ISO 21262:2020
(Main)Industrial trucks — Safety rules for application, operation and maintenance
Industrial trucks — Safety rules for application, operation and maintenance
This document gives safety requirements for the application, operation, maintenance, transport, tow, assembly and storage of industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) as defined in ISO 5053‑1. It applies to the following truck types: a) counterbalance lift trucks; b) reach trucks (with retractable mast or retractable fork arm carriage); c) straddle trucks; d) pallet-stacking trucks; e) platform trucks; f) double stackers; g) side-loading trucks (one side only); h) lateral-stacking trucks (both sides), and lateral- and front-stacking trucks; i) order-picking trucks; j) bidirectional and multidirectional trucks; k) counterbalance container handlers; l) articulated counterbalance lift trucks; m) variable-reach trucks; n) pallet trucks; o) platform and stillage trucks; p) tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N; q) burden and personnel carriers; r) trucks powered by battery, diesel, gasoline or gas (e.g. LPG, CNG, LNG). Automated functions and driverless variants of the above list of trucks are also considered part of this scope.
Chariots de manutention — Règles de sécurité pour les applications, l'utilisation et la maintenance
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21262
First edition
2020-05
Industrial trucks — Safety rules
for application, operation and
maintenance
Chariots de manutention — Règles de sécurité pour les applications,
l'utilisation et la maintenance
Reference number
©
ISO 2020
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Basic requirements . 3
4.1 General requirements . 3
4.2 General requirements for the operator . 4
4.3 Training program . 4
4.4 Operating condition . 7
4.4.1 Travel surface . 7
4.4.2 Lighting . 7
4.4.3 Aisles and obstructions . 7
4.5 Pre-shift checks . 7
4.6 Travel requirements . 8
4.6.1 General requirements . 8
4.6.2 Driving in narrow aisles .10
4.6.3 Driving over bridge plates or dockboards .11
4.6.4 Driving in lift or elevator .11
4.6.5 Driving on slopes .11
4.6.6 Driving in containers .12
4.7 Load handling .12
4.7.1 General requirements .12
4.7.2 Picking up or depositing a load .13
4.7.3 Stacking loads .14
4.7.4 Handling of suspended and liquid loads .14
4.8 Parking the truck .15
5 Additional requirements according to truck type .15
5.1 Electric trucks .15
5.1.1 General requirement for all battery type .15
5.1.2 Requirement for flooded Lead-acid battery .16
5.1.3 Requirement for lithium ion .17
5.1.4 Requirement for fuel cell .17
5.2 IC trucks .17
5.3 Towing tractors and trucks with trailers .18
5.4 Pedestrian-controlled truck .19
5.5 Counterbalance lift trucks up to 10 000 kg capacity, side-loading trucks and
variable-reach trucks .20
5.6 Trucks with elevating operator position and trucks specifically designed to travel
with elevated loads .20
5.7 Trucks for handling containers .20
5.8 Low-lift order-picking trucks .20
5.9 Trucks operating in potentially explosive areas .21
6 Use of attachments on the truck.21
7 Transport, towing, assembly and storage of the truck .21
7.1 Transport of the truck .21
7.2 Towing of the truck .22
7.3 Assembly of the truck .22
7.4 Storage of the truck .22
8 Truck modification .23
9 Maintenance requirements .23
Annex A (informative) Special safety considerations .26
Bibliography .29
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 110, Industrial trucks, Subcommittee
SC 2, Safety of powered industrial trucks.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21262:2020(E)
Industrial trucks — Safety rules for application, operation
and maintenance
1 Scope
This document gives safety requirements for the application, operation, maintenance, transport, tow,
assembly and storage of industrial trucks (hereafter referred to as trucks) as defined in ISO 5053-1.
