ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011
(Main)Information technology — Document description and processing languages — Guidelines for translation between ISO/IEC 26300 and ISO/IEC 29500 document formats
Information technology — Document description and processing languages — Guidelines for translation between ISO/IEC 26300 and ISO/IEC 29500 document formats
OASIS Open Document Format ODF 1.0 (ISO/IEC 26300) and Office Open XML (ISO/IEC 29500) are both open document formats for saving and exchanging word processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations. Both formats are XML based but differ in design and scope. ISO/IEC TR 29166:2012 aims at analysing the two International Standards and their underlying concepts in terms of interoperability issues for a selected set of features. It analyses the way these features are implemented in both International Standards and estimates the degree of translatability between them using a table-based comparison. ISO/IEC TR 29166:2012 serves as a preliminary technical translation guideline for evaluating translatability between certain parts of the two International Standards. It does not compare different implementations which can cause additional kinds of interoperability problems. It starts by studying common use cases to identify how the most important functionalities of one document format can be represented in the other format. This is followed by a thorough review of the concepts, architectures and various features of the two document formats in order to provide a good understanding of the commonalities and differences. It is expected that functionalities will be able to be translated with different degrees of fidelity to the other format. As an illustrative sample of this functionality, detailed information is provided on the extent to which those functionalities can be translated. ISO/IEC TR 29166:2012 addresses both developers seeking to implement either ISO/IEC 26300 or ISO/IEC 29500 and template designers and other power users whose competences cut across the spectrum of XML and XML-related technologies which directly or remotely deal with one or both of the two International Standards. ISO/IEC TR 29166:2012 will be of great assistance to those seeking to exchange documents between formats, to extract data from or import data into documents, or to write applications supporting the two formats. ISO/IEC TR 29166:2012 is a necessary step to the goal of helping achieve interoperability and harmonization between the two formats. It should encourage standards bodies as well as the developers of office suites to translate some of the ideas into future versions of the standards and products.
Technologies de l'information — Description des documents et langages de traitement — Lignes directrices pour la traduction des formats de document ISO/CEI 26300 et ISO/CEI 29500
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
TECHNICAL ISO/IEC
REPORT TR
29166
First edition
2011-12-15
Information technology — Document
description and processing languages —
Guidelines for translation between
ISO/IEC 26300 and ISO/IEC 29500
document formats
Technologies de l'information — Description des documents et
langages de traitement — Lignes directrices pour la traduction des
formats de document ISO/CEI 26300 et ISO/CEI 29500
Reference number
ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2011
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ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E)
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© ISO/IEC 2011
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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ii © ISO/IEC 2011 – All rights reserved
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ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . vi
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Basic principles . 4
4.1 Structure of the report . 4
4.1.1 Enterprise view . 4
4.1.2 Computational view . 5
4.1.3 Information view . 5
4.1.4 Engineering view . 5
4.1.5 Technical view . 5
4.2 Approach . 6
5 Use cases . 8
5.1 Introduction . 8
5.2 Word processing documents . 8
5.2.1 Empty document . 8
5.2.2 Simple text and paragraph formatting . 10
5.2.3 Asian language support . 11
5.2.4 Line breaks in East Asian text . 14
5.2.5 Text direction . 16
5.2.6 Phonetic guide functions . 18
5.2.7 Tables and field functions . 20
5.2.8 Footnotes and endnotes . 22
5.2.9 Itemization and numeration . 24
5.2.10 Indices and tables of contents . 25
5.2.11 Metadata and settings . 26
5.2.12 Change tracking and collaboration support . 28
5.2.13 Bibliographies and optional document parts . 31
5.2.14 Sub documents and books . 32
5.2.15 Forms . 35
5.2.16 Vector graphics . 36
5.2.17 Font embedding and paper size . 38
5.2.18 Font metrics and font substitution . 40
5.2.19 Document fields . 41
5.2.20 Inclusion of user defined XML . 43
5.2.21 Mathematical formulas. 45
5.3 Spreadsheet documents . 46
5.3.1 Empty spreadsheet document . 46
5.3.2 Listing and structural features . 48
5.3.3 Formulas and calculation . 49
5.4 Presentation documents. 51
5.4.1 Empty presentation document . 51
5.4.2 Simple text formatting . 52
