ISO 3170:1988

Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling

Specifies procedures for liquid hydrocarbons, tank residues and deposite from fixed tanks, rail cars, road vehicles, ships and barges, drums and cans, or from liquids being pumped in pipelines. Does not apply for special products, such as aviation fuels, electrical insulating oils, liquefied petroleum gases, liquefied natural gases. bitumen and chemical products, nor to unstabilized crude oils having a Reid vapour pressure above 180 kPa.

Produits pétroliers liquides — Échantillonnage manuel

Naftni proizvodi - Tekoči ogljikovodiki - Ročno vzorčenje

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-1988
• Withdrawal Date: 31-Aug-1988
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 28/SC 2 - Measurement of petroleum and related products
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 28/SC 2 - Measurement of petroleum and related products
• Current Stage: 9599 - Withdrawal of International Standard
• Start Date: 19-Jan-2004
• Completion Date: 13-Dec-2025
• Ref Project: SIST ISO 3170:1996 - Petroleum liquids -- Manual sampling

Relations

• Consolidated By: ISO 4028:2003 - Hexagon socket set screws with dog point
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Amended By: ISO 3170:1988/Amd 1:1998 - Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling - Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022
• Revised: ISO 3170:2004 - Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Revises: ISO 3170:1975 - Petroleum products - Liquid hydrocarbons - Manual sampling
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Parent: ISO 3170:1988/Amd 1:1998 - Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling - Amendment 1
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

ISO
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 3170
Second edition
1988-09-01
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEXJJYHAPOflHAR OPTAHM3A~Mfi I-IO CTAH~APTM3A~MM
Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling
Produkts p6 troliers liquides - &chan tiflonnage manuel
Reference number
ISO 3170: 1988 (E)
ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
Page
Contents
iv
Foreword .
V
.............................................................
Introduction
..............................................................
Scope
..................................................
Normative reference
Definitions. .
Principles. .
Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 General .
..................................................
5.2 Tank Samplers
..........................................
5.3 Drum and tan Samplers
................................................
Pipeline Samplers
5.4
.....................................................
5.5 Containers
..............................................
5.6 Container closures.
.................................................
5.7 Sample coolers.
...................................................
Safety precautions
6.1 General .
......................................
6.2 Safety aspects of equipment
.........................................
6.3 Safety at sampling Points
Static electricity .
6.4
..........................................................
Procedures
....................................................
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Precautions .
International Organkation for Standardkation, 1988
Printed in Switzerland
isO3170:1988(E)
Page
Tanksampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.3
7.4 Package sampling
...............................................
7.5 Pipeline sampling 20
................................................
8 Procedures for crude oils and other non-homogeneous Petroleum liquids . 20
8.1 General . 20
8.2 Procedures . 20
9 Samplehandling .
9.1 General . 21
Homogenization of samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9.2
9.3 Verification of mixing time
........................................
9.4 Transfer of samples
..............................................
Annex A
Bibliography. 23
Tables
1 Sampling of horizontal cylindrical tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Samplingplans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~.
2a Sample size code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2b Single sampling plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2c Double sampling plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Examples of Sample positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Examples of Sample cages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Examples of weighted sampling cans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Restrictive filling devices for running Samplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Example of intetface Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Examples of bottom Samplers and details of
opening/closing mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Deposit Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8 Example of an all-levels sampling device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example of vapour-leck device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D . . . . . . . . . . 11
Example of sampling tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
IO
. . .
Ill
lSO3170:1988(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard ISO 3170 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28,
Petroleum produc ts and lubrican ts.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3170 : 1975), of which it
constitutes a technical revision. lt also includes a procedure for transfer and subse-
quent handling of the Sample to ensure delivery of a representative Portion thereof into
laboratory apparatus or storage for possible reconciliation.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.

ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
Introduction
This International Standard should be applied in combination with ISO 3171,
Petroleum liquids - Au toma tic Pipeline sampling.
The purpose of this International Standard is to standardize conditions for obtaining a
Sample of liquid/semi-liquid hydrocarbons from a tank, drum or Pipeline. If the
hydrocarbon materials to be sampled are of non-homogeneous Character showing
significant variations in composition or containing Sediments and water, samples taken
manually should not be expected to be representative, but enable the degree of non-
homogeneity to be assessed and estimates of quality and quantity to be made.
lt is realized that in many countries some or all of the items covered by this Inter-
national Stan.dard are the subject of mandatory regulations imposed by the laws of
those countries; such regulations must be rigorously observed. In cases of conflict be-
tween such mandatory regulations and this International Standard, the former shall
prevail.
This page intentionally leff blank

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 3170 : 1988 (EI
Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling
liquids are applied to non-homogeneous liquids having signifi-
1 Scope
cant variations in composition or containing Sediments and/or
water, the samples may not be representative.
1.1 This International Standard specifies the procedures to
be used for obtaining, by manual methods, samples of liquid
1.6 The sampling procedures specified are intended to pro-
hydrocarbons, tank residues and deposits from fixed tanks,
vide samples for the following purposes:
railcars, road vehicles, ships and barges, drums and cans, or
from liquids being pumped in pipelines (see 4.3).
a) the determination of the oil quality;
1.2 lt applies to the sampling of liquid Petroleum products,
b) the determination of the water content of the oils;
crude oils and intermediate products, which are stored in tanks
at or near atmospheric pressure, or transferred by pipelines,
c) the determination of other contaminants that are not
and are handled as liquids at temperatures from near ambient
considered to be part of the liquid transferred.
up to 100 OC.
If the sampling conditions for the purposes a), b) and c) are in
The sampling procedures specified are not intended for the
conflict, separate samples are required.
sampling of special Petroleum products which may be the sub-
ject of other International Standards, such as aviation fuels,
1.7 Sampling procedures for tank contents that are not
electrical insulating oils, liquefied Petroleum gases, liquefied
homogeneous are specified that enable the degree of non-
bitumen and Chemical products, nor to
natura1 gases,
homogeneity to be assessed and estimates of quality and quan-
unstabilized crude oils having a Reid vapour pressure above
tity to be made.
180 kPa (1,8 bar).
1.8 Procedures for the sampling of residues and deposits in
1.3
Two basic manual sampling methods are available:
tanks are included, together with techniques for liquid
hydrocarbons under inert gas pressure.
-
tank sampling;
-
Pipeline sampling.
2 Normative reference
When a batch is received or consigned, either tank or Pipeline
The following Standard contains provisions which, through
sampling, or both, may be possible. However, if both methods
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International
are used, the two sets of samples shall not be mixed.
Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was
valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to
1.4 Procedures are specified which minimize or eliminate
agreements based on this International Standard are encour-
losses of light ends from samples. Such losses tan occur
aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
during handling or transfer of samples thereby making them
edition of the Standard listed below. Members of IEC and ISO
non-representative of the bulk material.
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
1.5 If the procedures intended for obtaining representative ISO 3171 : 1980, Petroleum liquids - Automatic Pipeline
sampling.
samples of Stocks or movements of homogeneous Petroleum
ISO 3170 : 1988 (E)
types of composite Sample are obtained by combining samples
3 Definitions
in accordance with one of the following (see clause 4
and 7.3.1 J.2) :
3.1 competent person : A person who, by reason of his or
her training, experience and theoretical and practical
a) upper, middle and lower samples in equal proportions;
knowledge, is able to detect any defects or weaknesses in the
plant or equipment and to make an authoritative judgement as
b) upper, middle and suction-level samples in equal pro-
to its suitability for further use.
portions;
NOTE - This person should have suff icient authority to ensure that
the necessary action is taken following his or her recommendations. c) a series of spot samples from a non-homogeneous oil
taken at more than three levels and blended in proportion to
the quantities of oil represented;
3.2 integrity of the Sample : The condition of being com-
plete and unaltered, i.e. the Sample being preserved with the
d) individual samples from several tanks or ship’s com-
same composition as when it was taken from the bulk of the
partments proportional to the total quantity each Sample
liquid.
represents;
3.3 mixer : A device which provides a homogeneous mix-
e) a series of spot samples of equal volume obtained from
ture of the liquid within a Pipeline or Container in Order to obtain
intervals.
a flowing pipel ine taken at specified
a representative Sample.
3.8.4 representative Sample : A Sample having its physical
3.3.1 static mixer : A mixing device having no moving Parts
or Chemical characteristics identical to the volumetric average
and located within a pipe or tube. lt depends on the kinetic
characteristics of the total volume being sampled.
energy of the moving liquid for the energy required to mix the
liquid.
3.8.5 running Sample : A Sample obtained by lowering a
Container from the top of the oil to the bottom and returning it
3.4 Pipeline : Any section of pipe used for the transfer of
to the top of the oil at a Speed such that the Container is about
liquid. An unobstructed pipe does not have any internal fittings
three-quarters full when withdrawn from the Oil.
such as .a static mixer or orifice plate.
3.8.6 spot Sample : A Sample taken at a specific location in a
3.5 residues and deposits : Organic and inorganic material, tank or from a pipe at a specific time during a pumping
together with any water dispersed within it, which has
Operation.
separated from the liquid and either
3.8.7 suction-level Sample : A Sample taken at the lowest
a) fallen to the bottom of the tank containing the liquid, or
level from which liquid hydrocarbon is pumped from the tank.
In determining this level, appropriate allowance is made for any
the liquid has pumped
b) been left in the tank
fittings within the tank such as Swing-arm, suction baffle or in-
out.
ternal bend (see figure 1).
3.6 Sample conditioning : Homogenization necessary to
3.8.8 upper Sample : A Sample taken at a level of one-sixth
stabilize the Sample during Sample handling in preparation for
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (sec figure 1).
analysis.
3.8.9 middle Sample : A Sample taken at a level of one-half
3.7 Sample handling : The conditioning, transferring,
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (see figure 1).
dividing and transporting of the Sample. lt includes transferring
the Sample from the Sampler (receiver) to a Container and from
3.8.10 lower Sample : A Sample taken at a level of five-sixths
the Container to the laboratory apparatus in which it is to be
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (see figure 1).
analysed.
3.8.11 top Sample : A spot Sample obtained 150 mm below
3.8 Sample types
the top surface of the liquid (sec figure 1).
A Sample obtained with an ap-
3.8.1 all-levels Sample :
3.8.12 skim Sample (surface Sample) : A Sample taken
paratus which is filled when passed through the total liquid
from the surface of the liquid (see figure 1).
height in one direction.
38.2 bottom Sample : A spot Sample taken from the
3.9 Statistical terms
material at the bottom sut-face (floor) of a tank or Container (sec
’ figure 1).
3.9.1 AQL (acceptable quality level) : The maximum per
cent defective (or the maximum number of defects per hundred
3.8.3 composite Sample : A Sample obtained by combining
units) that, for purposes of sampling inspection, tan be con-
a number of spot samples in defined proportions so as to obtain
sidered satisfactory as a process average.
a Sample representative of the bulk of the material. The usual
ISO3170:1988(E)
X Skim Sample
- Surface of oil
x Top Sample
X
X Upper Sample
X
X
.z
X Middle Sample
C
- Metre interva I samples
Suction-level Sample
X Sample Points
Figure 1 - Examples of Sample positions
3.11 Water
3.9.2 batch : A collection of packages containing a product
of a Single type and composition and of a Single manufactured
lot, or of a Single delivery.
dissolved water : The water contained within the oil
3.11.1
forming a Solution at the prevailing temperature.
Any type of Container, such as a drum,
3.9.3 package :
barrel, peg, tan or bottle.
: One hundred times the number of 3.11.2 suspended water : The water within the oil that is
3.9.4 per cent defective
finely dispersed as small droplets.
defective units of product contained in any given quantity
of units of product divided by the total number of units of
product, i.e.:
NOTE - lt may, over a period of time, either collect as free water or
become dissolved water, depending on the conditions of temperature
number of defectives
per cent defective = x 100
and pressure prevailing.
number of units inspected
3.9.5 Sample size : The number of samples to be drawn from
3.11.3 free water : The water that exists as a separate layer
a batch to determine its acceptability as given in sampling
from the Oil, and typically lies beneath the Oil.
Plans.
3.10 ullage : For the purpose of this International Standard,
3.11.4 total water : The sum of all the dissolved, suspended
the empty capacity left in a Sample receiver/container above
and free water in a cargo or parcel of Oil.
the liquid surface, expressed as volume.
ISO 3170 : 1988 (EI
4 Principles 5.2 Tank Samplers
4.1 To ensure that samples submitted for examination are as
52.1 General
representative as possible of the oil being sampled, the
necessary precautions are given. These depend on the
The tank Samplers are classif ied according
to the type of
characteristics of the liquid, the tank, Container or Pipeline from
Sample to be drawn
which the Sample is being obtained and the nature of the tests
to be carried out on the Sample.
-
spot Sample;
-
4.2 Tank sampling is commenced when the contents of the bottom Sample;
tank are at rest. The following samples are normally taken for
-
analysis : tank deposits/residues Sample;
-
either running Sample;
-
upper, middle and lower samples, all-levels Sample.
a)
The devices shall have a cord or cable or chain of conductive,
sparkproof material attached to them for the purpose of Iower-
ing or raising them in the tank.
b) upper, middle and suction-level samples.
NOTE - The cord should be suff iciently conductive not to be capable
If tests on these samples show that the contents of the tank are
of producing static electricity
homogeneous, they may be combined in equal proportions for
further tests.
5.2.2 Spot Samplers
If the tests on these samples show that the contents of the tank
are non-homogeneous, it is necessary to draw samples from This apparatus shall be constructed so that a Sample tan be
more than three levels and either a composite Sample is taken at any specific level in a tank. The following kinds of ap-
paratus are suitable.
prepared for analysis or, if blending would impair the integrity
of the Sample, each Sample is analysed separately and the com-
Position corresponding to the composite Sample is calculated.
5.2.2.1 Sampling tage
In this calculation, allowance is made for the proportion of the
oil represented by each Sample.
This shall be a metal or plastics holder or tage, suitably con-
structed to hold the appropriate Container. The combined ap-
Other methods are
paratus shall be weighted so as to sink readily in the material to
be sampled, and Provision shall be made to fill the Container at
c) a running Sample, or
any desired level (sec figure 2).
d) an all-levels Sample.
Bottles of the appropriate dimensions are required to fit a
sampling tage. The use of a sampling tage is generally pre-
ferred to that of a weighted sampling tan for volatile products,
4.3 To obtain a representative Sample from a batch of non-
since loss of light ends is likely to occur when transferring the
homogeneous material being pumped in a Pipeline, the Sample
Sample from a weighted sampling tan to another Container.
shall be drawn using an automatic sampling device as stated in
ISO 3171. On occasions it may be necessary to take samples
NOTE - The sampling tage may be omitted if the Sample bottle is
manually. These are spot samples and may not be represen-
securely attached to a weighted Cord. The cork is also tied to the line
tative of the bulk.
about 150 mm from the neck of the bottle.
5.2.2.2 Weighted sampling tan (see figure 3)
5 Apparatus
This shall be weighted so as to sink readily in the oil to be
5.1 General
sampled. If used for obtaining upper, middle, lower or suction-
level samples, the lowering device shall be attached to the tan
All sampling devices shall be designed and constructed so as to
in such a manner that the stopper tan be opened by means of a
assure the function for which they are intended in Order to
sharp jerk. If used as a running Sampler, the special stopper
maintain the initial characteristics of the Oil. They shall be of
shown in figure 4 shall be used. In Order to avoid Problems in
sufficient strength and externally protected to withstand nor-
cleaning the tan, any weighting material shall be fixed to the
mal internal pressures likely to be generated, or provided with a
tan in such a way that it does not come into contact with the
relief valve, and sufficiently robust to withstand any handling
Sample.
that may be encountered. Their cleanliness shall be confirmed
before use.
Some sampling cans have special opening facilities, for
example devices having valves opened or closed at the desired
NOTE - Various sampling devices are described in general terms in
level by a weight falling down alongside and guided by the
5.2 to 5.7 and any essential aspects are specified. Detailed specifica-
suspending cable, or having wing or flap valves which are
tions have not been given for these items because any suitable device
of the type described may be used.
closed upon initiation of upward movement.
ISO3170:1988(E)
,-.
e
;o:
k*
I I
‘-J
,LL,
m--e.
m--m
I
liI
-I
Weighted bottle
Swivel , ?
9 , carrier (tan be
;+, 1
I I
I I fabricated to fit
I
I
I 1
.+: :I
any size of bottl
e)
*i
Examples of Sample cages
Figure 2 -
ISO3170:1988(E)
Long chain of sparkproof material
or cord attached to permit filling
handle
Tight-fitting conical cap
Reinforced
mouth
+--- Wire handle
Brazed or welded joint
* Sheet lead
Materials : brass, topper
or stainless steel
External lead weight
Figure 3 - Examples of weighted sampling cans

