ISO 4386-2:2019
(Main)Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings — Part 2: Destructive testing of bond for bearing metal layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 2 mm
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings — Part 2: Destructive testing of bond for bearing metal layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 2 mm
This document specifies a tensile test method for determination of the bond strength between the bearing metal and the backing. The test can be applied to multilayer plain bearings with bearing metals based on lead, tin, copper or aluminium. For tested layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, a raw lining thickness of a minimum additional 1 mm is necessary. The backings are from steel, cast steel or copper alloys. The bond strength test does not apply to bearings with cast iron backing. The test applies to all thrust bearings and to journal bearings with an inner diameter of backing ≥ 90 mm. The test can be used for comparative investigations into the influence on the bond strength of various processes and types of material. In addition, the test is suitable for production control and for process qualification of bearing production. For non-destructive ultrasonic testing of the bond between bearing metal and backing for bearing metal layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, see ISO 4386-1.
Paliers lisses — Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches — Partie 2: Détermination, par essai destructif, de l'adhérence du matériau antifriction d'épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 2 mm
Drsni ležaji - Večslojni kovinski ležaji - 2. del: Preskušanje medslojnega spoja ležajnega kovinskega sloja z debelino, večjo ali enako 2 mm, s porušitvijo
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2020
Drsni ležaji - Večslojni kovinski ležaji - 2. del: Preskušanje medslojnega spoja
ležajnega kovinskega sloja z debelino, večjo ali enako 2 mm, s porušitvijo
Plain bearings - Metallic multilayer plain bearings - Part 2: Destructive testing of bond for
bearing metal layer thicknesses greater than or equal to 2 mm
Paliers lisses - Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 4386-2:2019
ICS:
21.100.10 Drsni ležaji Plain bearings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4386-2
Third edition
2019-04
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer
plain bearings —
Part 2:
Destructive testing of bond for bearing
metal layer thicknesses greater than
or equal to 2 mm
Paliers lisses — Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches —
Partie 2: Détermination, par essai destructif, de l'adhérence du
matériau antifriction d'épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 2 mm
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test equipment. 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Testing apparatus . 2
6 Specimen . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Specimen machining sequence . 4
7 Procedure. 5
8 Evaluation . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Designation . 7
8.3 Test report . 7
9 Application for quality control and process qualification . 8
9.1 General . 8
9.2 Quality control . 8
9.3 Process qualification . 8
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 2,
Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4386-2:2012), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Adjustment to the ISO Directives, including the implementation of Clause 3 Terms and definitions.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4386 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Long years of experience with bond tests led to an adaptation of this document. The test apparatus has
been modified to reduce the negative local bending stress influence on the specimen. The geometry
of the test specimen has been modified to avoid negative influence due to tolerances. A description of
the specimen machining sequence has been added to get a more uniform specimen. A subclause on the
application for quality control has been added.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4386-2:2019(E)
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings —
Part 2:
Destructive testing of bond for bearing metal layer
thicknesses greater than or equal to 2 mm
1 Scope
This document specifies a tensile test method for determination of the bond strength between the
bearing metal and the backing. The test can be applied to multilayer plain bearings with bearing metals
based on lead, tin, copper or aluminium. For tested layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, a raw lining thickness of a
minimum additional 1 mm is necessary.
The backings are from steel, cast steel or copper alloys. The bond strength test does not apply to
bearings with cast iron backing.
The test applies to all thrust bearings and to journal bearings with an inner diameter of backing ≥ 90 mm.
The test can be used for comparative investigations into the influence on the bond strength of various
processes and types of material. In addition, the test is suitable for production control and for process
qualification of bearing production.
For non-destructive ultrasonic testing of the bond between bearing metal and backing for bearing
metal layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, see ISO 4386-1.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
4 Principle
During the tensile testing carried out vertically to the bond surface, the bond strength, R , in newtons
Ch
per square millimetre, is the quotient of the maximum force, F , in newtons and the bond surface, A,
max
in square millimetres, of the specimen (see Table 2), as given by Formula (1).
NOTE The subscript "Ch" refers to the test method proposed by Chalmers.
F
max
R = (1)
Ch
A
5 Test equipment
5.1 General
A calibrated tensile testing machine shall be used with apparatus in accordance with Table 1.
By means of careful adjustment of the apparatus, it shall be ensured that the force is acting vertically to
the bond surface in order to avoid incorrect measurements.
5.2 Testing apparatus
Key
1 distance tube
2 nut
Figure 1 — Main dimensions of apparatus
NOTE Details not indicated in this document are expected to be chosen accordingly.
Table 1 — Dimensions and tolerances for test apparatus
Dimensions in millimetres
Type of spec-
Apparatus geometry data
imen
d d d d d t
4 6 7 8 9 9
+01, +01,
NA NA NA
0 0
−01,
T 100 8,1 19,8 15,9 M 8 19 4
T 200 12,1 29,1 23,9 M 12 28 4
NA: not applicable
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
6 Specimen
6.1 General
Tin casting alloys for multilayer plain bearings are specified in ISO 4381.
For selection of the type of specimen in the case of journal bearings, the inner diameter, d , of the
bearing has to be considered.
Specimen T 100 is valid from the minimum diameter d = 90 mm up to d = 200 mm.
1 1
Specimen T 200 is valid for all diameters d > 200 mm.
For the thrust bearing specimens, T 100 and T 200 may be used. Whenever possible, T 200 should be
preferred.
