ISO 21113:2018
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for fracture toughness of monolithic ceramic thin plates at room temperature
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for fracture toughness of monolithic ceramic thin plates at room temperature
This document describes a test method for the determination of the fracture toughness of monolithic ceramic thin plates at room temperature by the single-edge precracked plate method or the single-edge V-notch plate method. This document is intended for use with monolithic ceramics and whisker- or particulate-reinforced ceramics which are regarded as macroscopically homogeneous. It does not include continuous-fibre-reinforced ceramics composites. This document is applicable to ceramic thin plates with a thickness of 0,2 mm to The single-edge V-notch plate method can be applied to monolithic ceramics with a grain size larger than about 1 μm. The use of this method is inappropriate for yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal material (Y-TZP), which consists of homogeneous fine submicron grains. The method might also be unsuitable for some other very tough or soft ceramics in which a sharp crack does not form at the root of the V-notch. This document is for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability and design data generation.
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques avancées) — Méthode d’essai pour déterminer la ténacité des plaques minces en céramique monolithique à température ambiante
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21113
First edition
2018-07
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for fracture toughness of
monolithic ceramic thin plates at
room temperature
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Méthode d’essai pour déterminer la ténacité des plaques
minces en céramique monolithique à température ambiante
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
5.1 Bend testing machine. . 2
5.2 Bend test fixture. . 2
6 Test piece dimension and preparation. 4
6.1 Shape and dimensions of test piece . 4
6.2 Test piece preparation . 5
6.3 Number of test piece . 5
7 Test methods . 5
7.1 Three or four-point bending fracture test . 5
7.2 Measurement of thickness and width of test piece . 5
7.3 Measurement of precrack length . 5
8 Evaluation of validity of measured value . 5
9 Calculation . 6
10 Test report . 7
Annex A (normative) Test piece preparation for the precracked plate method .8
Annex B (normative) Test piece preparation for the V-notch plate method .13
Annex C (normative) Measurement of precrack length and evaluation of validity of
measured value for the precracked plate method .19
Bibliography .21
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21113:2018(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for fracture toughness of
monolithic ceramic thin plates at room temperature
1 Scope
This document describes a test method for the determination of the fracture toughness of monolithic
ceramic thin plates at room temperature by the single-edge precracked plate method or the single-edge
V-notch plate method.
This document is intended for use with monolithic ceramics and whisker- or particulate-reinforced
ceramics which are regarded as macroscopically homogeneous. It does not include continuous-fibre-
reinforced ceramics composites. This document is applicable to ceramic thin plates with a thickness of
0,2 mm to <1,0 mm.
The single-edge V-notch plate method can be applied to monolithic ceramics with a grain size larger
than about 1 μm. The use of this method is inappropriate for yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal
material (Y-TZP), which consists of homogeneous fine submicron grains. The method might also be
unsuitable for some other very tough or soft ceramics in which a sharp crack does not form at the root
of the V-notch.
This document is for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization,
reliability and design data generation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out
ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms, definitions
and surface texture parameters
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/
compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
ISO 15732, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for fracture
toughness of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by single edge precracked beam (SEPB) method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15732 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
This method is to obtain the fracture toughness value from the precrack length or the V-notch depth,
specimen dimensions and distance between the bending supports by measuring the fracture load of
specimen according to the three- or four-point bending fracture test of a single-edge precracked plate
specimen or a V-notched plate specimen. For the single-edge precracked plate method, a straight-
through pop-in precrack is induced in the specimen via three-point bending a saw-notched test
specimen bonded to a brass beam. For the V-notch plate method, a sharp-tipped notch is machined
using the technique of a reciprocating razor blade and diamond paste.
The use of the single-edge V-notch plate method for materials with grain size less than 1 μm is not
recommended, since the assumption that the notch approximates to a sharp crack is not established.
Users should strive to minimize the notch-root radius in the test pieces. This document places a
provisional criterion that the notch-root radius should be similar to or less than twice the average grain
size of the material.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Bend testing machine.