ISO 3170 : ‘1988 (E)
a) Screw cap with opening
b) Cork with hole bored
NOTE - The size of opening will be dependent on the viscosity of the liquid, its depth and the size of Container.
Figure 4 - Restrictive filling devices for running Samplers
5.2.2.3 Interface Sampler 5.2.3 Bottom Samplers
A tube made of glass, metal or plastics material, open at both These are receptacles which tan be Iowered to the bottom of a
ends to allow a free flow of liquid during lowering through the
tank where a valve or similar closure is opened by contact with
liquid. The closing of the lower end at the desired level may be the floor of the tank and closed on lifting (sec figure 6).
achieved by various devices :
a) a closure mechanism actuated by upward movement of
5.2.4 Residue/deposit Samplers
the Sampler;
b) a weight falling down guided by the suspending cable
5.2.4.1 Grab Sampler
(drop messenger), so as to actuate the closure mechanism.
The Sampler consists of a sturdy-walled brass casing with an in-
An interface Sampler may be used for withdrawing a spot
tegrated grasping device. The bottom of the Sampler body con-
Sample from a selected level or taking a bottom Sample to
sists of two spring-closed jaws, the mechanism of which is
detect the presence of contaminants.
released by a drop messenger. Two light plates cover the open-
ing at the top of the Sampler to prevent the Sample from being
lt shall be designed and constructed such that if lowered slowly
washed out while the Sampler is being raised out of the liquid
it tan be used to trap a vertical column of liquid at the bottom
(figure 7).
of the tank or at any other selected level (see figure 5).

ISO3170:1988(E)
for triggering
Weig ht
closing mechanism
&--z--
i+-=s
j!C
;z =
$------
;o-----
Figure 5 - Example of interface Sampler