It applies to the following truck types:
a) counterbalance lift trucks;
b) reach trucks (with retractable mast or retractable fork arm carriage);
c) straddle trucks;
d) pallet-stacking trucks;
e) platform trucks;
f) double stackers;
g) side-loading trucks (one side only);
h) lateral-stacking trucks (both sides), and lateral- and front-stacking trucks;
i) order-picking trucks;
j) bidirectional and multidirectional trucks;
k) counterbalance container handlers;
l) articulated counterbalance lift trucks;
m) variable-reach trucks;
n) pallet trucks;
o) platform and stillage trucks;
p) tractors with a drawbar pull up to and including 20 000 N;
q) burden and personnel carriers;
r) trucks powered by battery, diesel, gasoline or gas (e.g. LPG, CNG, LNG).
Automated functions and driverless variants of the above list of trucks are also considered part of
this scope.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3691-1, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 1: Self-propelled industrial
trucks, other than driverless trucks, variable-reach trucks and burden-carrier trucks
ISO 3691-4, Industrial trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 4: Driverless industrial trucks
and their systems
ISO 5053-1, Industrial trucks — Terminology and classification — Part 1: Types of industrial trucks
ISO 5057, Industrial trucks — Inspection and repair of fork arms in service on fork-lift trucks
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5053-1 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
user
owner or hirer of trucks
3.2
operator
designated person, appropriately trained and authorized, who is responsible for the movement and
load handling of a truck
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the truck type, the operator can be riding on the truck, on foot accompanying
the truck (e.g. tiller-, cable-controlled) or remote from the truck (e.g. remote radio-controlled) or initiating
automatic/driverless operations.
Note 2 to entry: If a driverless truck, the operator shall be the person appropriately trained and authorized to
start automatic operation(s) of the truck.
3.3
hazard zone
danger zone
any space within and/or around machinery in which a person can be exposed to a hazard
Note 1 to entry: The zone which can be reached by goods, operating equipment or load carrying devices in the
process of lowering or falling also belongs to hazard zone.
Note 2 to entry: If a driverless truck system is in use, the areas in which the truck(s) operate may be classified as
operating, operating hazard or restricted.
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.11, modified — Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been added.]
3.4
trainer
person who conducts the training of the operator (3.2)
3.5
narrow aisle
traffic path for trucks where the limited distance between the outer parts of the truck including the
load and fixed parts of the environment (e.g. racking) is a hazard
3.6
automated function
movement for transport or positioning of the truck and/or load initiated by the operator (3.2) but not
requiring continued action by the operator
[SOURCE: ISO 24134:2006, 3.1]
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
3.7
driverless truck
powered truck, designed to operate automatically to transport loads
Note 1 to entry: Driverless trucks can have a manual mode where all operations are under the control of an
operator (3.2).
[SOURCE: ISO 3691-4:2020, 3.7, modified — In the term, "industrial" has been omitted and Note 1 to
entry has been added.]
3.8
competent person
person who has acquired, through training, qualification, experience or a combination of these, the
knowledge and skill enabling that person to correctly perform the required tasks
[SOURCE: ISO 11525-1:2020, 3.4]
3.9
unattended
truck situation where the operator (3.2) is 7 m or more from the normal operating position and the
truck remains in the operator's view, or the operator leaves the truck and it is not in the operator's view
4 Basic requirements
4.1 General requirements
4.1.1 The user shall specify and use the appropriate truck and equipment for the processes and
operating environment. The user shall ensure that all information plate(s) (e.g. capacity) and markings
are in place and are maintained in a legible condition.
4.1.2 The truck shall be used, operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.
4.1.3 Only trucks of types approved for use in potentially explosive atmospheres shall be used in those
environments.
4.1.4 If trucks are used in special areas, such as cold storage or public roads, additional requirements
can apply.
4.1.5 Additional measures or equipment for fire protection may be requested by the user of the truck
according to the environment(s) in which the truck is used.
4.1.6 The user shall ensure trucks used in work environments subject to hazard from static electrical
discharge are equipped with anti-static devices.
4.1.7 When damage, or other defects which affect safety on a truck or attachment, is detected, the
truck shall be taken out of service immediately. Trucks and attachments which are not safe to operate
shall not be put into service until they have been properly repaired.
NOTE It is considered good practice to place temporary warnings to trucks indicating they are not safe to
operate.
4.1.8 The user shall assess noise emissions to operator and other persons.
4.1.9 Except as in Clause 9, no person shall be permitted to stand or pass under the elevated part of
any truck, regardless of whether the truck is laden or unladen.