Both bearing metal faces shall be machined as a precondition for fixing the bearing metal layer on
the test apparatus to avoid bending deformation of the bearing metal during test procedure. Use test
apparatus in accordance with Table 1.
Specimens shall be manufactured in accordance with Table 2, Figure 2 and 5.1.
Table 2 — Dimensions and tolerances for specimens (see Figure 2)
Dimensions in millimetres
Inner diameter
Type of
Bond surface of the backing of Specimen geometry data
specimen
journal bearing
d d d d
2 3 4 5
A
d
2 +01,
mm
h8 H8
T 100 100 90 - 200 19,60 16 8,1 29
T 200 200 >200 28,85 24 12,1 38
Key
1 backing
2 bearing metal
3 bond surface equal to test surface
Figure 2 — Specimen (from a journal bearing) for bond testing
6.2 Specimen machining sequence
Table 3 — Specimen machining sequence
Step 1:
a) Tighten raw
specimen with
bearing metal
towards chuck.
T 100 T 200
b) Machine d
5.
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4386-2
Third edition
2019-04
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer
plain bearings —
Part 2:
Destructive testing of bond for bearing
metal layer thicknesses greater than
or equal to 2 mm
Paliers lisses — Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches —
Partie 2: Détermination, par essai destructif, de l'adhérence du
matériau antifriction d'épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 2 mm
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test equipment. 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Testing apparatus . 2
6 Specimen . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Specimen machining sequence . 4
7 Procedure. 5
8 Evaluation . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Designation . 7
8.3 Test report . 7
9 Application for quality control and process qualification . 8
9.1 General . 8
9.2 Quality control . 8
9.3 Process qualification . 8
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 2,
Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4386-2:2012), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Adjustment to the ISO Directives, including the implementation of Clause 3 Terms and definitions.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4386 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Long years of experience with bond tests led to an adaptation of this document. The test apparatus has
been modified to reduce the negative local bending stress influence on the specimen. The geometry
of the test specimen has been modified to avoid negative influence due to tolerances. A description of
the specimen machining sequence has been added to get a more uniform specimen. A subclause on the
application for quality control has been added.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4386-2:2019(E)
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings —
Part 2:
Destructive testing of bond for bearing metal layer
thicknesses greater than or equal to 2 mm
1 Scope
This document specifies a tensile test method for determination of the bond strength between the
bearing metal and the backing. The test can be applied to multilayer plain bearings with bearing metals
based on lead, tin, copper or aluminium. For tested layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, a raw lining thickness of a
minimum additional 1 mm is necessary.
The backings are from steel, cast steel or copper alloys. The bond strength test does not apply to
bearings with cast iron backing.
The test applies to all thrust bearings and to journal bearings with an inner diameter of backing ≥ 90 mm.
The test can be used for comparative investigations into the influence on the bond strength of various
processes and types of material. In addition, the test is suitable for production control and for process
qualification of bearing production.
For non-destructive ultrasonic testing of the bond between bearing metal and backing for bearing
metal layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, see ISO 4386-1.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at th
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4386-2
Third edition
2019-04
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer
plain bearings —
Part 2:
Destructive testing of bond for bearing
metal layer thicknesses greater than
or equal to 2 mm
Paliers lisses — Paliers lisses métalliques multicouches —
Partie 2: Détermination, par essai destructif, de l'adhérence du
matériau antifriction d'épaisseur supérieure ou égale à 2 mm
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Test equipment. 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Testing apparatus . 2
6 Specimen . 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Specimen machining sequence . 4
7 Procedure. 5
8 Evaluation . 6
8.1 General . 6
8.2 Designation . 7
8.3 Test report . 7
9 Application for quality control and process qualification . 8
9.1 General . 8
9.2 Quality control . 8
9.3 Process qualification . 8
Bibliography .10
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso
.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 123, Plain bearings, Subcommittee SC 2,
Materials and lubricants, their properties, characteristics, test methods and testing conditions.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4386-2:2012), of which it constitutes a
minor revision. The changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Adjustment to the ISO Directives, including the implementation of Clause 3 Terms and definitions.
A list of all parts in the ISO 4386 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/members .html.
iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
Introduction
Long years of experience with bond tests led to an adaptation of this document. The test apparatus has
been modified to reduce the negative local bending stress influence on the specimen. The geometry
of the test specimen has been modified to avoid negative influence due to tolerances. A description of
the specimen machining sequence has been added to get a more uniform specimen. A subclause on the
application for quality control has been added.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4386-2:2019(E)
Plain bearings — Metallic multilayer plain bearings —
Part 2:
Destructive testing of bond for bearing metal layer
thicknesses greater than or equal to 2 mm
1 Scope
This document specifies a tensile test method for determination of the bond strength between the
bearing metal and the backing. The test can be applied to multilayer plain bearings with bearing metals
based on lead, tin, copper or aluminium. For tested layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, a raw lining thickness of a
minimum additional 1 mm is necessary.
The backings are from steel, cast steel or copper alloys. The bond strength test does not apply to
bearings with cast iron backing.
The test applies to all thrust bearings and to journal bearings with an inner diameter of backing ≥ 90 mm.
The test can be used for comparative investigations into the influence on the bond strength of various
processes and types of material. In addition, the test is suitable for production control and for process
qualification of bearing production.
For non-destructive ultrasonic testing of the bond between bearing metal and backing for bearing
metal layer thicknesses ≥ 2 mm, see ISO 4386-1.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at th
...
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