iSO3170:1988(E)
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c ‘= UZ
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t3
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Ir” o+s
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.-
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$2
ISO3170:1988(E)
Tumbler stop
r
Thermometer -
Suspension rod -
Deposit Sampler
Figure 7 -
5.2.4.2 Gravitation/ram core Sampler
This is a tubular device of uniform diameter either weighted or
equipped with a mechanically operated driver to penetrate the
deposit layer to be sampled.
5.2.5 Running Samplers
A running Sampler is a Container weighted or enclosed in a
weighted tage and equipped if necessary with a restrictive fill-
ing device (sec figure 4). lt is designed to obtain a Sample
whilst being lowered and raised through the oil (see figures 2
Knut-led ring
and 3). lt has not been established that such devices fill at a
for gripping
uniform rate.
bottom stand
Filling holes
b
5.2.6 All-levels sampling devices
in bottom stand
Contact line
These devices have a liquid inlet and gas outlet designed to ob-
tain a Sample whilst being Iowered or raised through the Oil. lt
has not been established that such devices fill at a uniform rate. NOTE - The filling holes are closed by the bottom stand rising when it
An example is shown in figure 8. makes contact with the tank bottom.
Figure 8 - Example of an all-levels sampling device
ISO3170:1988(E)
5.3 Drum and tan Samplers
5.2.7 Vapour-leck devices
A tube Sampler is commonly used (see figure 10). This is a tube
These are used to take samples from tanks under pressure, in
made of glass, metal or plastics material, with suitable fittings if
particular from those tanks utilizing inert gas Systems. They tan
required to facilitate handling, which tan be inserted into a
consist of a gas-tight enclosure placed on top of a valved roof
drum, tan or road vehicle to the desired level. It may be used
connection as shown in figure 9. A Sample Container in a
for withdrawing either a spot Sample from a selected level or a
suitable sampling tage or the special Sampler shown in figure 9
bottom Sample to detect the presence of contaminants. A tube
tan be attached, via a gas-tight window, to the lowering gear.
Sampler having a closure mechanism at the lower end tan be
The window is then closed, the roof valve opened, and the
used for taking a representative Sample through a vertical
Sample Container or Sampler Iowered to the required depth in
Cross-section of the liquid.
the product before filling. The valve is closed with the Sampler
in the elevated Position before the latter is withdrawn via the
Alternatively, a small sampling tage of appropriate dimensions
window.
or a drum pump or syphoning device may be used.
Figure 9 - Example of vapour-leck device Figure IO - Example of sampling tube
ISO 3170 : 1988 0
prehensive. The list shall be read in conjunction with the ap-
5.4 Pipeline Samplers
propriate national safety regulations or any recognized code in
54.1 If an automatic Pipeline Sampler is required, refer to the Petroleum industry. The precautions given below shall be
ISO 3171.
taken whenever they do not conflict with local or national
regulations, which must, in any case, always be followed.
5.4.2 A manual Sampler consists of a suitable Pipeline probe
with an isolating valve. The probe shall extend into the Pipeline Careful consideration shall be given to the nature and known
so that the Point of Sample entry is not nearer to the pipe wall hazards of the material being sampled, which will affect the
than a quarter of the internal diameter. lt shall have a delivery detailed nature of the precautions to be observed.
tube that will be long enough to resch the bottom of the Sample
Container, allowing submerged filling.
6.1.2 Personne1 shall be made aware of the potential hazards
in safety precautions to be observed.
and be given instructions
5.5 Containers
6.1 .3 All reg ulations covering entry into hazardous areas shall
Sample Containers shall be glass or plastics bottles, metal-
observed.
be rigorously
covered bottles or cans, depending on the material to be sam-
pled. The size of such vessels normally varies between 0,25 and
5 litres, but larger Containers may be required when special
6.1.4 Care shall be taken to avoid breathing Petroleum vapour
tests, bulking or division of samples is called for. Plastics con-
during the sampling operations. Protective gloves of
tainers shall not be used for Sample storage as these may not
hydrocarbon-insoluble materials shall be worn. Eye shields or
retain the integrity of the Sample due to diffusion; in addition,
face shields shall be worn where there is a danger of splashing.
the use of Containers made of non-linear polyethylene would
Additional precautions may be necessary when handling sour
lead to Sample contamination and/or Sample Container failure.
crude.
5.6 Container closures
6.1.5 When handling leaded fuels, the safety regulations shall
be meticulously observed.
Corks, ground glass Stoppers or plastics or metal screw-taps
may be used for closing Sample bottles. Rubber Stoppers shall
6.2 Safety aspects of equipment
not be used. Corks shall be of good quality and free from loose
pieces or dust. They shall be softened by rolling or squeezing
6.2.1 With regard to their mechanical properties, receivers/
and pressed well into the neck of the bottle to prevent leakage
Containers shall be properly designed in accordance with the
or evaporation. Where necessary, a protective cover of a
respective national/international Standards.
suitable material shall be used. Corks shall not be used with
volatile liquids, as the vapour may penetrate into the cork and
Pressure tests and other inspection work shall be performed ac-
Cause contamination of subsequent samples; an inert vapour-
cording to the local regulations by a competent person and the
tight closure shall be used.
results of such tests shall be recorded. Cleaning and leak-
testing operations shall be performed at regular intervals.
Corks shall not be re-used for different types of product, since
thorough cleaning is difficult and hydrocarbons may penetrate
into the cork and Cause contamination of subsequent samples.
6.2.2 Cords used for lowering sampling equipment shall be
Re-use of corks is permissible only if the use is restricted to one
electrically conductive. They shall not be made solely from
type of product.
man-made fibres; vegetable fibres such as manila or Sisal are
preferred for this purpose.
Screw-taps of cans or bottles shall be fitted with discs of cork
or other oil-resistant material. The disc, which shall only be
6.2.3 Portable metal sampling equipment used in flammable
used once, shall be removed before the cleaning of screw-taps
atmospheres shall be of non-sparking material.
and a new disc shall subsequently be fitted.
5.7 Sample coolers 6.2.4 I Sampling Personne1 shal I be provided with carriers for
their equipment i n Order that at least one hand may be free.
A cooling coil made of seamless topper tubing, or other
suitable metal tubing, with an internal diameter in the range of
6.2.5 Lamps and torches shall be of an approved type suitable
6 to 10 mm, is fixed in an open, portable Container in such a
for the electrical classification of the area.
way that it is immersed in a water/ice-cube mixture during use.
6.2.6 Suitable clothing and equipment to provide protection
The inlet end of the tubing shall be furnished with a flange or
against all known hazards associated with the material being
other appropriate means of connection to the sampling valve.
sampled shall be worn.
The outlet end shall be open.
6.2.7 If the Reid vapour pressure (RVP) of the product to be
6 Safety precautions
sampled is between 100 kPa (1,O bar) and 180 kPa (1,8 bar),
the Sample bottles shall be protected with a metal case until the
6.1 General
Sample is discarded. Above 180 kPa (1,8 bar) RVP, only metal
sampling cans constructed to contain the pressure involved
6.1.1 The safety precautions given below apply general ly and
shall be used. (See also 1.2.)
consti tute good p iractice, but the list is not necessarily 1 com-
ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
when being filled with clean, refined, volatile products capable
6.2.8 Care shall be taken to avoid heating of volatile samples
of giving rise to flammable vapour-air mixtures in the ullage
in Containers with gas-tight closures.
space.
63 . Safety at sampling Points
6.4.3 When sampling, the sampling line shall be kept firmly
earthed at all times, either by direct earth connection or firm
6.3.1 Sampling Points shall be provided which enable
contact with the dip hatch, to prevent sparking.
samples to be taken in a safe manner. Any potential hazards
associated with sampling shall be clearly marked and it is
6.4.4 When sampling clean, refined, volatile products, in-
recommended that a pressure gauge be provided.
cluding kerosene and gas Oil, which have been loaded at a
temperature near or above their flash Point or into tanks which
6.3.2 The sampling Point and equipment shall be adequately
are not gas-free, it is essential that a relaxation time of 30 min
maintained and regularly inspected, and the results of the in-
after completion of transfer or loading into each tank or con-
spection recorded, by a competent person.
tainer shall be allowed before introducing any conductive
sampling equipment into the tank or Container.
6.3.3 Safe access to sampling Points, with adequate lighting,
However, if one or more of the following
apply, sampling may
shall be provided. Access ladders, stairways, platforms and
ta ke place before the elapse of the 30 mi n relaxation time :
handrails shall be maintained in a structurally safe condition
and regularly inspected by a competent person.
for a floating-roof tank, the sampling is carried out from
a)
a slotted dip Pipe;
for all draining and flushing
6.3 .4 Adequate a nd safe drainage
uirements shall be provided. b) for a fixed- roof tank, the tank is fitted an earthed
w
f loating cover;
uipmen t shall be reported
6.3.5 Any spillages or defects in eq
c) the product contains sufficient static-dissipating ad-
immediately to a competent person.
ditive to ensure an Overall conductivity greater than
50 pS/m and no mist or Spray is being formed in the ullage
space (see the note).
6.3.6 Care shall be taken to avoid breathing Petroleum
vapours during sampling operations.
NOTE - Static-dissipating additives tan increase the conductivity of
hydrocarbon liquids to a level sufficient to avoid the accumulation of
6.3.7 Floating-roof tanks shall be sampled from the top plat-
static electrical Charge; an Overall conductivity of 50 pS/m is accept-
form whenever practicable, as toxic and flammable vapours able. The relaxation time for a bound Charge in the body of a liquid is so
short at this conductivity level that the Charge is dissipated almost as it
may accumulate above the roof. When it is necessary to des-
forms. As a result, gauging and sampling may take place without delay
cend to the roof for sampling, unless the atmosphere above the
or even while filling is in progress so long as no mist or Spray is being
roof has been proved to be Safe, at least two persons wearing
formed in the ullage space. Charged droplets tan exist in mists or
self-contained breathing apparatus shall be present.
Sprays and produce an accumulation of static electricity, regardless of
the presence of static dissipation additives in the liquid product.
The second or other person(s) shall stand by at the head of the
stairway where he (they) tan clearly observe the Sampler on the
6.4.5 Footwear capable of causing Sparks shall not be worn in
roof. The Sampler shall descend to the roof, take the required
areas where flammable vapours are likely to be present. Rubber
samples, and return to the head of the stairway in the minimum
footwear is not recommended in dry zones.
time possible.
which render the
The following are some of the conditions
maY
6.4.6 Clothing shall be of cotto #n, or linen, or wool and the
atmosphere above the roof hazardous :
,made fibres shall be avoided
wearing of man-
hydrogen sulfide and volatile mer-
a) the prod uct contains
6.4.7 Sampling shall not be carried out during periods of at-
captans;
mospheric electric disturbance or hai storms.
the roof is not fully floating;
b)
6.4.8 In Order to earth any static Charge on his person, the
the roof-seal is faulty. Operator shall tauch some part of the tank structure at least 1 m
Cl
from any sampling opening immediately before carrying out
any sampling Operation.
6.4 Static electricity
7 Procedures
6.4.1 The following precautions shall be taken to avoid
danger from static electricity when sampling tanks containing
flammable hydrocarbons stored at temperatures above their
Introduction
7.1
flash Points or in which a flammable atmosphere of hydrocar-
bon vapour or mist has been produced.
In this clause the general procedures that shall be applied for
sampling homogeneous oils are described and the additional
procedures that shall be applied for sampling crude oil and non-
of storage tanks, road vehicles, rail cars,
6.4.2 The contents
during filling, especially homogeneous oils are described in clause 8.
ships or ba rges shall not be sampled
ISO3170:1988(E)
Samples for special analysis
7.2.2
Unless othervvise specified, multiple-spot samples shall be col-
lected using the detailed procedure relevant to the particular
If samples are taken for the determination of trace materials, for
application.
example lead, specially prepared Sample Containers may be
recommended in the method of test. Take such samples
7.2 Precautions
directly in the prepared Container. Ancillary equipment and
sampling cord used shall in no way contaminate the Sample.
7.2.1 General precautions
If the tests for which the Sample is intended include certain
specific requirements such as topper or silver Strip corrosion,
7.2.1.1
A Sample shall not include material other than that to
take the Sample in dark-coloured glassware and protect the
be sampled and, if it is necessary to transfer a Sample from a
Sample from light Prior to testing. Any other method of obtain-
Sampler to a,container, appropriate precautions shall be taken
ing the Sample could affect the results of the corrosion test.
to preserve the integrity of the Sample.
If tests for such properties as water Separation characteristics,
NOTE -
The transfer of a Sample will usually have the following
Oxidation stability, existent gum, etc., are required, then take
effects :
care to ensure that any Sample Container has been suitably
a) loss of light ends (affecting density and vapour pressure);
prepared and is entirely free from contaminants such as flux or
b) changes in the relative proportions of oil and contaminants
other chemicals.
such as water and Sediment
7.2.3 Volatile materials
7.2.1.2 Sampling Personne1 shall be fuI*ly instructed in the
7.2.3.1 When taking samples of volatile crude oils and pro-
relevant procedures. Correct and ciearl;y defined sampling and
ducts, if it is necessary to avoid the loss of light ends, for
handling rprocedures are essential in Order to ensure that
I .
example for determination of density, vapour pressure or distil-
saq@es:are as representative as possible of the material being
lation, do not transfer or bulk oil from the original Sample con-
,=rn@led and are suitable for the tests required. Specific
tainer. Transport and store the Sample in an inverted Position to
precautions are necessary when drawing samples for certain
avoid loss of light ends through the closure.
tests and the correct sampling procedures shall be closely
followed to ensure that the test results are meaningful. These
iadditional precautions do not form part of this International
7.2.3.2 Depending on the nature and temperature of the
“Standard, but shall be set out in the test method or product
liquid, the ambient temperature, and the purpose for which the
.-z+pecification concerned.
Sample is required, some or all of the following precautions may
be necessary :
through a
a) passing the Sample sample-cooler at the
Point of sampling;
b) cooling the Sample Container to a suitable temperature;
7.2.1.4 Thoroughly inspect all sampling equipment, including
c) keeping the Sample Container cool until it has been
closures, to ensure that it is clean and dry.
sealed.
Sample Containers be cooled if necessary by immersion in
maY
7.2.1.5 Leave at least 10 % ullage in the Container to allow for
a cooling medium, e.g. crushed ice
expansion. Decanting to obtain the 10 % ullage is not good
practice because it will invalidate the representativity of the
7.2.4 Tank side and Pipeline sampling
Sample, particularly if any free water or an emulsion layer is
present. If spot samples are drawn from a tank, some of the
If a tank side or Pipeline sampling Point is used, adopt
the
Sample has to be removed from the Sample Container, and this
following ,ional sampl
addit ing precau tions
shall be done immediately the Sample Container has been with-
drawn from the tank.
a) Before taking tank side or Pipeline samples, completely
flush the sampling line to ensure removal of all previous
contents of the line.
7.2.1.6 Immediately after filling and closing the receiver or
Container, examine it closely for leaks.
b) The Sample lin e outlet shall be designed to extend to
near the bottom the Sample Container during
of sampling.
7.2.1.7 If large-volume samples are required which may not,
because of volatility or other considerations, be obtained by the c) If the material being sampled is volatile, cool the Sample
bulking of smaller quantities, mix the tank contents thoroughly Container to a suitable temperature and use an in-line cooler
by the means available (e.g. circulation, tank side mixer). Con- if necessary.
firm the homogeneity by tests on samples taken at sufficient
different levels as described in 4.2 and 8.2.1. The Container d) If the oil being sampled has a high pour Point, it may be
shall be filled using a Sample inlet extending to near the bottom necessary to insulate the Sample line thermally or to provide
means of heating the sampling connections in Order to pre-
of the Container, from tank side taps, a circulation pump bleed
valve or by siphoning. vent solidification.
ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
DO not prepare composite samples for testing unless they are
7.2.5 Labelling and transport
specifically specified, or agreed by the interested Parties. Other-
wise, individual spot samples shall be tested and an Overall
value calculated from the individual test results and the propor-
tion of the bulk represented by each Sample.
-
place at which Sample was drawn;
7.3.1 .1.3 Bottom sampling
- date;
Lower the bottom Sampler until it rests in an upright Position on
the bottom of the tank. After withdrawing the Sampler, if
-
initials or other identification mark of Operator;
necessary transfer the contents into the Sample Container,
taking care that all the Sample is properly transferred, including
description of material;
any water or solids that may adhere to the inner Walls of the
Sampler.
-
quantity represented by Sample;
-
tank No., package No. (and type), name of ship;
7.3.1 .1.4 Interface sampling
-
type of Sample;
Lower the Sampler with the valves open to permit the liquid to
flush through the device. At the level desired, close the valve(s)
sampling device used.
and withdraw the Sampler from
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-1996
1DIWQLSURL]YRGL7HNRþLRJOMLNRYRGLNL5RþQRY]RUþHQMH
Petroleum liquids -- Manual sampling
Produits pétroliers liquides -- Échantillonnage manuel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 3170:1988
ICS:
75.080 Naftni proizvodi na splošno Petroleum products in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ISO
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 3170
Second edition
1988-09-01
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEXJJYHAPOflHAR OPTAHM3A~Mfi I-IO CTAH~APTM3A~MM
Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling
Produkts p6 troliers liquides - &chan tiflonnage manuel
Reference number
ISO 3170: 1988 (E)
ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
Page
Contents
iv
Foreword .
V
.............................................................
Introduction
..............................................................
Scope
..................................................
Normative reference
Definitions. .
Principles. .
Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 General .
..................................................
5.2 Tank Samplers
..........................................
5.3 Drum and tan Samplers
................................................
Pipeline Samplers
5.4
.....................................................
5.5 Containers
..............................................
5.6 Container closures.
.................................................
5.7 Sample coolers.
...................................................
Safety precautions
6.1 General .
......................................
6.2 Safety aspects of equipment
.........................................
6.3 Safety at sampling Points
Static electricity .
6.4
..........................................................
Procedures
....................................................
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Precautions .
International Organkation for Standardkation, 1988
Printed in Switzerland
isO3170:1988(E)
Page
Tanksampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.3
7.4 Package sampling
...............................................
7.5 Pipeline sampling 20
................................................
8 Procedures for crude oils and other non-homogeneous Petroleum liquids . 20
8.1 General . 20
8.2 Procedures . 20
9 Samplehandling .
9.1 General . 21
Homogenization of samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9.2
9.3 Verification of mixing time
........................................
9.4 Transfer of samples
..............................................
Annex A
Bibliography. 23
Tables
1 Sampling of horizontal cylindrical tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Samplingplans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~.
2a Sample size code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2b Single sampling plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2c Double sampling plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Examples of Sample positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Examples of Sample cages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Examples of weighted sampling cans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Restrictive filling devices for running Samplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Example of intetface Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Examples of bottom Samplers and details of
opening/closing mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Deposit Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8 Example of an all-levels sampling device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example of vapour-leck device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D . . . . . . . . . . 11
Example of sampling tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
IO
. . .
Ill
lSO3170:1988(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard ISO 3170 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28,
Petroleum produc ts and lubrican ts.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3170 : 1975), of which it
constitutes a technical revision. lt also includes a procedure for transfer and subse-
quent handling of the Sample to ensure delivery of a representative Portion thereof into
laboratory apparatus or storage for possible reconciliation.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.

ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
Introduction
This International Standard should be applied in combination with ISO 3171,
Petroleum liquids - Au toma tic Pipeline sampling.
The purpose of this International Standard is to standardize conditions for obtaining a
Sample of liquid/semi-liquid hydrocarbons from a tank, drum or Pipeline. If the
hydrocarbon materials to be sampled are of non-homogeneous Character showing
significant variations in composition or containing Sediments and water, samples taken
manually should not be expected to be representative, but enable the degree of non-
homogeneity to be assessed and estimates of quality and quantity to be made.
lt is realized that in many countries some or all of the items covered by this Inter-
national Stan.dard are the subject of mandatory regulations imposed by the laws of
those countries; such regulations must be rigorously observed. In cases of conflict be-
tween such mandatory regulations and this International Standard, the former shall
prevail.
This page intentionally leff blank

