adjusted at any time during the dynamic tests.
After the tests, the components of the brake system shall be examined for signs of damage, permanent
distortion, friction material detachment and brake fluid leakage.
6.2 Brake temperature measurement
The brake temperature shall be measured at approximately the centre of the braking path of the disc or drum
using:
a) a rubbing thermocouple that is in contact with the surface of the disc or drum; or
b) a thermocouple that is embedded in the friction material.
6.3 Application of control forces
The control forces shall be applied rapidly, up to the prescribed level, and then maintained constant during the
stop.
For a hand control lever, the input force, F, is applied on the control lever's forward surface, perpendicular to
the axis between the central axis of the lever fulcrum and its outermost point, on the plane along which the
control lever rotates (see Figure 1).
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ISO 8710:2010(E)
Dimensions in millimetres

Key
1 lever fulcrum
F input force
Figure 1 — Force application for hand control levers
The input force is applied to a point located 50 mm from the outermost point of the control lever, measured
along the axis between the central axis of the fulcrum of the lever and its outermost point.
For a foot control pedal, the input force is applied to the centre of the control pedal, at right angles.
6.4 Test sequence
The motorcycles may be subjected to either an individual test or a complete series of tests. When the
complete series of tests is conducted, the test sequence given in Table 1 should be followed for subsequent
tests in order to obtain repeatability. For the same reason and to minimize variations, it is recommended that
the heat fade test be always the last test to be carried out.
6.5 Rider
During every dynamic test, the rider shall be seated on the saddle as for normal driving and shall maintain the
same position throughout the test run.
6.6 Automatic transmission
Motorcycles with automatic transmission shall complete all tests, whether they are for “engine connected” or
“engine disconnected”.
If an automatic transmission has a neutral position, the neutral position shall be selected for tests where
“engine disconnected” is specified.
6.7 Motorcycle position and wheel lock
The motorcycle shall be positioned in the centre of the test lane for the beginning of each stop.
Stops shall be made without the motorcycle wheels passing outside the applicable test lane and without wheel
lock.
6.8 Test speed tolerance
The speeds specified are subject to a tolerance of ± 5 km/h.
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