ISO 19156:2023
(Main)Geographic information — Observations, measurements and samples
Geographic information — Observations, measurements and samples
This document defines a conceptual schema for observations, for features involved in the observation process, and for features involved in sampling when making observations. These provide models for the exchange of information describing observation acts and their results, both within and between different scientific and technical communities. Observations commonly involve sampling of an ultimate feature-of-interest. This document defines a common set of sample types according to their spatial, material (for ex situ observations) or statistical nature. The schema includes relationships between sample features (sub-sampling, derived samples). This document concerns only externally visible interfaces and places no restriction on the underlying implementations other than what is needed to satisfy the interface specifications in the actual situation.
Information géographique — Observations, mesures et échantillons
Le présent document définit un schéma conceptuel pour les observations, pour les entités impliquées dans le processus d'observation et pour les entités impliquées dans l'échantillonnage des données dans le cadre des observations. Celles-ci fournissent des modèles destinés à l'échange d'informations décrivant les faits observés et leurs résultats, aussi bien entre les différentes communautés scientifiques et techniques qu'en leur sein. En général, les observations impliquent l'échantillonnage d'une entité concernée finale. Le présent document définit un ensemble commun de types d'échantillons en fonction de leur nature spatiale matérielle (pour les observations ex-situ) ou statistique. Ce schéma comprend les relations entre les entités d'échantillonnage (sous-échantillonnage, échantillons dérivés). Le présent document ne concerne que les interfaces visibles de l'extérieur et ne place aucune restriction quant aux implémentations sous-jacentes, autres que celles nécessaires pour satisfaire aux spécifications relatives aux interfaces dans le contexte actuel.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19156
Second edition
2023-04
Geographic information —
Observations, measurements and
samples
Information géographique — Observations, mesures et échantillons
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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Contents Page
Foreword .ix
Introduction .x
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Document conventions .5
4.1 Abbreviated terms and acronyms . 5
4.2 Schema language . 5
4.3 Model element names . 6
4.4 Requirements and recommendations . 6
4.5 Requirements classes . 7
4.6 Conformance classes . 7
4.7 Identifiers . 8
4.8 Associations in UML context diagrams . 8
5 Conformance . 8
5.1 Overview . 8
5.2 Conformance classes . 9
6 Packaging, requirements and dependencies.11
6.1 Requirements . 11
6.2 UML .12
6.2.1 UML package structure .12
6.2.2 UML package dependencies .12
6.3 Note on the use of "Any" . 14
7 Fundamental characteristics of observations and samples (informative) .14
7.1 Observation schema . . . 14
7.1.1 Property evaluation . 14
7.1.2 Observation .15
7.1.3 Properties of an Observation . 15
7.1.4 Observation location . 16
7.1.5 Result types . 16
7.1.6 Use of the observation model . 16
7.2 Sample schema . 17
7.2.1 Role of sample features . 17
7.2.2 Proximate vs. ultimate feature-of-interest . 17
7.2.3 Role of samples. 18
7.2.4 Sampling process . 18
7.2.5 Classification of samples . 19
7.3 Alignment between Observation, Sample and domain models. 19
7.3.1 Model consistency . 19
7.3.2 Relationship between Sample and domain features .22
8 Conceptual Observation schema.25
8.1 General . 25
8.1.1 Conceptual Observation model . 25
8.1.2 Conceptual Observation schema package Requirements Class .26
8.1.3 Association relatedObservation . 26
8.2 Observation . 27
8.2.1 Observation Requirements Class . 27
8.2.2 Interface Observation . 27
8.2.3 Attribute phenomenonTime .28
8.2.4 Attribute resultTime.28
8.2.5 Attribute validTime .28
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8.2.6 Association featureOfInterest .29
8.2.7 Association observedProperty .29
8.2.8 Association result .29
8.2.9 Association observingProcedure .30
8.2.10 Association observer .30
8.2.11 Association host .30
8.2.12 Constraint Observer or Host .30
8.2.13 Constraint ObservableProperty characteristic associated with
featureOfInterest .30
8.2.14 Constraint suitable ObservableProperty .30
8.2.15 Constraint suitable result type.30
8.2.16 Constraint unit of measure . 31
8.3 ObservableProperty . 31
8.3.1 ObservableProperty Requirements Class . 31
8.3.2 Interface ObservableProperty . 31
8.3.3 Association observer . 32
8.4 Procedure . 32
8.4.1 Procedure Requirements Class . 32
8.4.2 Interface Procedure . 32
8.5 ObservingProcedure . 32
8.5.1 ObservingProcedure Requirements Class . 32
8.5.2 Interface ObservingProcedure . 32
8.5.3 Association observer .33
8.6 Observer . 33
8.6.1 Observer Requirements Class . 33
8.6.2 Interface Observer .33
8.6.3 Association obser
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