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 3170 : 1988 (EI
Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling
liquids are applied to non-homogeneous liquids having signifi-
1 Scope
cant variations in composition or containing Sediments and/or
water, the samples may not be representative.
1.1 This International Standard specifies the procedures to
be used for obtaining, by manual methods, samples of liquid
1.6 The sampling procedures specified are intended to pro-
hydrocarbons, tank residues and deposits from fixed tanks,
vide samples for the following purposes:
railcars, road vehicles, ships and barges, drums and cans, or
from liquids being pumped in pipelines (see 4.3).
a) the determination of the oil quality;
1.2 lt applies to the sampling of liquid Petroleum products,
b) the determination of the water content of the oils;
crude oils and intermediate products, which are stored in tanks
at or near atmospheric pressure, or transferred by pipelines,
c) the determination of other contaminants that are not
and are handled as liquids at temperatures from near ambient
considered to be part of the liquid transferred.
up to 100 OC.
If the sampling conditions for the purposes a), b) and c) are in
The sampling procedures specified are not intended for the
conflict, separate samples are required.
sampling of special Petroleum products which may be the sub-
ject of other International Standards, such as aviation fuels,
1.7 Sampling procedures for tank contents that are not
electrical insulating oils, liquefied Petroleum gases, liquefied
homogeneous are specified that enable the degree of non-
bitumen and Chemical products, nor to
natura1 gases,
homogeneity to be assessed and estimates of quality and quan-
unstabilized crude oils having a Reid vapour pressure above
tity to be made.
180 kPa (1,8 bar).
1.8 Procedures for the sampling of residues and deposits in
1.3
Two basic manual sampling methods are available:
tanks are included, together with techniques for liquid
hydrocarbons under inert gas pressure.
-
tank sampling;
-
Pipeline sampling.
2 Normative reference
When a batch is received or consigned, either tank or Pipeline
The following Standard contains provisions which, through
sampling, or both, may be possible. However, if both methods
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International
are used, the two sets of samples shall not be mixed.
Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was
valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to
1.4 Procedures are specified which minimize or eliminate
agreements based on this International Standard are encour-
losses of light ends from samples. Such losses tan occur
aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
during handling or transfer of samples thereby making them
edition of the Standard listed below. Members of IEC and ISO
non-representative of the bulk material.
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
1.5 If the procedures intended for obtaining representative ISO 3171 : 1980, Petroleum liquids - Automatic Pipeline
sampling.
samples of Stocks or movements of homogeneous Petroleum
ISO 3170 : 1988 (E)
types of composite Sample are obtained by combining samples
3 Definitions
in accordance with one of the following (see clause 4
and 7.3.1 J.2) :
3.1 competent person : A person who, by reason of his or
her training, experience and theoretical and practical
a) upper, middle and lower samples in equal proportions;
knowledge, is able to detect any defects or weaknesses in the
plant or equipment and to make an authoritative judgement as
b) upper, middle and suction-level samples in equal pro-
to its suitability for further use.
portions;
NOTE - This person should have suff icient authority to ensure that
the necessary action is taken following his or her recommendations. c) a series of spot samples from a non-homogeneous oil
taken at more than three levels and blended in proportion to
the quantities of oil represented;
3.2 integrity of the Sample : The condition of being com-
plete and unaltered, i.e. the Sample being preserved with the
d) individual samples from several tanks or ship’s com-
same composition as when it was taken from the bulk of the
partments proportional to the total quantity each Sample
liquid.
represents;
3.3 mixer : A device which provides a homogeneous mix-
e) a series of spot samples of equal volume obtained from
ture of the liquid within a Pipeline or Container in Order to obtain
intervals.
a flowing pipel ine taken at specified
a representative Sample.
3.8.4 representative Sample : A Sample having its physical
3.3.1 static mixer : A mixing device having no moving Parts
or Chemical characteristics identical to the volumetric average
and located within a pipe or tube. lt depends on the kinetic
characteristics of the total volume being sampled.
energy of the moving liquid for the energy required to mix the
liquid.
3.8.5 running Sample : A Sample obtained by lowering a
Container from the top of the oil to the bottom and returning it
3.4 Pipeline : Any section of pipe used for the transfer of
to the top of the oil at a Speed such that the Container is about
liquid. An unobstructed pipe does not have any internal fittings
three-quarters full when withdrawn from the Oil.
such as .a static mixer or orifice plate.
3.8.6 spot Sample : A Sample taken at a specific location in a
3.5 residues and deposits : Organic and inorganic material, tank or from a pipe at a specific time during a pumping
together with any water dispersed within it, which has
Operation.
separated from the liquid and either
3.8.7 suction-level Sample : A Sample taken at the lowest
a) fallen to the bottom of the tank containing the liquid, or
level from which liquid hydrocarbon is pumped from the tank.
In determining this level, appropriate allowance is made for any
the liquid has pumped
b) been left in the tank
fittings within the tank such as Swing-arm, suction baffle or in-
out.
ternal bend (see figure 1).
3.6 Sample conditioning : Homogenization necessary to
3.8.8 upper Sample : A Sample taken at a level of one-sixth
stabilize the Sample during Sample handling in preparation for
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (sec figure 1).
analysis.
3.8.9 middle Sample : A Sample taken at a level of one-half
3.7 Sample handling : The conditioning, transferring,
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (see figure 1).
dividing and transporting of the Sample. lt includes transferring
the Sample from the Sampler (receiver) to a Container and from
3.8.10 lower Sample : A Sample taken at a level of five-sixths
the Container to the laboratory apparatus in which it is to be
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (see figure 1).
analysed.
3.8.11 top Sample : A spot Sample obtained 150 mm below
3.8 Sample types
the top surface of the liquid (sec figure 1).
A Sample obtained with an ap-
3.8.1 all-levels Sample :
3.8.12 skim Sample (surface Sample) : A Sample taken
paratus which is filled when passed through the total liquid
from the surface of the liquid (see figure 1).
height in one direction.
38.2 bottom Sample : A spot Sample taken from the
3.9 Statistical terms
material at the bottom sut-face (floor) of a tank or Container (sec
’ figure 1).
3.9.1 AQL (acceptable quality level) : The maximum per
cent defective (or the maximum number of defects per hundred
3.8.3 composite Sample : A Sample obtained by combining
units) that, for purposes of sampling inspection, tan be con-
a number of spot samples in defined proportions so as to obtain
sidered satisfactory as a process average.
a Sample representative of the bulk of the material. The usual
ISO3170:1988(E)
X Skim Sample
- Surface of oil
x Top Sample
X
X Upper Sample
X
X
.z
X Middle Sample
C
- Metre interva I samples
Suction-level Sample
X Sample Points
Figure 1 - Examples of Sample positions
3.11 Water
3.9.2 batch : A collection of packages containing a product
of a Single type and composition and of a Single manufactured
lot, or of a Single delivery.
dissolved water : The water contained within the oil
3.11.1
forming a Solution at the prevailing temperature.
Any type of Container, such as a drum,
3.9.3 package :
barrel, peg, tan or bottle.
: One hundred times the number of 3.11.2 suspended water : The water within the oil that is
3.9.4 per cent defective
finely dispersed as small droplets.
defective units of product contained in any given quantity
of units of product divided by the total number of units of
product, i.e.:
NOTE - lt may, over a period of time, either collect as free water or
become dissolved water, depending on the conditions of temperature
number of defectives
per cent defective = x 100
and pressure prevailing.
number of units inspected
3.9.5 Sample size : The number of samples to be drawn from
3.11.3 free water : The water that exists as a separate layer
a batch to determine its acceptability as given in sampling
from the Oil, and typically lies beneath the Oil.
Plans.
3.10 ullage : For the purpose of this International Standard,
3.11.4 total water : The sum of all the dissolved, suspended
the empty capacity left in a Sample receiver/container above
and free water in a cargo or parcel of Oil.
the liquid surface, expressed as volume.
ISO 3170 : 1988 (EI
4 Principles 5.2 Tank Samplers
4.1 To ensure that samples submitted for examination are as
52.1 General
representative as possible of the oil being sampled, the
necessary precautions are given. These depend on the
The tank Samplers are classif ied according
to the type of
characteristics of the liquid, the tank, Container or Pipeline from
Sample to be drawn
which the Sample is being obtained and the nature of the tests
to be carried out on the Sample.
-
spot Sample;
-
4.2 Tank sampling is commenced when the contents of the bottom Sample;
tank are at rest. The following samples are normally taken for
-
analysis : tank deposits/residues Sample;
-
either running Sample;
-
upper, middle and lower samples, all-levels Sample.
a)
The devices shall have a cord or cable or chain of conductive,
sparkproof material attached to them for the purpose of Iower-
ing or raising them in the tank.
b) upper, middle and suction-level samples.
NOTE - The cord should be suff iciently conductive not to be capable
If tests on these samples show that the contents of the tank are
of producing static electricity
homogeneous, they may be combined in equal proportions for
further tests.
5.2.2 Spot Samplers
If the tests on these samples show that the contents of the tank
are non-homogeneous, it is necessary to draw samples from This apparatus shall be constructed so that a Sample tan be
more than three levels and either a composite Sample is taken at any specific level in a tank. The following kinds of ap-
paratus are suitable.
prepared for analysis or, if blending would impair the integrity
of the Sample, each Sample is analysed separately and the com-
Position corresponding to the composite Sample is calculated.
5.2.2.1 Sampling tage
In this calculation, allowance is made for the proportion of the
oil represented by each Sample.
This shall be a metal or plastics holder or tage, suitably con-
structed to hold the appropriate Container. The combined ap-
Other methods are
paratus shall be weighted so as to sink readily in the material to
be sampled, and Provision shall be made to fill the Container at
c) a running Sample, or
any desired level (sec figure 2).
d) an all-levels Sample.
Bottles of the appropriate dimensions are required to fit a
sampling tage. The use of a sampling tage is generally pre-
ferred to that of a weighted sampling tan for volatile products,
4.3 To obtain a representative Sample from a batch of non-
since loss of light ends is likely to occur when transferring the
homogeneous material being pumped in a Pipeline, the Sample
Sample from a weighted sampling tan to another Container.
shall be drawn using an automatic sampling device as stated in
ISO 3171. On occasions it may be necessary to take samples
NOTE - The sampling tage may be omitted if the Sample bottle is
manually. These are spot samples and may not be represen-
securely attached to a weighted Cord. The cork is also tied to the line
tative of the bulk.
about 150 mm from the neck of the bottle.
5.2.2.2 Weighted sampling tan (see figure 3)
5 Apparatus
This shall be weighted so as to sink readily in the oil to be
5.1 General
sampled. If used for obtaining upper, middle, lower or suction-
level samples, the lowering device shall be attached to the tan
All sampling devices shall be designed and constructed so as to
in such a manner that the stopper tan be opened by means of a
assure the function for which they are intended in Order to
sharp jerk. If used as a running Sampler, the special stopper
maintain the initial characteristics of the Oil. They shall be of
shown in figure 4 shall be used. In Order to avoid Problems in
sufficient strength and externally protected to withstand nor-
cleaning the tan, any weighting material shall be fixed to the
mal internal pressures likely to be generated, or provided with a
tan in such a way that it does not come into contact with the
relief valve, and sufficiently robust to withstand any handling
Sample.
that may be encountered. Their cleanliness shall be confirmed
before use.
Some sampling cans have special opening facilities, for
example devices having valves opened or closed at the desired
NOTE - Various sampling devices are described in general terms in
level by a weight falling down alongside and guided by the
5.2 to 5.7 and any essential aspects are specified. Detailed specifica-
suspending cable, or having wing or flap valves which are
tions have not been given for these items because any suitable device
of the type described may be used.
closed upon initiation of upward movement.
ISO3170:1988(E)
,-.
e
;o:
k*
I I
‘-J
,LL,
m--e.
m--m
I
liI
-I
Weighted bottle
Swivel , ?
9 , carrier (tan be
;+, 1
I I
I I fabricated to fit
I
I
I 1
.+: :I
any size of bottl
e)
*i
Examples of Sample cages
Figure 2 -
ISO3170:1988(E)
Long chain of sparkproof material
or cord attached to permit filling
handle
Tight-fitting conical cap
Reinforced
mouth
+--- Wire handle
Brazed or welded joint
* Sheet lead
Materials : brass, topper
or stainless steel
External lead weight
Figure 3 - Examples of weighted sampling cans

ISO 3170 : ‘1988 (E)
a) Screw cap with opening
b) Cork with hole bored
NOTE - The size of opening will be dependent on the viscosity of the liquid, its depth and the size of Container.
Figure 4 - Restrictive filling devices for running Samplers
5.2.2.3 Interface Sampler 5.2.3 Bottom Samplers
A tube made of glass, metal or plastics material, open at both These are receptacles which tan be Iowered to the bottom of a
ends to allow a free flow of liquid during lowering through the
tank where a valve or similar closure is opened by contact with
liquid. The closing of the lower end at the desired level may be the floor of the tank and closed on lifting (sec figure 6).
achieved by various devices :
a) a closure mechanism actuated by upward movement of
5.2.4 Residue/deposit Samplers
the Sampler;
b) a weight falling down guided by the suspending cable
5.2.4.1 Grab Sampler
(drop messenger), so as to actuate the closure mechanism.
The Sampler consists of a sturdy-walled brass casing with an in-
An interface Sampler may be used for withdrawing a spot
tegrated grasping device. The bottom of the Sampler body con-
Sample from a selected level or taking a bottom Sample to
sists of two spring-closed jaws, the mechanism of which is
detect the presence of contaminants.
released by a drop messenger. Two light plates cover the open-
ing at the top of the Sampler to prevent the Sample from being
lt shall be designed and constructed such that if lowered slowly
washed out while the Sampler is being raised out of the liquid
it tan be used to trap a vertical column of liquid at the bottom
(figure 7).
of the tank or at any other selected level (see figure 5).

ISO3170:1988(E)
for triggering
Weig ht
closing mechanism
&--z--
i+-=s
j!C
;z =
$------
;o-----
Figure 5 - Example of interface Sampler