4.1.10 Except as in Clause 9, no person shall allow any part of their body, such as arms, legs or head, to
be put between working parts of the truck (e.g. mast).
4.1.11 The user shall provide monitoring and controls of the operating environment to ensure the safety
of persons around the truck and the safe operation of truck (see Annex A).
4.1.12 The operator shall be trained in the operation of the truck including any attachments and any
automated functions, and shall operate according to the manufacturer’s operating instructions.
4.1.13 The operator shall be trained regarding their obligations and be familiar with all the safety
information including operating instructions of the truck.
4.1.14 The user shall designate the person(s) responsible for supervising truck operator(s). The person(s)
responsible for supervising powered truck operator(s) shall be trained in how to apply actions that:
— reinforce operator safety rules and practices; and
— correct unsafe operator behaviour or performance that does not conform to the requirements in 4.2.
4.1.15 The user shall not allow unauthorized persons to use the truck and shall take measures to
prevent this (e.g. instruction for the operator on how to leave the truck).
4.2 General requirements for the operator
4.2.1 The operator shall pay attention to the operating environment, including other persons, and
fixed or movable objects in the vicinity of the truck and truck travel path.
4.2.2 If the operator’s compartment floor height is 300 mm or higher, the operator shall use 3-point
contact, such as maintaining contact with one hand and two feet or two hands and one foot at all times,
when mounting or dismounting a truck. Keep hands free of items (e.g. food, beverage, tools, phones).
4.2.3 The operator shall always face the truck when getting on or off the truck.
4.2.4 The operator shall wear the protective equipment necessary for the specific type and operating
conditions of the truck (e.g. safety footwear).
4.2.5 When leaving the truck, except pedestrian-propelled trucks, the operator shall secure it against
unauthorized use.
4.2.6 Self-propelled trucks shall not be used to transport passengers unless they are specially equipped
for this purpose and the number of permissible passengers on the truck shall not be exceeded.
4.2.7 Before starting the truck, the operator shall ensure that there are no persons in the hazard zone.
When operating the truck, a warning signal shall be given if persons are in danger. The operator shall
stop operating the truck immediately if persons do not leave the hazard zone despite an appropriate
warning.
4.3 Training program
4.3.1 Personnel who have not been trained to operate powered trucks may operate a truck for the
purposes of training only, and only under the direct supervision of the trainer. This training should be
conducted in an area away from other trucks, obstacles, and pedestrians.
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
4.3.2 The training program shall emphasize safe and proper operation to avoid injury to the operator
and others and prevent property damage, and shall cover the following areas:
a) fundamentals of the powered truck(s) the trainee will operate, including:
— characteristics of the powered truck(s) and attachments, including variations between trucks
in the workplace;
— differences between automobiles and trucks;
— significance of nameplate data, including rated capacity, warnings, and the instructions affixed
to the truck;
— operating instructions and warnings in the manufacturer’s instruction handbook for the truck,
and instructions for inspection and maintenance to be performed by the operator;
— type of motive power and its traction characteristics;
— method of steering;
— braking method and characteristics, with and without load;
— visibility, with and without load, forward and reverse;
— load handling capacity, weight and load centre;
— stability characteristics with and without load, with and without attachments;
— controls – location, function, method of operation, identification of symbols;
— load handling capabilities, forks, attachments;
— hazards due to production of carbon monoxide by internal combustion engines and common
initial symptoms of exposure;
— refuelling and battery charging;
— guards and protective devices for the specific type of truck;
— other characteristics of the specific truck;
— what to do in an emergency (e.g. tip-over, off-dock);
— where installed, automated functions and their characteristics and basic operating principles;
— the procedure and sequence of operation for start-up and shut-down of the truck;
b) operating environment and its effect on truck operation including, as appropriate:
— floor or ground conditions including temporary conditions;
— ramps and inclines, with and without load;
— trailers, railcars and dockboards (including the use of wheel chocks, jacks, and other securing
devices);
— refuelling and battery charging facilities;
— the use of “classified” trucks in areas classified as hazardous due to risk of fire or explosion, as
appropriate;
— narrow aisles, doorways, overhead wires and piping, and other areas of limited clearance;
— areas where the truck may be operated near other powered trucks, other vehicles, or pedestrians;
— use and capacity of elevators;
— operation near edge of dock or edge of improved surface;
— other special operating conditions and hazards that can be encountered;
c) operation of the powered truck, including:
— preshift inspection and method for removing from operation a truck that is in need of repair;
— load handling techniques: lifting, lowering, picking up, placing, tilting;
— travelling, with and without loads; turning corners;
— parking and shutdown procedures;
— other special operating conditions for the specific application;
d) operating safety rules and practices including:
— provisions in Clauses 4 to 7 addressing operating safety rules and practices;
— provisions in Clauses 8 to 9 addressing care of the truck;
— other rules, regulations, or practices specified by the user at the location where the powered
truck will be used.