A suitable testing machine capable of applying a uniform cross-head speed shall be used. The testing
machine shall be in accordance with ISO 7500-1, with an accuracy of 1 % of the indicated force at
fracture.
5.2 Bend test fixture.
The general features of the bend test fixture are illustrated in Figure 1. The bend test fixture shall be
symmetrical about the centre line shown. The fixture shall have a thin slit in which the test specimen
can stand vertically on the supporting roller pins. The width of the slit shall be about 0,03 mm larger
than the specimen thickness. The loading roller pin for the three-point bend test is placed in the
positioning groove of the supporting member as shown in Figure 1 (a). The width of the positioning
groove should be about 0,05 mm larger than the diameter of the roller pin. The left and right loading
roller pins for the four-point bend test are placed in each positioning groove of the supporting member
as shown in Figure 1 (b) and are held against the stops and pillars. For both three-point and four-point
bend tests, the supporting roller pins are held against the stops and pillars. The loading member has a
tooth, which is put in the longitudinal groove of the supporting member to prevent the loading roller pin
from tilting so that it can push the specimen vertically. Other types of fixtures are acceptable; however,
compression force shall be applied vertically on the top surface of the specimen. Materials composing
the parts of the roller pins to be used shall be made of a material free from plastic deformation and risk
of fracture. The diameter of loading roller pin and supporting roller pins shall be between 4,0 mm and
5,0 mm. The surface roughness of the rollers, Ra, as defined in ISO 4287 shall be not more than 0,4 μm.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
a) Three-point bend test fixture
b) Four-point bend test fixture
Key
1 loading ball 7 precrack or V notch
2 loading member with round head 8 supporting roller pins
3 loading member 9 stops and pillars
4 tooth of the loading member 10 supporting member
5 loading roller pins 11 longitudinal groove for the tooth of the loading member
6 specimen 12 slit for the specimen
Support span Loading span
Diameter of roller
pins
Bending mode Specimen d d
1 2
mm mm mm
3-point bend I 4,0 to 5,0 30 ± 0,3 —
4-point bend I 4,0 to 5,0 30 ± 0,3 10 ± 0,2
4-point bend II 4,0 to 5,0 40 ± 0,4 20 ± 0,2
Figure 1 — Bend test fixtures
6 Test piece dimension and preparation
6.1 Shape and dimensions of test piece
Prepare plate test pieces of rectangular cross-section. Figure 2 shows the shape and mai
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21113
First edition
2018-07
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for fracture toughness of
monolithic ceramic thin plates at
room temperature
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Méthode d’essai pour déterminer la ténacité des plaques
minces en céramique monolithique à température ambiante
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus . 2
5.1 Bend testing machine. . 2
5.2 Bend test fixture. . 2
6 Test piece dimension and preparation. 4
6.1 Shape and dimensions of test piece . 4
6.2 Test piece preparation . 5
6.3 Number of test piece . 5
7 Test methods . 5
7.1 Three or four-point bending fracture test . 5
7.2 Measurement of thickness and width of test piece . 5
7.3 Measurement of precrack length . 5
8 Evaluation of validity of measured value . 5
9 Calculation . 6
10 Test report . 7
Annex A (normative) Test piece preparation for the precracked plate method .8
Annex B (normative) Test piece preparation for the V-notch plate method .13
Annex C (normative) Measurement of precrack length and evaluation of validity of
measured value for the precracked plate method .19
Bibliography .21
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21113:2018(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for fracture toughness of
monolithic ceramic thin plates at room temperature
1 Scope
This document describes a test method for the determination of the fracture toughness of monolithic
ceramic thin plates at room temperature by the single-edge precracked plate method or the single-edge
V-notch plate method.
This document is intended for use with monolithic ceramics and whisker- or particulate-reinforced
ceramics which are regarded as macroscopically homogeneous. It does not include continuous-fibre-
reinforced ceramics composites. This document is applicable to ceramic thin plates with a thickness of
0,2 mm to <1,0 mm.