iSO3170:1988(E)
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c ‘= UZ
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Ir” o+s
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ISO3170:1988(E)
Tumbler stop
r
Thermometer -
Suspension rod -
Deposit Sampler
Figure 7 -
5.2.4.2 Gravitation/ram core Sampler
This is a tubular device of uniform diameter either weighted or
equipped with a mechanically operated driver to penetrate the
deposit layer to be sampled.
5.2.5 Running Samplers
A running Sampler is a Container weighted or enclosed in a
weighted tage and equipped if necessary with a restrictive fill-
ing device (sec figure 4). lt is designed to obtain a Sample
whilst being lowered and raised through the oil (see figures 2
Knut-led ring
and 3). lt has not been established that such devices fill at a
for gripping
uniform rate.
bottom stand
Filling holes
b
5.2.6 All-levels sampling devices
in bottom stand
Contact line
These devices have a liquid inlet and gas outlet designed to ob-
tain a Sample whilst being Iowered or raised through the Oil. lt
has not been established that such devices fill at a uniform rate. NOTE - The filling holes are closed by the bottom stand rising when it
An example is shown in figure 8. makes contact with the tank bottom.
Figure 8 - Example of an all-levels sampling device
ISO3170:1988(E)
5.3 Drum and tan Samplers
5.2.7 Vapour-leck devices
A tube Sampler is commonly used (see figure 10). This is a tube
These are used to take samples from tanks under pressure, in
made of glass, metal or plastics material, with suitable fittings if
particular from those tanks utilizing inert gas Systems. They tan
required to facilitate handling, which tan be inserted into a
consist of a gas-tight enclosure placed on top of a valved roof
drum, tan or road vehicle to the desired level. It may be used
connection as shown in figure 9. A Sample Container in a
for withdrawing either a spot Sample from a selected level or a
suitable sampling tage or the special Sampler shown in figure 9
bottom Sample to detect the presence of contaminants. A tube
tan be attached, via a gas-tight window, to the lowering gear.
Sampler having a closure mechanism at the lower end tan be
The window is then closed, the roof valve opened, and the
used for taking a representative Sample through a vertical
Sample Container or Sampler Iowered to the required depth in
Cross-section of the liquid.
the product before filling. The valve is closed with the Sampler
in the elevated Position before the latter is withdrawn via the
Alternatively, a small sampling tage of appropriate dimensions
window.
or a drum pump or syphoning device may be used.
Figure 9 - Example of vapour-leck device Figure IO - Example of sampling tube
ISO 3170 : 1988 0
prehensive. The list shall be read in conjunction with the ap-
5.4 Pipeline Samplers
propriate national safety regulations or any recognized code in
54.1 If an automatic Pipeline Sampler is required, refer to the Petroleum industry. The precautions given below shall be
ISO 3171.
taken whenever they do not conflict with local or national
regulations, which must, in any case, always be followed.
5.4.2 A manual Sampler consists of a suitable Pipeline probe
with an isolating valve. The probe shall extend into the Pipeline Careful consideration shall be given to the nature and known
so that the Point of Sample entry is not nearer to the pipe wall hazards of the material being sampled, which will affect the
than a quarter of the internal diameter. lt shall have a delivery detailed nature of the precautions to be observed.
tube that will be long enough to resch the bottom of the Sample
Container, allowing submerged filling.
6.1.2 Personne1 shall be made aware of the potential hazards
in safety precautions to be observed.
and be given instructions
5.5 Containers
6.1 .3 All reg ulations covering entry into hazardous areas shall
Sample Containers shall be glass or plastics bottles, metal-
observed.
be rigorously
covered bottles or cans, depending on the material to be sam-
pled. The size of such vessels normally varies between 0,25 and
5 litres, but larger Containers may be required when special
6.1.4 Care shall be taken to avoid breathing Petroleum vapour
tests, bulking or division of samples is called for. Plastics con-
during the sampling operations. Protective gloves of
tainers shall not be used for Sample storage as these may not
hydrocarbon-insoluble materials shall be worn. Eye shields or
retain the integrity of the Sample due to diffusion; in addition,
face shields shall be worn where there is a danger of splashing.
the use of Containers made of non-linear polyethylene would
Additional precautions may be necessary when handling sour
lead to Sample contamination and/or Sample Container failure.
crude.
5.6 Container closures
6.1.5 When handling leaded fuels, the safety regulations shall
be meticulously observed.
Corks, ground glass Stoppers or plastics or metal screw-taps
may be used for closing Sample bottles. Rubber Stoppers shall
6.2 Safety aspects of equipment
not be used. Corks shall be of good quality and free from loose
pieces or dust. They shall be softened by rolling or squeezing
6.2.1 With regard to their mechanical properties, receivers/
and pressed well into the neck of the bottle to prevent leakage
Containers shall be properly designed in accordance with the
or evaporation. Where necessary, a protective cover of a
respective national/international Standards.
suitable material shall be used. Corks shall not be used with
volatile liquids, as the vapour may penetrate into the cork and
Pressure tests and other inspection work shall be performed ac-
Cause contamination of subsequent samples; an inert vapour-
cording to the local regulations by a competent person and the
tight closure shall be used.
results of such tests shall be recorded. Cleaning and leak-
testing operations shall be performed at regular intervals.
Corks shall not be re-used for different types of product, since
thorough cleaning is difficult and hydrocarbons may penetrate
into the cork and Cause contamination of subsequent samples.
6.2.2 Cords used for lowering sampling equipment shall be
Re-use of corks is permissible only if the use is restricted to one
electrically conductive. They shall not be made solely from
type of product.
man-made fibres; vegetable fibres such as manila or Sisal are
preferred for this purpose.
Screw-taps of cans or bottles shall be fitted with discs of cork
or other oil-resistant material. The disc, which shall only be
6.2.3 Portable metal sampling equipment used in flammable
used once, shall be removed before the cleaning of screw-taps
atmospheres shall be of non-sparking material.
and a new disc shall subsequently be fitted.
5.7 Sample coolers 6.2.4 I Sampling Personne1 shal I be provided with carriers for
their equipment i n Order that at least one hand may be free.
A cooling coil made of seamless topper tubing, or other
suitable metal tubing, with an internal diameter in the range of
6.2.5 Lamps and torches shall be of an approved type suitable
6 to 10 mm, is fixed in an open, portable Container in such a
for the electrical classification of the area.
way that it is immersed in a water/ice-cube mixture during use.
6.2.6 Suitable clothing and equipment to provide protection
The inlet end of the tubing shall be furnished with a flange or
against all known hazards associated with the material being
other appropriate means of connection to the sampling valve.
sampled shall be worn.
The outlet end shall be open.
6.2.7 If the Reid vapour pressure (RVP) of the product to be
6 Safety precautions
sampled is between 100 kPa (1,O bar) and 180 kPa (1,8 bar),
the Sample bottles shall be protected with a metal case until the
6.1 General
Sample is discarded. Above 180 kPa (1,8 bar) RVP, only metal
sampling cans constructed to contain the pressure involved
6.1.1 The safety precautions given below apply general ly and
shall be used. (See also 1.2.)
consti tute good p iractice, but the list is not necessarily 1 com-
ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
when being filled with clean, refined, volatile products capable
6.2.8 Care shall be taken to avoid heating of volatile samples
of giving rise to flammable vapour-air mixtures in the ullage
in Containers with gas-tight closures.
space.
63 . Safety at sampling Points
6.4.3 When sampling, the sampling line shall be kept firmly
earthed at all times, either by direct earth connection or firm
6.3.1 Sampling Points shall be provided which enable
contact with the dip hatch, to prevent sparking.
samples to be taken in a safe manner. Any potential hazards
associated with sampling shall be clearly marked and it is
6.4.4 When sampling clean, refined, volatile products, in-
recommended that a pressure gauge be provided.
cluding kerosene and gas Oil, which have been loaded at a
temperature near or above their flash Point or into tanks which
6.3.2 The sampling Point and equipment shall be adequately
are not gas-free, it is essential that a relaxation time of 30 min
maintained and regularly inspected, and the results of the in-
after completion of transfer or loading into each tank or con-
spection recorded, by a competent person.
tainer shall be allowed before introducing any conductive
sampling equipment into the tank or Container.
6.3.3 Safe access to sampling Points, with adequate lighting,
However, if one or more of the following
apply, sampling may
shall be provided. Access ladders, stairways, platforms and
ta ke place before the elapse of the 30 mi n relaxation time :
handrails shall be maintained in a structurally safe condition
and regularly inspected by a competent person.
for a floating-roof tank, the sampling is carried out from
a)
a slotted dip Pipe;
for all draining and flushing
6.3 .4 Adequate a nd safe drainage
uirements shall be provided. b) for a fixed- roof tank, the tank is fitted an earthed
w
f loating cover;
uipmen t shall be reported
6.3.5 Any spillages or defects in eq
c) the product contains sufficient static-dissipating ad-
immediately to a competent person.
ditive to ensure an Overall conductivity greater than
50 pS/m and no mist or Spray is being formed in the ullage
space (see the note).
6.3.6 Care shall be taken to avoid breathing Petroleum
vapours during sampling operations.
NOTE - Static-dissipating additives tan increase the conductivity of
hydrocarbon liquids to a level sufficient to avoid the accumulation of
6.3.7 Floating-roof tanks shall be sampled from the top plat-
static electrical Charge; an Overall conductivity of 50 pS/m is accept-
form whenever practicable, as toxic and flammable vapours able. The relaxation time for a bound Charge in the body of a liquid is so
short at this conductivity level that the Charge is dissipated almost as it
may accumulate above the roof. When it is necessary to des-
forms. As a result, gauging and sampling may take place without delay
cend to the roof for sampling, unless the atmosphere above the
or even while filling is in progress so long as no mist or Spray is being
roof has been proved to be Safe, at least two persons wearing
formed in the ullage space. Charged droplets tan exist in mists or
self-contained breathing apparatus shall be present.
Sprays and produce an accumulation of static electricity, regardless of
the presence of static dissipation additives in the liquid product.
The second or other person(s) shall stand by at the head of the
stairway where he (they) tan clearly observe the Sampler on the
6.4.5 Footwear capable of causing Sparks shall not be worn in
roof. The Sampler shall descend to the roof, take the required
areas where flammable vapours are likely to be present. Rubber
samples, and return to the head of the stairway in the minimum
footwear is not recommended in dry zones.
time possible.
which render the
The following are some of the conditions
maY
6.4.6 Clothing shall be of cotto #n, or linen, or wool and the
atmosphere above the roof hazardous :
,made fibres shall be avoided
wearing of man-
hydrogen sulfide and volatile mer-
a) the prod uct contains
6.4.7 Sampling shall not be carried out during periods of at-
captans;
mospheric electric disturbance or hai storms.
the roof is not fully floating;
b)
6.4.8 In Order to earth any static Charge on his person, the
the roof-seal is faulty. Operator shall tauch some part of the tank structure at least 1 m
Cl
from any sampling opening immediately before carrying out
any sampling Operation.
6.4 Static electricity
7 Procedures
6.4.1 The following precautions shall be taken to avoid
danger from static electricity when sampling tanks containing
flammable hydrocarbons stored at temperatures above their
Introduction
7.1
flash Points or in which a flammable atmosphere of hydrocar-
bon vapour or mist has been produced.
In this clause the general procedures that shall be applied for
sampling homogeneous oils are described and the additional
procedures that shall be applied for sampling crude oil and non-
of storage tanks, road vehicles, rail cars,
6.4.2 The contents
during filling, especially homogeneous oils are described in clause 8.
ships or ba rges shall not be sampled
ISO3170:1988(E)
Samples for special analysis
7.2.2
Unless othervvise specified, multiple-spot samples shall be col-
lected using the detailed procedure relevant to the particular
If samples are taken for the determination of trace materials, for
application.
example lead, specially prepared Sample Containers may be
recommended in the method of test. Take such samples
7.2 Precautions
directly in the prepared Container. Ancillary equipment and
sampling cord used shall in no way contaminate the Sample.
7.2.1 General precautions
If the tests for which the Sample is intended include certain
specific requirements such as topper or silver Strip corrosion,
7.2.1.1
A Sample shall not include material other than that to
take the Sample in dark-coloured glassware and protect the
be sampled and, if it is necessary to transfer a Sample from a
Sample from light Prior to testing. Any other method of obtain-
Sampler to a,container, appropriate precautions shall be taken
ing the Sample could affect the results of the corrosion test.
to preserve the integrity of the Sample.
If tests for such properties as water Separation characteristics,
NOTE -
The transfer of a Sample will usually have the following
Oxidation stability, existent gum, etc., are required, then take
effects :
care to ensure that any Sample Container has been suitably
a) loss of light ends (affecting density and vapour pressure);
prepared and is entirely free from contaminants such as flux or
b) changes in the relative proportions of oil and contaminants
other chemicals.
such as water and Sediment
7.2.3 Volatile materials
7.2.1.2 Sampling Personne1 shall be fuI*ly instructed in the
7.2.3.1 When taking samples of volatile crude oils and pro-
relevant procedures. Correct and ciearl;y defined sampling and
ducts, if it is necessary to avoid the loss of light ends, for
handling rprocedures are essential in Order to ensure that
I .
example for determination of density, vapour pressure or distil-
saq@es:are as representative as possible of the material being
lation, do not transfer or bulk oil from the original Sample con-
,=rn@led and are suitable for the tests required. Specific
tainer. Transport and store the Sample in an inverted Position to
precautions are necessary when drawing samples for certain
avoid loss of light ends through the closure.
tests and the correct sampling procedures shall be closely
followed to ensure that the test results are meaningful. These
iadditional precautions do not form part of this International
7.2.3.2 Depending on the nature and temperature of the
“Standard, but shall be set out in the test method or product
liquid, the ambient temperature, and the purpose for which the
.-z+pecification concerned.
Sample is required, some or all of the following precautions may
be necessary :
through a
a) passing the Sample sample-cooler at the
Point of sampling;
b) cooling the Sample Container to a suitable temperature;
7.2.1.4 Thoroughly inspect all sampling equipment, including
c) keeping the Sample Container cool until it has been
closures, to ensure that it is clean and dry.
sealed.
Sample Containers be cooled if necessary by immersion in
maY
7.2.1.5 Leave at least 10 % ullage in the Container to allow for
a cooling medium, e.g. crushed ice
expansion. Decanting to obtain the 10 % ullage is not good
practice because it will invalidate the representativity of the
7.2.4 Tank side and Pipeline sampling
Sample, particularly if any free water or an emulsion layer is
present. If spot samples are drawn from a tank, some of the
If a tank side or Pipeline sampling Point is used, adopt
the
Sample has to be removed from the Sample Container, and this
following ,ional sampl
addit ing precau tions
shall be done immediately the Sample Container has been with-
drawn from the tank.
a) Before taking tank side or Pipeline samples, completely
flush the sampling line to ensure removal of all previous
contents of the line.
7.2.1.6 Immediately after filling and closing the receiver or
Container, examine it closely for leaks.
b) The Sample lin e outlet shall be designed to extend to
near the bottom the Sample Container during
of sampling.
7.2.1.7 If large-volume samples are required which may not,
because of volatility or other considerations, be obtained by the c) If the material being sampled is volatile, cool the Sample
bulking of smaller quantities, mix the tank contents thoroughly Container to a suitable temperature and use an in-line cooler
by the means available (e.g. circulation, tank side mixer). Con- if necessary.
firm the homogeneity by tests on samples taken at sufficient
different levels as described in 4.2 and 8.2.1. The Container d) If the oil being sampled has a high pour Point, it may be
shall be filled using a Sample inlet extending to near the bottom necessary to insulate the Sample line thermally or to provide
means of heating the sampling connections in Order to pre-
of the Container, from tank side taps, a circulation pump bleed
valve or by siphoning. vent solidification.
ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
DO not prepare composite samples for testing unless they are
7.2.5 Labelling and transport
specifically s
...