4.3.3 Operational training practice shall:
— if feasible, be conducted in an area separate from other workplace activities and personnel;
— be conducted under the supervision of the trainer;
— include the actual operation or simulated performance of all operating tasks such as load handling,
manoeuvring, travelling, stopping, starting, and other activities under the conditions that will be
encountered in the use of the truck.
4.3.4 The trainer shall have received appropriate training in instructional techniques and skills
assessment.
4.3.5 The trainer shall only give instruction on types of truck and attachments for which they have
been trained and successfully tested as operators. The trainer shall have experience to enable them to
put their instruction in context and have knowledge of the working environment in which the trainee
will be expected to operate.
4.3.6 Appropriate training records shall be kept.
4.3.7 Operators shall be retrained when new equipment is introduced, existing equipment is modified,
operating conditions are changed, or an operator’s performance is unsatisfactory (periodic retraining as
determined by the user).
4.3.8 Training shall be given on all types of trucks and attachments that the operator will be required
to operate. If the operator is subsequently required to operate another type of truck or attachment,
additional training shall be given.
NOTE Operators with some experience of trucks or relevant experience of similar vehicles can need less
extensive training than those with no experience. However, the value of such experience is best not overestimated.
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
4.4 Operating condition
4.4.1 Travel surface
4.4.1.1 The operating area and travel surface for the truck shall conform to the specifications of the
truck manufacturer.
4.4.1.2 The travel surface of the operating area shall be sufficiently firm, level and free of obstructions.
If necessary, drain channels, railway crossings and other similar surfaces shall be covered with bridge
plates or dockboards.
4.4.1.3 The gradient on which the truck can operate shall not exceed the limits specified by the truck
manufacturer. Transitions at the upper and lower end of gradients shall be constructed to prevent the
load from touching the floor or causing damage to the truck.
4.4.1.4 The travel surface where narrow aisle trucks are used shall be flat, dry, horizontal, and free of
cracks or damage that would inhibit proper truck operation, and shall conform to the specifications of
the truck manufacturer.
4.4.1.5 There shall be adequate clearance between the truck, the load, and fixed object(s) of the
surrounding areas.
4.4.1.6 Hazard areas (e.g. blind intersections, pedestrian traffic areas, doorways) in the operating area
shall be secured or marked by appropriate signage.
4.4.2 Lighting
The truck shall only be operated in areas where lighting is adequate for the activity. Additional
equipment shall be required to operate the truck in areas of insufficient lighting.
4.4.3 Aisles and obstructions
4.4.3.1 Permanent aisles, roadways or passageways, floors, and ramps shall be clearly defined or marked.
NOTE National legislation can exist.
4.4.3.2 Permanent or temporary protrusions of loads, equipment, material, and construction facilities
into the usual operating area shall be guarded, clearly and distinctively marked, or clearly visible.
4.4.3.3 Where driverless trucks are operating, the permanent aisles, roadways or passageways, floors,
and ramps shall be marked in accordance with ISO 3691-4.