5.4.3 Itemization and numeration . 54
5.4.4 Positioning and layout . 55
5.4.5 Slide blending and animation effects . 57
5.4.6 Animations . 58
5.4.7 Comments . 60
5.4.8 Multimedia content . 62
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ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E)
5.4.9 Master layout .64
5.5 Common properties and mutual inclusion of documents .65
5.5.1 Hyperlinks between documents .65
5.5.2 Colours .67
5.5.3 Embedded spreadsheet documents .69
5.5.4 Simple text formatting and embedded documents .71
5.5.5 Embedded charts .73
6 Features and functionality .74
6.1 Introduction .74
6.2 Word processing documents .75
6.2.1 Text formatting .75
6.2.2 Paragraph formatting .77
6.2.3 Header and footer .82
6.2.4 Tables .82
6.2.5 Itemization and numeration .84
6.2.6 Metadata language entries .86
6.2.7 Indices .86
6.2.8 Change tracking and collaborative functions .87
6.2.9 Bibliographies and optional document parts .88
6.3 Spreadsheet documents .89
6.3.1 Introduction .89
6.3.2 Formatting .89
6.3.3 Calculation .90
6.3.4 Additional properties .94
6.4 Presentation documents .95
6.4.1 Introduction .95
6.4.2 Slides .95
6.4.3 Text formatting .96
6.4.4 Master layout .97
6.5 Common aspects .98
6.5.1 Alternative presentations .98
6.5.2 Colour models .99
6.5.3 Custom XML parts . 100
6.5.4 Packages . 100
7 Representation and XML structure . 102
7.1 Introduction . 102
7.2 Word processing documents . 103
7.2.1 Logical structure . 103
7.2.2 Paragraphs . 105
7.2.3 Styles . 106
7.2.4 Tables . 107
7.2.5 Lists - Itemization and numeration . 111
7.2.6 Indices . 112
7.2.7 Change tracking and collaboration support . 115
7.2.8 Section and page layout . 118
7.3 Spreadsheet documents . 120
7.3.1 Logical structure . 120
7.3.2 Table contents . 121
7.3.3 Table style . 123
7.3.4 Formulas and calculation . 124
7.3.5 Charts . 126
7.4 Presentation documents . 128
7.4.1 Logical structure . 128
7.4.2 Text formatting . 129
7.4.3 Master layout . 131
7.4.4 Animations . 132
7.5 Summary . 137
8 Translation . 137
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ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E)
8.1 Introduction . 137
8.2 Translation complexity . 137
8.3 Sample translations . 139
8.3.1 Easy translation . 139
8.3.2 Moderate translation . 143
8.3.3 Difficult translations . 149
8.4 Guidelines for evaluating translatability . 150
8.4.1 Translation fidelity . 151
8.4.2 Document interoperability . 152
9 Examples and tools . 153
10 Conclusion . 154
10.1 Resume . 155
Bibliography . 156
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ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when the joint technical committee has collected data of a different kind from
that which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide to
publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely informative in nature and shall be subject to review
every five years in the same manner as an International Standard.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC TR 29166 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 34, Document description and processing languages.
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ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E)
Introduction
OASIS Open Document Format ODF 1.0 (ISO/IEC 26300) and Office Open XML (ISO/IEC 29500) are both
open document formats for saving and exchanging word processing documents, spreadsheets and
presentations. Both formats are XML based but differ in design and scope.
OASIS ODF 1.0 was published by OASIS as an OASIS standard in May 2005. The second edition of ODF 1.0
has been published by OASIS as a committee specification in July 2006 and accepted as an International
Standard by ISO (ISO/IEC 26300) in December 2006. Office Open XML was first approved in December 2006
by the ECMA International General Assembly as ECMA-376. An updated version was published in November
nd
2008 by ISO (ISO/IEC 29500). The corresponding version, ECMA-376 2 edition, was published in December
2008.
This Technical Report addresses both developers seeking to implement either the OpenDocument or the
Office Open XML International Standard and template designers and other power users whose competences
cut across the spectrum of XML and XML-related technologies which directly or remotely deal with one or both
of the two International Standards. This Technical Report will be of great assistance to those seeking to
exchange documents between formats, to extract data from or import data into documents, or to write
applications supporting the two formats.
This Technical Report aims at analysing the two International Standards and their underlying concepts in
terms of interoperability issues for a selected set of features. It analyses the way these features are
implemented in both International Standards and estimates the degree of translatability between them using a
table-based comparison. This Technical Report serves as a preliminary technical translation guideline for
evaluating translatability between certain parts of the two International Standards. It does not compare
different implementations which can cause additional kinds of interoperability problems.