ISO
NORME INTERNATIONALE
Deuxième édition
1988-09-01
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEXAYHAPOfiHAfl OPrAHM3A~Mfl Il0 CTAHJJAPTM3A~MM
Produits pétroliers liquides - Échantillonnage manuel
Petroleum fiquids - Manual sampling
Numéro de référence
ISO 3170: 1988 (F)
1s0 3170 : 1988 (FI
Page
Sommaire
iv
Avant-propos .
v
Introduction .
1 Domaine d’application .
2 Référence normative. .
3 Définitions. .
4 Principes .
5 Appareils .
5.1 Généralités .
5.2 Échantillonneur de réservoir. .
Fûts et bouteilles d’échantillonnage .
5.3
5.4 Échantillonneur de ligne .
Récipients
5.5 .
Fermeture des récipients. .
5.6
.......................... 12
5.7 Dispositif de réfrigération des échantillons.
6 Dispositionsdesécurité .
6.1 Généralités. .
6.2 Conditions de securite sur les équipements .
6.3 Sécurité aux points de prélévement .
6.4 Électricité statique .
7 Modesopératoires .
7.1 Introduction .
7.2 Précautions . 14
@ Organisation internationale de normalisation, 1988 0
Imprimé en Suisse
ii
ISO3170:1988(F)
Page
....................................
7.3 Échantillonnage des réservoirs.
......................................
7.4 Échantillonnage d’emballage
......................................... 20
7.5 Échantillonnage sur ligne
8 Modes opératoires applicables aux pétroles bruts et à d’autres
................................. 20
hydrocarbures liquides non homogènes
8.1 Généralités. .
.............................................. 20
8.2 Modes opératoires.
............................................ 21
9 Traitement de l’échantillon
Généralités. .
9.1
................................. 21
Homogénéisation des échantillons
9.2
........................ 22
Vérification de la durée de l’homogénéisation
9.3
........................................ 22
Transfert des échantillons.
9.4
Annexe A
Bibliographie. .
Tableaux
1 Échantillonnage des réservoirs cylindriques horizontaux. .
2 Plans d’échantillonnage .
2a Code de dimension d’échantillon .
..................................... 18
2b Plan d’échantillonnage unique
.............................. 19
2c Double programme d’échantillonnage.
Figures
................................ 3
1 Exemples de niveaux d’échantillonnage.
.............. 5
2 Exemples de paniers lestés pour bouteilles d’échantillonnage
......................... 6
3 Exemples de bidons lestés pour échantillonnage
............... 7
4 Dispositifs de remplisssage pour échantillonneur aller-retour
5 Exemple d’échantillonneur d’inter-face . 8
Exemples d’échantillonneurs de fond et détails du mécanisme d’ouverture
et de fermeture .
7 Échantillonneurdedépôt .
8 Exemple de dispositif d’échantillonnage tous niveaux .
9 Exempledesas .
...................................... 11
10 Exemple de tube échantillonneur

lSO3170:1988(F)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale
d’organismes nationaux de normalisation (comites membres de I’ISO). L’elaboration
des Normes internationales est en général confiée aux comités techniques de I’ISO.
Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire partie du comite
technique crée à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec I’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO col-
labore étroitement avec la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui
concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les projets de Normes internationales adoptés par les comités techniques sont soumis
aux comités membres pour approbation, avant leur acceptation comme Normes inter-
nationales par le Conseil de I’ISO. Les Normes internationales sont approuvées confor-
mément aux procédures de I’ISO qui requièrent l’approbation de 75 % au moins des
comités membres votants.
La Norme internationale ISO 3170 a été élaborée par le comité technique ISO/TC 28,
Produits pétroliers et lubrifiants.
Cette deuxième édition annule et remplace la première édition (ISO 3170 : 19751, dont
elle constitue une révision technique. Elle comprend également des règles de transva-
sement et de manipulation d’échantillons, visant à assurer la remise au laboratoire
d’une fraction représentative de matière, en vue d’une éventuelle conciliation.
L’annexe A de la présente Norme internationale est donnée uniquement à titre d’ infor-
mation.
ISO3170:1988(F)
Introduction
La présente Norme internationale devra être utilisée parallèlement à I’ISO 3171, Pro-
duits pétroliers - Hydrocarbures liquides - Échantillonnage automatique en oléoduc.
La présente Norme internationale a pour objet de normaliser les conditions de préléve-
ment d’échantillon d’hydrocarbures liquides, semi-liquides, dans un réservoir, un fût
ou un oléoduc. Si les hydrocarbures à échantillonner présentent un caractère non
homogène s’exprimant par des variations significatives de composition, la présence de
sédiments et d’eau, on ne saurait considérer les échantillons prélevés manuellement
comme représentatifs, même s’ils permettent malgré tout d’évaluer le degré d’hétéro-
généité et de procéder à des estimations qualitatives et quantitatives.
On a constaté que dans de nombreux pays, certains, voire la totalité des articles rele-
vant de la présente Norme internationale sont soumis à des réglements imposés par les
lois desdits pays. Ces règlements doivent être strictement observés. En cas de conflit
entre ces reglements obligatoires et la présente Norme internationale, les premiers
l’emportent.
Page blanche
ISO 3170 : 1988 (FI
NORME INTERNATIONALE
Produits pétroliers liquides - Échantillonnage manuel
mouvement sont appliquées à des produits non homogènes,
1 Domaine d’application
présentant des variations significatives de composition ou con-
tenant des sédiments et/ou de l’eau, il se peut que les échantil-
1.1 La présente Norme internationale spécifie les règles de
lons prélevés ne soient pas représentatifs.
prélèvement manuel d’échantillons d’hydrocarbures liquides,
de résidus et de dépots, contenus dans des réservoirs fixes,
1.6 Les échantillons prélevés conformément à la présente
wagons-citernes, camions-citernes, navires-citernes, chalands,
Norme internationale doivent servir à déterminer
fûts et bidons ou de liquides en cours de pompage dans des
oléoducs (voir 4.3).
a) la qualité du produit pétrolier;
1.2 Elle s’applique à l’échantillonnage de produits pétroliers
b) la teneur en eau du produit pétrolier;
liquides, de pétroles bruts et de produits intermédiaires, sto-
ckés dans des réservoirs a la pression atmosphérique ou appro-
c) la présence d’autres impuretés ne faisant normalement
chante, ou acheminés par oléoducs, et qui sont manipulés à
pas partie des produits acheminés.
l’etat liquide à des températures allant de la température
ambiante à 100°C.
Si un seul échantillonnage ne peut faire apparaître les trois
points précités, il convient de procéder à des échantillonnages
Les règles d’échantillonnage spécifiées ne concernent pas cer-
séparés.
tains produits pétroliers susceptibles de faire l’objet d’autres
Normes internationales, tels que les carburants pour aviation,
1.7 La présente Norme internationale spécifie par ailleurs des
les huiles diélectriques, les gaz de pétrole liquéfiés, les gaz
procédures d’échantillonnage du contenu non homogène de
naturels liquéfiés, les produits bitumineux et chimiques, ou les
réservoirs, permettant d’évaluer le degré d’hétérogénéité et de
pétroles bruts non stabilisés, caractérisés par une tension de
procéder a des estimations qualitatives et quantitatives.
vapeur Reid supérieure à 180 kPa (1,8 bar).
1.8 La présente Norme internationale contient également des
1.3 Deux méthodes principales d’échantillonnage manuel
procédures d’échantillonnage des residus et dépôts contenus
sont proposées :
dans les réservoirs, de même que des techniques visant les
hydrocarbures soumis à la pression de gaz inerte.
- l’échantillonnage sur réservoir;
- l’échantillonnage en ligne.
2 Référence normative
Lors de la réception ou de l’envoi d’un lot, ces méthodes sont
La norme suivante contient des dispositions qui, par suite de la
utilisables individuellement ou ensemble. Toutefois, si l’on a
référence qui en est faite, constituent des dispositions valables
recours aux deux méthodes, on ne doit pas mélanger les deux
pour la présente Norme internationale. Au moment de la publi-
lots d’échantillons.
cation de cette norme, l’édition indiquée était en vigueur. Toute
norme est sujette à révision et les parties prenantes des accords
1.4 La présente Norme internationale spécifie des règles
fondés sur cette Norme internationale sont invitées à recher-
visant à réduire au minimum, voire à éliminer, les pertes de frac-
cher la possibilité d’appliquer l’édition la plus récente de la
tions légères dans les échantillons. De telles pertes peuvent sur-
norme indiquée ci-après. Les membres de la CEI et de I’ISO
venir pendant les manipulations ou le transport des échantil-
possèdent le registre des Normes internationales en vigueur à
lons, qui ne sont donc plus représentatifs de la masse.
un moment donné.
1.5 Si les règles de prélèvements d’échantillons représenta- ISO 3171 : 1988, Produits pétroliers - Hydrocarbures liquides
tifs de produits pétroliers liquides homogènes sur stock ou en
- &han tillonnage automatique en oléoduc.

Iso 3170: 1988 (FI
portions définies, pour aboutir à un échantillon représentatif de
3 Définitions
l’ensemble de la matière. Les types courants d’échantillons
composites sont obtenus en mélangeant les échantillons sui-
3.1 personne qualifiée : Personne qui, en raison de sa for-
mation, de son expérience et de ses connaissances théoriques vants (voir article 4 et 7.3.1 .1.2) :
et pratiques, peut déceler tout défaut ou carence au niveau de
a) échantillon haut, milieu et bas dans des proportions
l’installation ou du matériel et juger si leur utilisation peut être
poursuivie. égales;
NOTE - Cette personne devra avoir une autorité suffisante pour veiller
milieu
b) échantillon haut, et au niveau de soutirage en
à ce que ses recommandations soient suivies d’effet.
proportions égales;
3.2 intégrité d’un échantillon : État d’un échantillon com-
c) série d’échantillons ponctuels issus d’un produit pétro-
plet et non altéré, c’est-à-dire qui conserve la même composi-
lier non homogène, prélevés à plus de trois niveaux et
tion qu’à son prélèvement de la masse.
mélangés proportionnellement aux quantités de pétrole
représentées;
3.3 homogenéisateur : Dispositif donnant un mélange
homogène de liquide dans une canalisation ou dans un conte-
d) échantillons propres à plusieurs réservoirs ou citernes
neur, dans le but d’obtenir un échantillon représentatif.
de navires, proportionnellement à la quantité totale que cha-
que échantillon représente;
3.3.1 homogénéisateur statique : Appareil de mélange,
e) série d’échantillons ponctuels d’égal volume, obtenus
réglable ou non, qui utilise l’énergie cinétique du fluide afin de
d’un robinet de soutirage de ligne, prélevés à des intervalles
fournir la puissance requise pour homogénéiser le liquide en
de temps déterminés.
mouvement. II est situé à l’intérieur d’une canalisation ou d’un
tuyau.
3.8.4 échantillon représentatif : Échantillon dont les carac-
téristiques physiques ou chimiques sont identiques aux carac-
3.4 canalisation : Toute section de tuyau servant à achemi-
ner des liquides. Un tuyau libre ne comportant aucun aménage- téristiques moyennes du volume total échantillonné.
ment intérieur, tel qu’un homogénéisateur statique ou une pla-
que perforée.
3.8.5 échantillon aller-retour : Échantillon obtenu en fai-
sant descendre un récipient au fond du réservoir, depuis la sur-
face, et en le ramenant à la surface à une vitesse telle qu’il soit
3.5 résidus et d6pôts : Matières organiques et inorganiques
contenant éventuellement de l’eau, qui se sont séparées du plein environ aux trois-quarts à sa sortie.
liquide et
tombées au fond du réservoir contenant le liquide, 3.8.6 échantillon ponctuel : Échantillon prélevé en un point
a) sont
ou déterminé d’un réservoir ou d’une canalisation, à un moment
déterminé au cours d’une opération de pompage.
b) sont restées dans le réservoir après le pompage du
liquide.
3.8.7 échantillon au niveau de soutirage : Échantillon pré-
levé au niveau le plus bas où l’hydrocarbure liquide puisse être
3.6 conditionnement de l’échantillon : Homogénéisation
prélevé par pompage dans un réservoir. Pour déterminer ce
requise pour stabiliser l’échantillon pendant les manipulations
niveau, on doit tenir compte de tout aménagement intérieur du
qui précèdent l’analyse.
réservoir, tel qu’un bras rotatif, une chicane d’aspiration ou une
courbure interne (voir figure 1).
3.7 traitement de l’échantillon : Conditionnement, trans-
fert, division et transport de l’échantillon. Ceci inclut également
3.8.8 échantillon haut : Échantillon prélevé à un niveau
le transvasement de l’échantillon du réceptacle dans un ou des
situé à un sixième de la profondeur du liquide à partir de la sur-
conteneurs, et l’extraction de l’échantillon de son conteneur
face (voir figure 1).
pour l’introduire dans l’appareil de laboratoire où il doit être
analysé.
3.8.9 échantillon milieu : Échantillon prélevé au milieu du
contenu du réservoir (voir figure 1).
3.8 Catégories d’échantillons
Échantillon prélevé à un niveau
3.8.10 échantillon bas :
3.8.1 échantillons tous niveaux : Échantillon prélevé grâce
situé aux cinq sixièmes de la profondeur du liquide à partir de la
à un appareil qui se remplit en traversant verticalement la tota-
surface (voir figure 1).
lité du liquide dans une direction.
3.8.11 échantillon du sommet : Échantillon ponctuel, pré-
3.8.2 échantillon de fond : Échantillon ponctuel prélevé
levé à 150 mm au-dessous de la surface du liquide (voir
dans la matière au fond du réservoir ou du récipient (voir
figure 1).
figure 1).
3.8.12 échantillon de surface : Échantillon ponctuel prélevé
3.8.3 échantillon composite : Échantillon obtenu par
à la surface du liquide (voir figure 1).
l’association de plusieurs échantillons ponctuels dans des pro-
ISO3170:1988(F)
X Échantillon de surface
*-D Surface du produit pétrolier
X Échantillon de tête
X
X
X Échantillon haut
X
X
X
Échantillons à des
X Échantillon milieu
- intervalles de 1 mètre
X
X
X Échantillon bas
X
Échantillon au niveau de soutirage
hx
f x
X Échantillon de fond
b
X
Légende
X Points d’échantillonnage Échantillon de sortie
Figure 1 - Exemples de niveaux d’échantillonnage
3.9.5 taille de I%chantillon : Nombre d’échantillons à préle-
3.9 Termes statistiques
ver d’un lot pour déterminer son acceptabilité en fonction du
programme d’échantillonnage.
3.9.1 niveau acceptable de qualité (NAQ) : La plus forte
teneur en défauts (ou le nombre maximum de défauts par cent
unités) qui, à l’inspection d’échantillons, constitue une
3.10 creux : Dans le cadre de la présente Norme internatio-
moyenne admissible.
nale, capacité dans un receveur ou récipient, non occupée par
le liquide, exprimée en volume.
3.9.2 lot : Ensemble d’emballages contenant un produit de
type et de composition uniques et d’un lot de fabrication uni-
que ou d’une livraison unique.
3.11 Eau
3.11.1 eau dissoute : Eau contenue en solution dans le pro-
3.9.3 emballage : Type quelconque de récipient, tel qu’un
duit pétrolier à la température ambiante.
fût, un baril, une canette, un bidon ou une bouteille.
3.9.4 pourcent de rebut : Cent fois le nombre d’unités
3.11.2 eau en suspension : Eau présente dans le produit
défectueuses du produit contenues dans une quelconque
pétrolier sous forme de petites gouttelettes finement disper-
quantité d’unités du produit, divisé par le nombre total d’unités
sées.
du produit, c’est-à-dire :
À terme, ces gouttelettes peuvent se rassembler en eau libre
NOTE -
nombre de défauts
ou former de l’eau dissoute, selon les conditions de température et de
Pourcent de rebut = x 100
pression du produit.
nombre d’unités contrôlées
ISO3170:1988(F)
3.11.3 eau libre : Eau formant une couche distincte du pro- males susceptibles d’être exercées, ou munis d’une soupape de
duit p&rolier et se trouvant sous celui-ci de facon caractéris- réduction de pression, et suffisamment robustes pour suppor-
ter les fausses manoeuvres éventuelles. Leur état de propreté
tique.
doit être contrôlé avant usage.
3.11.4 eau totale : Somme des eaux libres, dissoutes et en
NOTE
- Les points 5.2 à 5.7 décrivent, en termes généraux, divers
suspension se trouvant dans une cargaison ou un lot de produit
appareils d’échantillonnage, en traitant les points essentiels. L’absence
pétrolier.
de spécifications détaillées s’explique par la possibilité d’utiliser tout
appareil adapté dans la catégorie décrite.
4 Principes
5.2 Échantillonneur de réservoir
4.1 Afin de s’assurer que les échantillons soumis à examen
sont aussi représentatifs que possible du produit pétrolier con-
5.2.1 Généralités
sidéré, on doit observer les précautions données ci-après. Elles
dépendent des caractéristiques du liquide, du réservoir, du réci-
Les échantillonneurs de réservoir sont classés selon l’echantil-
pient ou de la canalisation dont est issu l’échantillon et de la
Ion à prélever :
nature des essais à effectuer sur l’échantillon.
-
échantillon ponctuel;
4.2 Commencer l’échantillonnage lorsque le contenu du
- échantillon de fond;
réservoir est au repos. On prélève généralement les échantillons
suivants pour analyse :
- échantillon de dépôts/résidus de réservoir;
a) soit des échantillons haut, milieu et bas;
-
échantillon aller-retour;
b) soit des échantillons haut, milieu et au niveau de souti-
-
échantillons tous niveaux.
rage.
Les cordes, câbles ou chaînes permettant de plonger et remon-
Si les essais d’échantillons révèlent que le contenu du réservoir
ter les appareils dans le réservoir doivent être en une matière
est homogène, ils peuvent être combinés en proportions égales
non productrice d’étincelles.
pour d’autres essais.
NOTE - La corde doit être suffisamment conductrice pour ne pas pro-
Si les essais d’echantillons revèlent que le contenu du réservoir
duire d’électricité statique.
n’est pas homogène, il est nécessaire de prélever des échantil-
. Ions à plus de trois niveaux différents et de préparer un échan-
tillon composite pour analyse, ou bien, si le mélange est sus- 5.2.2 Échantillonneur ponctuel
ceptible de nuire à l’intégrité de l’échantillon, d’analyser séparé-
ment chaque échantillon et de calculer la composition corres-
Cet appareil doit permettre de prélever un échantillon à tout
pondant à l’échantillon composite. Pour ce calcul, on doit tenir niveau spécifié du réservoir. On retiendra les appareils suivants.
compte de la proportion de produit pétrolier que chaque échan-
tillon représente.
5.2.2.1 Panier lesté pour bouteille d’échantillonnage
Autres méthodes :
ce doit être un étui ou un porte-récipient en métal ou en
matière plastique, construit de façon à maintenir le récipient
c) échantillon aller-retour, ou
approprié. L’appareil combiné doit être tel qu’il puisse s’enfon-
cer spontanément dans la matière à échantillonner et il doit être
d) échantillon tous niveaux.
conçu pour pouvoir être rempli à n’importe quel niveau désiré
(voir figure 2).
4.3 Pour prélever un échantillon représentatif dans un lot de
matière non homogène, en cours de pompage dans une canali- Des bouteilles de dimensions spéciales sont nécessaires pour
sation, on doit recourir à un dispositif automatique d’échantil- s’adapter au support. Pour les produits raffinés volatils, on pré-
lonnage, comme l’indique I’ISO 3171. II peut s’avérer néces-
fère généralement utiliser une bouteille et son support plutôt
saire de faire des prélèvements manuels. II s’agit alors d’échan- qu’une bouteille lestée, car on risque de perdre les fractions
tillons ponctuels n’étant pas nécessairement représentatifs de légères quand on transvase l’échantillon d’une bouteille lestée
la masse dont ils sont issus. dans un autre récipient.
NOTE - On peut se passer de panier si la bouteille d’échantillonnage
est correctement arrimée à une corde lestée. Le bouchon y est attaché
5 Appareils
à environ 150 mm du col de la bouteille.
5.1 Gbn6ralités
5.2.2.2 Bidon lesté (voir figure 3)
Tous les appareils d’échantillonnage doivent être conçus de
II doit être tel qu’il plonge spontanément dans le produit pétro-
façon à assurer la fonction qui est la leur, pour conserver les
caractéristiques initiales du produit pétrolier. Ils doivent être lier à échantillonner. Si on l’utilise pour prélever des échantil-
suffisamment solides pour résister aux pressions internes nor- Ions haut, milieu, bas et au niveau de soutirage, le dispositif de