4.5 Pre-shift checks
4.5.1 Before operating the truck, the operator or a person designated by the user shall check its
operating condition in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction handbook. The items below, if
applicable, shall be checked before the beginning of work:
— fuel system functions;
— power systems function;
— steering system function;
— load handling system functions (e.g. lift, lower, reach, tilt, side shift);
— hydraulic system for damage or leaks;
— service and parking brake functions;
— limit device to prevent fork arm from disengaging (e.g. positioning lock) for defects;
— load lifting device for damages (e.g. twists, cracks or wear and tear);
— wheel fasteners and pressure of pneumatic tyres and condition of tyres;
— warning devices function;
— lights function;
— meter display function;
— distance and angle sensors function;
— operator controls function;
— function of additional items, such as attachments or special equipment;
— emergency switch off/power disconnect function;
— operator restraint system (e.g. seatbelt);
— reversing switch function on the end of the tiller of pedestrian controlled trucks;
— operator fall protection system (e.g. guarding, fall protection device).
4.5.2 If the truck is found to be in need of repair or unsafe during the pre-shift check, the operator or
designated person shall report the matter immediately to the user’s designated authority, and the truck
shall not be operated until it has been restored to a safe operating condition.
4.5.3 Repairs or adjustments shall only be carried out by competent persons specifically authorized
to do so.
4.6 Travel requirements
4.6.1 General requirements
4.6.1.1 The operator shall comply with the relevant work place instructions when operating a truck.
4.6.1.2 The truck laden and unladen mass shall not exceed the admissible area and point load of the
travel surface.
4.6.1.3 The operator shall adapt the travel speed of the truck according to local conditions (e.g. while
turning, close to or in narrow passageways, through swinging doors, at blind intersections or on uneven
surfaces).
4.6.1.4 The operator shall always keep a safe braking distance from vehicles or persons in the direction
of travel. When travelling, the operator shall focus on the operation of the truck and shall ensure it is
under control at all times.
NOTE The braking distance can vary depending on floor conditions (e.g. wet, dusty, sloping).
4.6.1.5 When travelling, the operator shall ensure the travel path is clear and shall look in the direction
of travel. If other vehicles or pedestrians can be in the vicinity when turning, at aisle intersections, or
at other points of limited visibility, the operator shall give audible signals, reduce the speed or stop the
8 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
truck, then pass slowly after security is confirmed. The operator shall look at the space between the truck,
the load and possible obstructions before turning/manoeuvring to ensure there is adequate clearance.
4.6.1.6 If the load is obstructing the view, the operator shall drive the truck with the load trailing
(except uphill), or the operator shall drive the truck at walking speed with particular caution under
guidance of a spotter in a safe location.
4.6.1.7 If auxiliary visibility equipment (e.g. mirror, camera/monitor systems) are required to expand
visibility, the operator shall be competent in the use of this equipment. The operator shall look in the
direction of the travel path and keep a clear view of it.
4.6.1.8 The operator should not commence travel with the steered wheels at the full-lock position
except where operating conditions require otherwise.
4.6.1.9 The operator shall make starts, stops, turns or direction reversals in a smooth manner. Sudden
stops, quick turns or overtaking at dangerous or blind intersections shall be avoided.
4.6.1.10 For rider-controlled trucks, when the truck is travelling, the operator and passengers (if
allowed) shall keep their whole body within the plan view of the truck.
Exception: Rider-controlled trucks with tiller arm, when the tiller arm is in the normal operating
position, the arms/hands may be outside of the plan view of the truck.
4.6.1.11 When travelling, the height of the load or load carrying devices shall be kept at the travelling
position as specified by the manufacturer to clear the travel path surface and obstructions, and where
possible, tilted backwards with the mast or fork arms retracted (where applicable). The load shall not
be elevated except during stacking. This does not apply to trucks specifically designed to travel with
elevated loads.
4.6.1.12 Combined operation (travelling and load operating simultaneously) shall not be carried out
unless specifically permitted by the truck manufacturer.
4.6.1.13 In the event of a failure (e.g. of the steering system or service brake system), the operator shall
bring the truck to a standstill as quickly as is safely possible.
