ISO 3454:2008

Hydrometry — Direct depth sounding and suspension equipment

ISO 3454:2008 specifies the functional requirements of the equipment, excluding bankside cableway systems, used in the measurement of liquid flow in open channels for sounding (by direct method), and suspending the measuring equipment (for example, current-meter or sediment sampler) at the point of measurement.

Hydrométrie — Matériel de sondage et de suspension pour le mesurage direct de la profondeur

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Apr-2008
• ICS: 17.120.20 - Flow in open channels
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 113/SC 5 - Instruments, equipment and data management
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 113/SC 5 - Instruments, equipment and data management
• Current Stage: 9060 - Close of review
• Start Date: 03-Jun-2028

Relations

• Revises: ISO 3454:1983 - Liquid flow measurement in open channels — Direct depth sounding and suspension equipment
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2008
• Consolidated By: ISO 11810:2015 - Lasers and laser-related equipment — Test method and classification for the laser resistance of surgical drapes and/or patient protective covers — Primary ignition, penetration, flame spread and secondary ignition
• Effective Date: 06-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3454
Third edition
2008-04-15
Hydrometry — Direct depth sounding and
suspension equipment
Hydrométrie — Matériel de sondage et de suspension pour le mesurage
direct de la profondeur

Reference number
ISO 3454:2008(E)
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ISO 3454:2008(E)
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ISO 3454:2008(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Sounding equipment . 1
5 Suspension equipment . 2
6 Performance requirements . 3
Annex A (informative) Selection of sounding (sinker) weight . 6
Annex B (informative) Corrections for length of sounding line when measuring depth with the line not
normal to the surface . 7
Bibliography . 8
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ISO 3454:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3454 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 113, Hydrometry, Subcommittee SC 5, Instruments,
equipment and data management.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3454:1983), which has been technically revised.
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ISO 3454:2008(E)
Introduction
The choice of suspension and sounding equipment depends on the depth of flow, the velocity of the current and
the method of discharge measurement (by wading, from a boat, from a manned cableway or from a bridge).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3454:2008(E)
Hydrometry — Direct depth sounding and suspension
equipment
1Scope
This International Standard specifies the functional requirements of the equipment, excluding bankside
cableway systems, used in the measurement of liquid flow in open channels for
a) sounding (by direct method), and
b) suspending the measuring equipment (for example, current-meter or sediment sampler) at the point of
measurement.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 772, Hydrometry — Vocabulary and symbols
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 772 apply.
4 Sounding equipment
4.1 General
To obtain the correct vertical depth of water from surface to bed, either a sounding-rod or a sounding line is used
depending on the velocity and depth of flow. The sounding rod can also be a wading rod. For measurements by
either sounding rod or wading rod, the rod shall be held in a vertical position. For measurements by sounding
line, appropriate weights shall be attached to keep it as close as practicable to vertical. Sounding equipment
can also be employed as suspension equipment. Requirements for the deployment of suspension equipment,
as described in Clause 5, also apply to sounding equipment.
4.2 Sounding rod, wading rod and sounding line
A sounding rod is a graduated rigid rod with a base plate; it is used for measurement of depths up to 5m to 6m
in medium velocities (up to 2 m/s). For smaller depths and velocities, a wading rod is used; for greater depths, a
sounding line is used.
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ISO 3454:2008(E)
5 Suspension equipment
5.1 Basic requirements
The basic requirements for making observations in flowing water with the help of meter-suspension equipment
are as follows.
a) Measuring equipment shall be placed at the point of measurement in such a way that it does not cause
appreciable disturbances, irrespective of the depth of water and velocity of flow.
b) Supporting devices, such as cableways, bridges and boats or wading rods, shall be appropriate to the
measuring equipment suspended from them and capable of supporting the safe working load of the
equipment with a suitable factor of safety.
c) The method of deployment shall be in accordance with local health and safety regulations.
5.2 Types of suspension
5.2.1 General
Several types of suspension equipment have been developed to suit the basic requirements in 5.1. These can
be classified into two broad categories:
a) rigid-rod suspension equipment;
b) cable suspension equipment.
5.2.2 Rigid-rod suspension equipment
5.2.2.1 General
This type of equipment has the merit that the current-meter or sediment sampler can be placed at the point of
measurement without any appreciable deflection from the vertical at which the observations are being made.
Rigid-rod suspension equipment includes:
a) hand-operated suspension equipment, such as a wading rod;
b) mechanically operated rigid-rod suspension equipment such as a rack-and-pinion arrangement.
5.2.2.2 Hand-held suspension equipment
Hand-held suspension equipment is simple to operate, can be manufactured from local resources, and can be
used in water of depths up to approximately 3m and velocities of 2 m/s. In the case of wading rods, the limits for
the depth and velocity are approximately and , respectively.
1m 1 m/s
5.2.2.3 Mechanically operated suspension equipment
Mechanically operated rigid-rod equipment is preferable because of the accuracy with which the instrument can
be placed at the point of measurement, but it is heavier and requires very careful installation with suitable
stabilizing counter-weights. This type of equipment can be used in water of depths up to approximately 6m and
velocities up to approximately 3 m/s. Limitations on the use of the equipment shall be clearly established and
attached to the equipment so that safe working limits are not exceeded. Special care is needed in the presence
of overhead power cables.
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ISO 3454:2008(E)
5.2.3 Cable suspension equipment
Cable suspension equipment is generally used in measurement of deep streams where rigid-rod suspension
equipment cannot be used. Cableway systems for stream gauging are specified in ISO 4375.
Depending on the depth and velocity encountered, suitable weights are attached to the cable suspension to
keep the cable as vertical as possible. Guidance on the selection of sounding weights is given in Annex A. If,
with the maximum permissible sinker attached, the current-meter and weight are carried downstream, the
measured depth will be greater than the true depth and will therefore require correction. In such situations
where large vertical angles are induced, two separate corrections are required. These corrections are an “air-
line” correction for that part of the cable which is between the point of suspension and the surface of water, and
a “wet-line” correction for that portion of the cable which is in the water (see Annex B). To prevent large vertical
angles, it may be necessary to use weights of several hundred kilograms to keep the cable as vertical as
possible. Hand-operated or power-driven gauging-reels and cranes should handle such weights with an
appropriate safe working load.
Cable suspension equipment includes:
a) hand-line suspension;
b) crane and gauging reel.
A hand-line suspension is operated by hand, is simple in design, and can be manufactured from local
resources. Its
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