ISO3170:1988(F)
descente doit être relié au bidon de sorte que le bouchon Certains bidons lestés sont pourvus de mecanismes particu-
a
s’ouvre d’une forte secousse. Si on l’utilise comme échantillon- liers, équipés par exemple de clapets ouverts ou fermés au
niveau voulu, par un poids glissant le long du câble de suspen-
neur aller-retour, on doit utiliser le bouchon spécial que montre
la figure 4. Afin que le nettoyage du bidon ne présente pas de sion ou de vannes à ailettes ou à clapets, qui se ferment lors de
difficulté, le lest doit lui être fixé de façon à ne pas venir au con- la remontée.
tact de l’échantillon.
Pivot
pour maintenir tout
type de bouteille)
- Exemples de paniers lestés pour bouteilles d’échantillonnage
Figure 2
ISO3170:1988(F)
Longue chaîne en matériau ne
produisant pas d’étincelles ou
corde solidaire pour permettre
le remplissage à n’importe quel
niveau désiré.
Capuchon conique fermant
hermétiquement
+--Poignée en fil
-Joint brasé ou soudé
l-
Patte en fil
\ Patte brasée ou soudée
~Feuille de plomb
Matériaux : laiton, cuivre
ou acier inoxydable
Lest en plomb extérieur
Figure 3 - Exemples de bidons lestés pour échantillonnage
ISO3170:1988(F)
Bouchon à vis avec ouverture
Bouchon en liège percé
NOTE - Le diamètre de l’ouverture est fonction de la viscosité du liquide, de sa hauteur et des dimensions du récipient.
Figure 4 - Dispositifs de remplissage pour échantillonneur aller-retour
5.2.2.3 Échantillonneur d’interface 5.2.3 Échantillonneur de fond
Tube en verre, en métal ou en matiere plastique, ouvert aux II s’agit d’un récipient que l’on peut faire descendre au fond
d’un réservoir où une vanne, ou tout autre dispositif de ferme-
deux extrémités pour permettre un écoulement libre de liquide
pendant la descente dans le liquide. La fermeture de l’extrémité ture, s’ouvre en touchant le fond du réservoir et se referme à la
remontée (voir figure 6).
inférieure au niveau souhaité s’obtient de plusieurs façons :
a) par un mécanisme de fermeture entrant en action par
un mouvement ascendant de I’échantillonneur;
b) par un poids glissant le long du câble de soutien, agis- 5.2.4 Échantillonneur de résidus et de dépôts
sant sur le mécanisme de fermeture.
5.2.4.1 Crapaud d’échantillonnage
Un échantillonneur d’interface peut être utilisé pour prélever un
échantillon ponctuel à un niveau donné ou un échantillon de
Cet échantillonneur se compose d’un bâti à parois rigides en lai-
fond, dans le but de déceler la présence d’impuretés.
ton, doté d’un mécanisme préhenseur. La partie inférieure du
bâti comporte deux mâchoires à ressort, dont le mécanisme est
II doit être conçu de maniere que, s’il est descendu lentement, il
puisse servir a emprisonner, sans fuite possible au cours de la mû par un poids glissant. Deux tôles légères couvrent le som-
met du crapaud, afin d’éviter que l’échantillon ne soit chassé
remontée, une colonne verticale de liquide au fond du réservoir
ou a tout autre niveau (voir figure 5). lors de la remontée de I’échantillonneur (voir figure 7).
. 7
Poids pour le déclenchement
du mécanisme de fermeture
c
Exemple d’échantillonneur d’interface
Figure 5 -
60 3170 : 1988 (FI
.i
e
c
E
a¶
w
I
_ -- --_-. -- -.
.---- - -p - -
ISO 3170 : 1988 (FI
Butée du culbuteur
Thermomètre -
Tige de suspension -
Figure 7 - Échantillonneur de dépôt
5.2.4.2 Tube échantillonneur par gravitation ou à pilon
Corps cylindrique de diamètre constant, lesté ou équipé d’une
commande d’entraînement mécanique, destiné à pénétrer la
couche de dépôt à échantillonner.
5.2.5 Échantillonneur aller-retour
Bague moletée pour le
Récipient lesté ou inclus dans un support lesté, doté d’un dis-
blocage du support de
positif de remplissage sélectif (voir figure 4) et concu pour pré-
lever un échantillon lors de la descente et de la remontée dans
Trous de remplissage
le produit pétrolier (voir figures 2 et 3). II n’est pas établi que ces
dans le support de ba
dispositifs se remplissent uniformément.
Ligne de contact
5.2.6 Dispositifs d’échantillonnage tous niveaux
NOTE - Les trous de remplissage sont fermés par le support
venant en contact avec le fond du réservoir.
Dispositifs pourvus d’ouvertures d’admission de liquide et
d’échappement de gaz, concus pour le prélèvement d’échantil-
lons lors de la descente et de la remontée dans le produit pétro-
Figure 8 -
lier. II n’est pas établi que ces dispositifs se remplissent unifor- Exemple de dispositif d’échantillonnage
mément. Un exemple est représenté à la figure 8. tous niveaux
ISO 3170 : 1988 (FI
5.3 Fûts et bouteilles d’échantillonnage
5.2.7 Sas
On utilise généralement un tube échantillonneur (voir
II sert à prélever des échantillons dans des réservoirs sous pres-
figure 10). C’est un tube en verre, en métal ou en matière plasti-
sion, en particulier ceux qui sont équipés de systèmes à gaz
que, pourvu le cas échéant de poignées facilitant son manie-
inerte. II peut se composer d’une enceinte étanche aux gaz, pla-
ment et qu’on peut introduire à la profondeur désirée dans un
cée au sommet d’un raccord de toit à soupape, comme le mon-
fût, un bidon ou un camion-citerne. Il peut servir à prélever un
tre la figure 9. Un récipient pour échantillon placé dans un sup-
échantillon ponctuel à un niveau donné ou un échantillon de
port, ou la sonde spéciale représentée à la figure 9, peut être
fond, afin de déceler la présence d’impuretés. Un tube échantil-
attaché au dispositif d’abaissement, après avoir été introduit
lonneur doté d’un mécanisme de fermeture à son extrémité
par un hublot étanche au gaz. Le hublot est ensuite fermé, la
inférieure peut servir à prélever un échantillon représentatif
soupape du toit ouverte et le récipient pour échantillon ou
d’une coupe verticale du liquide.
échantillonneur abaissé jusqu’à la profondeur voulue du produit
avant le remplissage. La soupape est fermée, l’échantillonneur
On peut également utiliser un petit panier lesté, une pompe ou
étant en position haute, avant que ce dernier soit retiré par le
une installation de siphonnage.
hublot.
Figure 9 - Exemple de sas Figure 10 - Exemple de tube échantillonneur
ISO 3170 : 1988 (F)
6 Dispositions de sécurité
5.4 Échantillonneur de ligne
5.4.1 En cas de besoin d’un échantillonneur de ligne automa-
6.1 Généralités
tique, se reporter à I’ISO 3171.
6.1.1 Les dispositions de sécurité données ci-après s’appli-
5.4.2 Un échantillonneur manuel se compose d’une sonde
quent généralement et constituent le bon usage, mais la liste
adaptée, pourvue d’un robinet d’isolement. La sonde doit
n’est pas nécessairement exhaustive. On doit lire cette liste en
pénétrer dans la canalisation de sorte que le point d’échantillon-
la rapprochant des réglements nationaux de sécurité appropriés
nage soit distant de la cloison de la canalisation d’au moins un
ou d’un code reconnu dans l’industrie du pétrole. Les précau-
quart du diamètre intérieur. Le conduit d’alimentation doit être
tions données ci-après doivent être prises chaque fois qu’elles
suffisamment long pour toucher le fond du récipient d’échantil-
ne sont pas en opposition avec les règlements locaux ou autres,
lonnage et permettre un remplissage par immersion.
auxquels on doit se soumettre dans tous les cas.
5.5 Récipients
La nature et les dangers connus de la matière à échantillonner
doivent être pris soigneusement en considération, car ils auront
Les récipients pour échantillons doivent être des bouteilles en
une influence sur la nature détaillée des précautions à observer.
verre ou en matiére plastique, des bouteilles à couvercle métalli-
que ou des bidons, selon la matière à échantillonner. La taille de
6.1.2 Le personnel doit être averti des dangers potentiels et
ces récipients varie généralement entre 0,25 L et 5 L, mais on
recevoir des consignes de sécurité appropriées.
peut avoir besoin de récipients plus grands, lorsque des essais
particuliers, des regroupements ou divisions d’échantillons
l’exigent. On ne doit pas utiliser de récipients en matière plasti- 6.1.3 II importe d’observer rigou reusement tous les règle-
que pour conserver les échantillons; il se peut en effet que ments relatifs à la pénétration dangereuses.
dans des zones
ceux-ci ne conservent pas l’intégrité de l’échantillon, compte
tenu du phénomène de diffusion. En outre, l’usage de réci-
6.1.4 On doit éviter de respirer des vapeurs de produit pétro-
pients en polyéthyléne non linéaire conduirait à la contamina-
lier pendant les opérations d’échantillonnage. Le port de gants
tion de l’échantillon et/ou à la détérioration du récipient.
de protection d’une matière insoluble aux hydrocarbures est
obligatoire, de même que le port de lunettes ou de masques de
protection, lorsqu’il existe des risques d’éclaboussures.
. Fermeture des récipients
D’autres précautions peuvent s’avérer nécessaires, lors de la
manipulation de bruts corrosifs.
Les bouteilles à échantillons doivent être fermées à l’aide de
bouchons en liège, en verre dépoli, en matière plastique ou de
capsules métalliques à vis. On n’utilisera pas de bouchon en
6.1.5 Lors de la manipulation de carburants contenant du
caoutchouc. Les bouchons en liége doivent être de bonne qua-
plomb, on doit scrupuleusement observer les règlements de
lité et exempts de débris ou de poussiére. Ils doivent être ramol-
sécurité.
lis par roulement ou compression et introduits fermement dans
le goulot de la bouteille, afin d’éviter toute fuite ou évaporation.
On utilisera le cas échéant une capsule de protection, faite dans
6.2 Conditions de sécurité sur les équipements
un matériau adapté. On ne doit pas utiliser de bouchons en
liége avec des liquides volatils, la vapeur pouvant pénétrer à
6.2.1 Les récipients utilisés doivent présenter des caractéristi-
l’intérieur du bouchon et contaminer les échantillons suivants.
ques mécaniques conformes aux normes nationales et interna-
On doit utiliser des bouchons étanches a la vapeur inerte.
tionales applicables.
On ne doit pas réutiliser les bouchons entre différents types de
Les essais de pression et autres caractéristiques doivent être
produits, car leur nettoyage approfondi est délicat et la pénétra-
effectués conformément aux règlements du pays, par un res-
tion d’hydrocarbures dans le bouchon peut contaminer les
ponsable qui doit faire figurer les résultats dans un compte
échantillons ultérieurs. On ne doit réutiliser les bouchons que si
rendu. Les opérations de nettoyage et de prévention de fuite
l’on est en présence d’un seul type de produit.