4.6.1.14 Trucks shall be operated in such a way that the risk of tip-over is avoided.
The following conditions can increase the risk of tip-overs:
— failure to slow down to a safe speed before making a turn both laden and unladen;
— quick turning;
— sudden stopping;
— driving with an elevated load or load carrying device;
— driving with a side-shifted load;
— turning on or traversing across a slope;
— driving with the load downslope on the upslope or downslope;
— driving with wide loads;
— driving with swinging loads;
— driving on the ramp edge or step;
— loading operation of a lorry (e.g. if the lorry or trailer starts to drive off during loading operation,
the bridge plates or dockboards are not in the right position or one wheel of the truck is over the
lorry edge);
— travelling with the load raised in areas other than in front of the stack or the racking in non-elevating
operator trucks; travelling with the load raised outside of the aisles for elevating operator trucks;
— tilting the mast forward with elevated load;
— driving on uneven roads;
— overloading;
— handling loads in strong winds;
— when transporting liquids, the centre of gravity within a picked-up container can change because of
the effect of inertia (e.g. when starting, braking, cornering).
4.6.1.15 Before leaving the operator’s position, the operator shall:
— bring truck to a complete stop;
— place the directional control in neutral;
— apply the parking brake if not automatically applied;
— lower load-carrying device (e.g. forks) fully, unless supporting an elevated work platform;
— if leaving the truck unattended, see 4.8.
4.6.1.16 Care shall be taken not to contact overhead installations such as lights, wiring, pipes, sprinkler
systems, doorways, etc.
The operator shall ensure there are sufficient overhead clearances before activating any automated
operations of the truck.
4.6.1.17 Emergency vehicles such as fire trucks and ambulances shall be given the right of way.
4.6.1.18 A traffic management plan shall be implemented by the user so that trucks and pedestrians
interact safely.
4.6.1.19 Programming, configuring and execution of driverless truck system operation shall comply
with 4.6.
4.6.2 Driving in narrow aisles
4.6.2.1 Operating in narrow aisles is only allowed with trucks intended for this purpose.
4.6.2.2 Entry of unauthorized persons to narrow aisles shall be prohibited. These areas shall be
identified accordingly.
4.6.2.3 Before driving into a narrow aisle, the operator shall check whether there are persons or other
trucks in the aisle. Where protective measures (e.g. warning signs at the entrance of narrow aisles) are
not in place, trucks shall be prohibited from entering narrow aisles.
4.6.2.4 The existing safety equipment on trucks and/or the racking used to reduce risks and to protect
persons shall not be made inoperative, misused, adjusted or removed.
10 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
4.6.2.5 If a narrow aisle truck is fitted with a non-mechanical guidance system, the truck shall only be
driven out of the narrow aisle after slowing down and sounding the audible device.
4.6.2.6 If pedestrians are required to remain in narrow aisles, appropriate protective measures shall
be provided (e.g. warning signs at the entrance of narrow aisles, trucks prohibited from entering and
operating in aisles, etc).
4.6.3 Driving over bridge plates or dockboards
Before driving over a bridge plate or dockboard, the operator shall ensure that:
— the bridge plate or dockboard is properly mounted;
— the bridge plate or dockboard is secured;
— the bridge plate or dockboard has sufficient carrying capacity;
— measures have been taken to prevent the lorry connected with bridge plates or dockboards from
rolling or driving off;
— a safe distance is maintained from the edge while on any ramp, elevated dock, or platform (see 7.1.2).
4.6.4 Driving in lift or elevator
4.6.4.1 Before entering the elevator (lift), the operator shall verify that the combined weight of the
truck, including load, battery and attachment (if fitted), and the operator, does not exceed the capacity of
the lift or elevator and floor capacity of the elevator.
When operating the truck, the operator shall approach the elevator slowly.
When entering the elevator, the operator shall ensure the truck with load enters squarely and the truck
or load does not contact the sides of the elevator.
4.6.4.2 The truck shall be secured inside the lifts or elevators in such a way that no part can come into
contact with the wall.
4.6.4.3 The truck shall be secured in such a way that it cannot be moved unintentionally.
4.6.4.4 Pedestrian-controlled trucks shall only be driven into a lift or elevator with the load carrying
devices leading. Persons using the lift or elevator at the same time shall only enter the lift after the truck
is stationary with the parking brake engaged and shall depart from the lift before the truck’s brake is
disengaged.