The single-edge V-notch plate method can be applied to monolithic ceramics with a grain size larger
than about 1 μm. The use of this method is inappropriate for yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal
material (Y-TZP), which consists of homogeneous fine submicron grains. The method might also be
unsuitable for some other very tough or soft ceramics in which a sharp crack does not form at the root
of the V-notch.
This document is for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization,
reliability and design data generation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1101, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form,
orientation, location and run-out
ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Surface texture: Profile method — Terms, definitions
and surface texture parameters
ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/
compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
ISO 15732, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for fracture
toughness of monolithic ceramics at room temperature by single edge precracked beam (SEPB) method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 15732 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
This method is to obtain the fracture toughness value from the precrack length or the V-notch depth,
specimen dimensions and distance between the bending supports by measuring the fracture load of
specimen according to the three- or four-point bending fracture test of a single-edge precracked plate
specimen or a V-notched plate specimen. For the single-edge precracked plate method, a straight-
through pop-in precrack is induced in the specimen via three-point bending a saw-notched test
specimen bonded to a brass beam. For the V-notch plate method, a sharp-tipped notch is machined
using the technique of a reciprocating razor blade and diamond paste.
The use of the single-edge V-notch plate method for materials with grain size less than 1 μm is not
recommended, since the assumption that the notch approximates to a sharp crack is not established.
Users should strive to minimize the notch-root radius in the test pieces. This document places a
provisional criterion that the notch-root radius should be similar to or less than twice the average grain
size of the material.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Bend testing machine.
A suitable testing machine capable of applying a uniform cross-head speed shall be used. The testing
machine shall be in accordance with ISO 7500-1, with an accuracy of 1 % of the indicated force at
fracture.
5.2 Bend test fixture.
The general features of the bend test fixture are illustrated in Figure 1. The bend test fixture shall be
symmetrical about the centre line shown. The fixture shall have a thin slit in which the test specimen
can stand vertically on the supporting roller pins. The width of the slit shall be about 0,03 mm larger
than the specimen thickness. The loading roller pin for the three-point bend test is placed in the
positioning groove of the supporting member as shown in Figure 1 (a). The width of the positioning
groove should be about 0,05 mm larger than the diameter of the roller pin. The left and right loading
roller pins for the four-point bend test are placed in each positioning groove of the supporting member
as shown in Figure 1 (b) and are held against the stops and pillars. For both three-point and four-point
bend tests, the supporting roller pins are held against the stops and pillars. The loading member has a
tooth, which is put in the longitudinal groove of the supporting member to prevent the loading roller pin
from tilting so that it can push the specimen vertically. Other types of fixtures are acceptable; however,
compression force shall be applied vertically on the top surface of the specimen. Materials composing
the parts of the roller pins to be used shall be made of a material free from plastic deformation and risk
of fracture. The diameter of loading roller pin and supporting roller pins shall be between 4,0 mm and
5,0 mm. The surface roughness of the rollers, Ra, as defined in ISO 4287 shall be not more than 0,4 μm.
2 © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
a) Three-point bend test fixture
b) Four-point bend test fixture
Key
1 loading ball 7 precrack or V notch
2 loading member with round head 8 supporting roller pins
3 loading member 9 stops and pillars
4 tooth of the loading member 10 supporting member
5 loading roller pins 11 longitudinal groove for the tooth of the loading member
6 specimen 12 slit for the specimen
Support span Loading span
Diameter of roller
pins
Bending mode Specimen d d
1 2
mm mm mm
3-point bend I 4,0 to 5,0 30 ± 0,3 —
4-point bend I 4,0 to 5,0 30 ± 0,3 10 ± 0,2
4-point bend II 4,0 to 5,0 40 ± 0,4 20 ± 0,2
Figure 1 — Bend test fixtures
6 Test piece dimension and preparation
6.1 Shape and dimensions of test piece
Prepare plate test pieces of rectangular cross-section. Figure 2 shows the shape and mai
...
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