Both Office Open XML and OpenDocument formats are basically descriptions of schemas used for word
processing documents, spreadsheets and presentations created by office application suites. Both are open
formats. A key design objective is to guarantee long-term access to data without the legal or technical barriers
associated with proprietary binary formats. XML schema definitions are normative parts of both International
Standards.
Manipulating documents is fundamentally facilitated by separating a document’s layout from its content.
Editing the layout and data components independently of one another affords considerable flexibility in
creating and editing office documents. Defining the structure and content of documents has been the focus of
both International Standards. A document’s layout is ultimately governed by the implementation of the office
suite, in particular by the rendering engine. Thus, as depicted in Figure 1, using exactly the same standard to
describe a document does not guarantee that different office suites will produce identical layouts.
Consequently, this Technical Report focuses more on the definition of guidelines for the translation of
document structure, content and presentation instructions than on the preservation of document layout.
In this Technical Report the two International Standards will be examined in their universality and not by
comparing specific implementations such as Microsoft Office or OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice. For this reason,
various examples have been developed using a simple XML editor which supports both standards. The
names of specific implementations may be used in the use cases to illustrate the real world scenario behind
the use case. The figures in this Technical Report are created for illustration purposes, using available tools
such as OpenOffice 3.* and Microsoft Office 2010. It should not be assumed that the current versions of these
implementations support all the features needed to implement the use case, especially the document
standards and the translation between them.
Several use cases do not mention existing tools, but rather use abstract names such as document format A
(DF-A) and document format B (DF-B).
This Technical Report begins with a presentation of typical use cases characterizing scenarios where specific
features supported by both document formats are used. It then analyses the most important features of one
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ISO/IEC TR 29166:2011(E)
document format and shows how those features can best be represented in the other format. It then reviews
the concepts and various features of the two document formats in order to provide a good understanding of
the formats' common features and especially their differences. Most features can be translated to the other
format with varying degrees of fidelity. For the most important features, this Technical Report provides
detailed information on the implementation of the feature and the extents to which that feature can be
translated, including typical translation rules. Finally, an overview summing up the most important results and
deriving guidelines for the translation between both formats concludes this Technical Report.
The following abbreviations are used throughout this Technical Report:
ODF, which stands for OpenDocument Format (ISO/IEC 26300:2006);
OOXML, which stands for Office Open XML (ISO/IEC 29500:2008).
It is hoped that this Technical Report will be useful in understanding how the ODF and OOXML International
Standards compare and how their functionality can be mapped between the two formats. It is a necessary
step to the goal of helping achieve interoperability and harmonization between the two formats.
History of ODF and OOXML
ODF was originally developed by Sun Microsystems between 2000 and 2002 with the following objective:
“To create as a community, the leading international office suite that will run on all major platforms and provide
1
access to all functionality and data through open-component based APIs and an XML-based file format.”
In 2002, the standardization process was initiated at OASIS, and in 2005 the standard was published as
OASIS Open Document Format for Office Applications, abbreviated as OpenDocument or ODF. In 2006,
Open Document Format for Office Applications v.1.0 became an ISO International Standard (ISO/IEC 26300).
Open Document Format for Office Applications v.1.1 has been published by OASIS as an OASIS standard in
February 2007. At the time of writing (June 2011) Version 1.2 has been released as a Committee
Specification 1.0. While version 1.0 of the ODF standard only consists of one part, the current version is
structured into three parts: core, formulas, and packages.
2
Microsoft followed suit in 2006 via the Open Specification Promise (OSP ) by opening the format of its 2007
version of the Microsoft office suite (version 12) for which it also uses XML as an exchange and storage
format. OOXML is a file format originally developed by Microsoft as a successor to its earlier Office 2003 file
formats. It is used for representing spreadsheet, presentation and word processing documents. In 2006 Office
st
Open XML became an ECMA standard (ECMA-376, 1 edition). In 2008, a revised version of ECMA-376
became an ISO International Standard (ISO/IEC 29500:2008), which has its equivalent in the ECMA-376,
nd
2 edition.
ISO/IEC 29500 is structured into four parts, each of which contains normative as well as informative material:
Fundamentals and Markup Language Reference, Open Packaging Conventions, Markup Compatibility and
Exten
...
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