4.6.5 Driving on slopes
4.6.5.1 The truck shall only be operated on slopes which can be driven on safely in accordance with the
truck manufacturer’s specifications. The operator shall drive the truck straight up and down a slope and
not traverse or turn on it.
4.6.5.2 Operator shall be trained to drive downhill with a maximum speed not more than the speed of
the truck when driving uphill.
4.6.5.3 Parking trucks on slopes is not permitted. If the truck must be left unattended on a slope, the
wheels shall be chocked.
4.6.5.4 The towing tractor shall not brake suddenly, when driving downhill towing trailer(s) without
brakes.
4.6.5.5 A safe distance shall be maintained from the edge while on any slope, elevated dock, or platform.
4.6.5.6 For rider-controlled trucks, the operator shall travel with the load upslope when laden. In all
other cases, the operator shall follow the information provided in the manufacturer’s instruction
handbook.
4.6.6 Driving in containers
4.6.6.1 The truck shall be suitable for driving in containers (e.g. size, weight).
4.6.6.2 When the truck is driven in containers, the operator shall ensure that security measures have
been taken to prevent the containers from rolling.
4.6.6.3 If IC trucks are driven in containers, the provisions in 5.2.10 shall be observed.
4.7 Load handling
4.7.1 General requirements
4.7.1.1 The carrying capacity specified for the truck shall not be exceeded. It is affected by the load
centre, lift height and other factors (e.g. the type of tyres, attachments). The corresponding warning
labels on trucks shall be observed.
4.7.1.2 The operator shall ensure proper condition of the load to be handled. Only stable and safely
arranged loads shall be handled.
4.7.1.3 The user shall ensure that loads to be handled by driverless trucks without systems for
monitoring load stability are checked for suitability prior to automated operation and handling.
4.7.1.4 Unless otherwise permitted by the design of the truck or manufacturer’s instructions, pallets
(load units) shall be transported individually.
4.7.1.5 If a load or part presents a hazard of it falling toward the operator, an appropriate load backrest
extension or a supplementary screen shall be used.
4.7.1.6 If there is a risk of small loads falling through the openings of the overhead guard or load
backrest extension, an appropriate supplementary screen shall be used.
4.7.1.7 If the truck is fitted with an overhead guard and removal is permitted by the manufacturer, the
user shall not use the truck without the overhead guard fitted unless the following conditions are met.
1) Vertical movement of the lifting mechanism is restricted to 1 800 mm or less from the ground for all
rider trucks. As an exception, double stack trucks according to ISO 5053-1:2020, 3.17, may provide
a lift height up to and including 2 300 mm when fitted with a load backrest extension to allow safe
load handling. The load backrest extension shall be constructed according to ISO 3691-1. The user
shall refer to the manufacturer’s instruction handbook for information of the specific requirements
when using load backrest extensions.
12 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
2) The truck shall be operated only in areas where:
— the bottom of the top tier load is not higher than 1 800 mm and the top is not more than 3 000 mm
from the ground when tiered;
— only stable (preferably interlocked, unitized, or containerized) loads are handled;
— there is a means of protection against falling objects from adjacent high stack areas.
4.7.1.8 Where overhead obstructions limit the overall height of the truck, the normal overhead guard
height and the vertical clearance under the guard may be reduced, where approved by the manufacturer.
Restrictions on use due to the reduced vertical clearance shall be identified on the truck.
NOTE ISO 6055 provides further information.
4.7.1.9 When operating in aisles, only pallets which do not exceed the specified largest size may be
stacked.
4.7.1.10 When operating the truck with the load carrying device in an elevated position while
manoeuvring during stacking, regardless of with or without load, caution shall be used when operating
the steering and braking controls.
4.7.1.11 When the load carrying device is elevated, it should only be tilted forward in front of or over the
stack, if the truck is intended for this purpose. Where tilt is provided, carefully tilt the load backward to
stabilize the load. Caution shall be used in tilting backward with high or segmented loads. Wh
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