doivent avoir lieu régulièrement.
Les capsules à vis des bidons ou des bouteilles doivent être
dotées de joints en liége ou tout autre matiere résistante au pro-
6.2.2 Les câbles servant à descendre le matériel d’échantillon-
duit pétrolier. Le joint, utilisé une fois seulement, doit être ôté
nage doivent être électriquement conducteurs. Les fibres
avant le nettoyage de la capsule et être remplacé.
synthétiques seules sont à exclure. On leur préfèrera des fibres
végétales, telles que la manille et le sisal.
5.7 Dispositif de réfrigération des échantillons
6.2.3 Le matériel d’échantillonnage métallique portable utilisé
C’est un serpentin réfrigérant composé d’un tube en cuivre
en milieu inflammable doit être d’un matériau anti-étincelle.
sans soudure ou tout autre métal adapté, d’un diamètre inté-
rieur de 6 à 10 mm, fixé dans un récipient portable ouvert, où il
6.2.4 Les person nes procédant à l’échantillonnage doivent
est immergé dans un melange d’eau et de glaçons.
pouvoir porter leur matériel en gardant au moins une main libre.
L’entrée du tube doit être munie d’une collerette ou autre dis-
6.2.5 Les lampes et les torches doivent conven ir aux caracté-
positif de raccordement au robinet d’échantillonnage. L’orifice
de sortie doit être libre. ristiques électriques de la zone d ‘intervention.
ISO3170:1988(F)
6.2.6 Le port de vêtement et d’équipement de protection con- b) le toit n’est pas entiérement flottant;
tre tous les dangers connus associés aux matériaux devant être
le dispositif d’étanchéité s’avère défectueux.
cl
échantillonnés est obligatoire.
6.4 Électricité statique
6.2.7 Si la pression de vapeur Reid WR) du produit a echan-
tillonner est comprise entre 100 kPa (1,O bar) et 180 kPa
6.4.1 On doit prendre les précautions suivantes pour éviter les
(1,8 bar), les bouteilles d’échantillonnage doivent être prote-
risques liés à la présence d’électricité statique, lors de I’échantil-
gées par une enveloppe métallique, jusqu’à leur vidage.
lonnage de réservoirs contenant des hydrocarbures inflamma-
Au-delà d’une TVR de 180 kPa (1,8 bar), seuls des bidons
bles, stockés à une température dépassant leur point d’éclair,
m&alliques d’échantillonnage construits pour resister auxdites
ou dans lesquels une atmosphère inflammable de vapeur ou de
pressions doivent être utilisés. (Voir également 1.2.)
brouillard d’hydrocarbures s’est formée.
6.2.6 On doit éviter tout échauffement des échantillons vola-
6.4.2 Le contenu des réservoirs de stockage des camions-
tils dans les récipients étanches.
citernes, des wagons-citernes, des bateaux ou chalands ne doit
pas être échantillonné pendant le remplissage, notamment
6.3 Sécurité aux points de prélèvement
lorsqu’il s’agit de produits raffinés volatils, susceptibles
d’engendrer des mélanges de gaz pétrolier et d’air dans le creux
du réservoir.
6.3.1 Les points de prélèvement doivent permettre un échan-
tillonnage en toute sécurité. Tous les dangers liés à I’échantil-
lonnage doivent être clairement signalés et l’utilisation d’un 6.4.3 Lors de l’échantillonnage; la ligne d’échantillonnage
manomètre est recommandée. doit être constamment reliée à la terre, afin d’éviter la formation
d’étincelles, soit par une mise à la terre directe, soit par un con-
tact efficace avec le panneau d’accès.
6.3.2 Le point d’échantillonnage et le matériel doivent être
correctement entretenus et faire l’objet d’une inspection regu-
lière par une personne compétente, qui établit un compte
6.4.4 Lorsque des produits blancs raffinés volatils compre-
rendu.
nant du carburéacteur et du gasole ont été stockés à une tem-
pérature égale ou supérieure à leur point d’éclair, ou bien ont
été introduits dans des réservoirs non exempts de gaz, il est
6.3.3 L’accès au point de prélèvement doit être sûr, son éclai-
imperatif de prévoir une période de stabilisation de 30 min
rage approprié. Les échelles d’accès, les escaliers, les plates-
après le transfert ou le chargement dans chaque réservoir ou
formes et les mains courantes doivent rester en bon état et faire
récipient, avant d’introduire un quelconque matériel d’échantil-
l’objet d’une inspection régulière par une personne compé-
lonnage conducteur.
tente.
des conditions suivantes est remplie,
Toutefois, si l’une
6.3.4 Les points de prélèvement devront être pourvus de
l’échantillonnage peu t avoir lieu, avant l’expiration du délai pré-
systèmes d’égoûts appropriés et garantissant toute sécurité
cité de 30 min :
pour répondre aux nécessités d’élimination des écoulements.
a) dans le cas d’un toit flottant, l’échantillonnage s’effec-
tue à partir d’un tube crépiné;
6.3.5 Une personne compétente doit être avertie sans délai de
tout débordement ou défaut du matériel.
b) dans le cas d’un toit fixe, le réservoir est équipé d’un
écran flottant relié à la terre;
6.3.6 Des mesures doivent être prises pour éviter de respirer
c) le produit contient assez d’additifs de dissipation stati-
des vapeurs de produit pétrolier pendant les prelevements.
que pour assurer une conductivité globale supérieure à
50 pS/m et en l’absence de brume ou d’aérosol dans le
creux du réservoir (voir note en 6.4.8).
6.3.7 Pour les réservoirs à toit flottant, l’échantillonnage doit
être effectué depuis la plate-forme du haut, chaque fois que
NOTE - Les additifs de dissipation statique peuvent accroître la con-
c’est possible, car des vapeurs inflammables et toxiques peu-
ductivité des hydrocarbures liquides à un niveau suffisant pour éviter
vent s’accumuler au-dessus du toit. Lorsqu’il est nécessaire de
l’accumulation de charges électrostatiques; une conductivité globale
descendre sur le toit pour échantillonner, au moins deux per-
de 50 pS/m est admissible. Le temps de repos d’une charge liée au
sonnes, munies d’appareils respiratoires autonomes, doivent
corps d’un liquide est si court à ce niveau de conductivité, que la
être présentes, sauf s’il est prouvé que l’atmosphère au-dessus
charge est dissipée au fur et à mesure qu’elle se forme. Il s’ensuit que le
du toit est sûre. La seconde (ou les autres) personne(s) doit res-
jaugeage et l’échantillonnage peuvent être effectués sans délai ou
ter en haut de l’escalier, d’où elle peut distinctement observer même au cours du remplissage, dans la mesure où aucune brume ou
aérosol ne se forme dans le creux du réservoir. Des gouttelettes char-
I’échantillonneur évoluant sur le toit. L’échantillonneur doit
gées peuvent exister dans les brumes ou aérosols et produire une accu-
descendre sur le toit, prélever les échantillons requis et remon-
mulation d’électricité statique, même en présence d’additifs de dissipa-
ter en haut de l’escalier le plus vite possible.
tion statique dans le produit liquide.
Les principales conditions susceptibles de rendre dangereuse
l’atmosphère au-dessus du toit sont les suivantes : 6.4.5 Des chaussures susceptibles de provoquer des étincel-
les ne doivent pas être portées dans les zones où des vapeurs
a) le produit contient du sulfure d’hydrogène et des mer- inflammables sont probables. Des bottes en caoutchouc ne
captans volatils; sont pas recommandées dans les zones sèches.
ISO3170:1988(F)
6.4.6 Les vêtements doivent être en coton, en lin ou en laine 7.2.1.5 Laisser au moins 10 % de creux dans le récipient pour
être évité
et l’emploi de fibres synthétiques doit permettre l’expansion. II n’est pas recommandé de recourir à la
décantation pour obtenir les 10 % de creux, parce que cette
pratique détruit la représentativité de l’échantillon, notamment
6.4.7 L’échantillonnage ne doit pas être effectué pendant les
en présence d’eau libre ou d’une couche d’émulsion.
de tonnerre ou de grêle.
orages accompagnés de foudre,
Si des échantillons ponctuels sont prélevés d’une citerne, une
6.4.8 Afin de mettre à la terre toutes les charges statiques de
partie de l’échantillon doit être enlevée, et ceci doit être fait
son corps, l’opérateur doit toucher une partie de la structure du
sitôt que I’échantillonneur est retire de la citerne.
réservoir, à au moins un mètre de toute ouverture, immédiate-
ment avant d’effectuer toute opération d’échantillonnage.
7.2.1.6 Immediatement après le
remplissage et la fermeture
du récipient, rechercher les fuites éventuelles.
7 Modes opératoires
7.2.1.7 Si les grandes quantités d’échantillons requises ne
7.1 Introduction
peuvent, de par leur volatilite ou d’autres raisons, être obtenues
par le mélange de quantités plus petites, bien mélanger le con-
Cet article decrit les modes opératoires généraux applicables à
tenu du réservoir avec les moyens disponibles (par exemple, cir-
l’échantillonnage de produit pétrolier homogéne, et l’article 8,
culation, homogénéisateur latéral). Contrôler l’homogénéité
les modes complémentaires, applicables à l’échantillonnage de
par des essais sur des échantillons prélevés à des niveaux suffi-
produit pétrolier brut ou de produit pétrolier non homogéne.
samment différents (voir 4.2 et 8.2.1). On doit remplir le réci-
pient en prélevant l’échantillon à un niveau proche du fond, par
contraire, on doit prélever plusieu rs échantil-
Sauf indication
des robinets latéraux, un purgeur de pompe de circulation, ou
Ions ponctuels, en se reférant au mode opératoire applicable.
par siphonnage.
7.2 Précautions
7.2.2 Échantillons destines à une analyse particube
7.2.1 Gbbralitbs
Si les échantillons doivent servir à déterminer la présence
7.2.1.1 Un échantillon ne doit pas inclure d’autre matiere que d’oligoéléments tels que le plomb, la méthode d’essai peut
celle à échantillonner. S’il est nécessaire de transvaser un recommander l’utilisation de récipients spéciaux d’échantillon-
échantillon d’un échantillonneur dans un récipient, prendre les nage. Prélever ces échantillons directement dans les récipients
mesures qui s’imposent pour préserver l’intégrité de I’échantil- prévus à cet effet; les accessoires et la corde d’échantillonnage
Ion. utilisés ne doivent en aucun cas contaminer l’échantillon.
les
NOTE - Le transvasement d’un échantillon produit généralement Si les essais auxquels l’échantillon est destiné font l’objet de
suivants :
effets
spécifications particuliéres, concernant notamment la corro-
.
sion à la lame de cuivre ou d’argent, recueillir l’échantillon dans
une perte des fractions Iégéres (affectant la masse volumique
a)
du verre de couleur foncée et le préserver de la lumière avant
et la pression de vapeur);
l’essai. Toute autre méthode de prélèvement peut affecter les
une modification des proportio
...