ISO/DIS 23405

Tourism and related services -- Sustainable tourism -- Principles, terminology and Model

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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 23405
ISO/TC 228 Secretariat: UNE
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2020-12-28 2021-03-22
Tourism and related services — Sustainable tourism —
Principles, terminology and Model
ICS: 01.040.03; 13.020.20; 03.200.01; 01.040.13
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
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ISO/DIS 23405:2020(E)
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ISO/DIS 23405:2020(E)
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© ISO 2020

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ISO/DIS 23405:2020(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3.1 Terms related to sustainability ................................................................................................................................................. 1

3.2 Terms related to the environmental dimension of sustainability ............................................................... 2

3.3 Terms related to the economic dimension of sustainability............................................................................ 3

3.4 Terms related to the social dimension of sustainability ..................................................................................... 3

3.5 Terms related to tourism destination ................................................................................................................................. 4

4 Principles of sustainable tourism ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

4.1 Manage sustainable tourism effectively ............................................................................................................................ 4

4.2 Guarantee the rights of local population .......................................................................................................................... 4

4.3 Conserve the natural environment and its biodiversity ......... ............................................................................. 4

4.4 Consider the cultural heritage and local values ......................................................................................................... 4

4.5 Stimulate the social and economic development of tourism destinations.......................................... 4

4.6 Guarantee the quality of the products, processes and attitudes .................................................................. 5

4.7 Stimulate the safety and security destinations ........................................................................................................... 5

4.8 Take legal compliance into consideration ....................................................................................................................... 5

5 Sustainable tourism model ........................................................................................................................................................................ 5

5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.2 Sustainable tourism model ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

Annex A (informative) Principles of sustainable tourism and Sustainable Development

Goals (SDG) ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9

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ISO/DIS 23405:2020(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the

World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/

iso/ foreword .html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 228/WG 13, Tourism and related services.

Sustainable tourism.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
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ISO/DIS 23405:2020(E)
Introduction

In the past 10 years sustainability has become more than a tendency for the tourism sector. Numerous

factors have been contributing to the fast growth of sustainability as a need. Accommodation

establishments, tour operators, restaurants, tourist attractions and other actors have been applying

strategies, communications processes, standards and certifications schemes. The global interest

for environmental and socio-cultural themes increases the desire of tourists to experience more

sustainable services and products.

Sustainability has been addressed in tourism, almost always under a perspective of environmental

protection, CO emissions reduction and care in the consumption of energy and water. Sometimes there

is also a concern with social issues, involving local communities or economic aspects, which basically

involve the viability of the businesses.

However, despite this increasing interest, today most of the organizations understand sustainability in

different ways. Different approaches have been adopted by the organizations and the digital platforms

help to spread all type of information about sustainable tourism.

Today it is possible to identify more than a hundred references which are private, public, international,

regional and national that naturally present many different concepts and understanding about

sustainable tourism.

Additionally, ISO/TC 228 published recently ISO 21401:2018 — Tourism and related services —

Sustainable Management system for accommodation establishment — Requirements and ISO 20611:2018

Adventure tourism — Sustainability good practices — Requirements and recommendations which contain

concepts about sustainable tourism.

In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly approved the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

and with it the Sustainable Development Goals, a framework comprising 17 goals. Tourism is an

economic powerhouse and can play a significant role in delivering sustainable solutions for people, the

planet, prosperity and peace.

Therefore, it is acknowledged that there are a lot of challenges for sustainable development but one of

them is critical. It is the recognition of the minimal principles for sustainable tourism and a definition

of a common understanding.

These principles are the basis for the sustainable development of tourism and should be taken into

account as much as possible by tourism interested parties.

Worldwide it’s recognized that tourist destinations select development models that can respond to

either supply or demand. Both of them have their attributes, and the destinations choose them according

to the interests, tastes, preferences and strategies.

Some characteristics of the demand model are spontaneous growth, emphasis on natural attractions,

and a single-minded focus on wealth generation (mostly but not limited to) by tourism businesses

accompanied by an intensive use of the resources (natural and human), large investment, quicker

return of the investment and low spillover effect. The destination is normally designed and based on

icons as attractors.

On the other hand, the supply model is characterized by controlled growth, emphasis not just in

protecting the environment, but also making the processes fully sustainable. The businesses are

concerned about profitability, but also they care about improving the quality of life in their communities.

In addition, the tourist’s experience is enhanced by high quality services throughout the visit, the

spillover effect is higher, the investment is smaller and regarding that, there is a slower return of the

investment. Finally, the destination designs products rather than attractions.

No matter which of the models is been applied, both should seek for recognition as the “archetype” of

a sustainable destination. In addition, destinations should look for the highest spillover effect so that;

the local and national economy is benefited directly, which means that a high percentage of the tourism

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spenditure remains in the surrounding communities, with a direct positive impact on improving the

quality of life of people and relieving poverty.

In summary, to motivate businesses to demonstrate their commitment, not only to the environment,

but also to sustainability in general, they should commit themselves to identify, assess, and mitigate

any negative impacts they may cause to the environment, the social fabric, and local culture,

while maintaining a high quality of service and protecting their workers. Sustainability should be

incorporated as a transversal axis in all business policies and those of the country, and innovation and

competitiveness have to be the key to maintaining leadership. Sustainable tourism should be seen as a

way of being and living, not a way of doing.

This document was prepared by TC 228/WG 13 Sustainable tourism to provide a common and sound

basis to the process of sustainable development, contributing with all interested parties and increasing

the expected potential benefits for the tourism sector.
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DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 23405:2020(E)
Tourism and related services — Sustainable tourism —
Principles, terminology and Model
1 Scope

This document specifies the fundamental concepts, principles and model of sustainable tourism, which

are applicable to private and public organizations and destinations, regardless their size and location,

including others interested parties engaged with sustainable tourism development.

2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms related to sustainability
3.1.1
sustainability

state of the global system, including environmental, social and economic aspects, in which the needs

of the present are met without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Note 1 to entry: The environmental, social and economic aspects interact, are interdependent and are often

referred to as the three dimensions of sustainability.
Note 2 to entry: Sustainability is the goal of sustainable development (3.1.2).
[SOURCE: ISO Guide 82:2014, 3.1]
3.1.2
sustainable development

organizing principle for achieving human development goals while at the same time sustaining the

ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services upon which the

economy and society depend

Note 1 to entry: The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resources are used to continue

to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system.

Note 2 to entry: Sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present

without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
3.1.3
sustainable tourism

tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts,

addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities

[SOURCE: World Tourism Organization]
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3.1.4
sustainability aspect

activities, elements, practices, products or services of organizations and other providers in the tourism

sector which can interact with the dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social and economic)

Note 1 to entry: A significant aspect of sustainability is one that has or can have a significant impact.

Note 2 to entry: Some examples of sustainability aspects are energy consumption, solid waste generation,

recyclable packaging and water consumption.
3.1.5
sustainability objective

intent to achieve global sustainability, resulting from the sustainability policy that

...