ISO 294-5

Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy

ISO 294-5:2017 specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm and a minimum size of 80 mm × ≥90 mm and with a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point data acquisition. It has been found to provide the maximum anisotropic properties, with only a slight sensitivity to the rate of injection. Whenever possible, a two cavity mould is intended to be used. For the design of plastic parts, this will provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties. Matching the plate thickness to a given part thickness is not a suitable criterion because of the effect of mould filling rate and part geometry on anisotropy. Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool. In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour. For the purposes of ISO 294-5:2017, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flow direction. The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of thermoplastics.

Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux thermoplastiques — Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer l'anisotropie

L'ISO 294-5 :2017 spécifie un moule (appelé moule ISO de type F) pour le moulage par injection de plaques avec des dimensions préférentielles de 80 mm × 120 mm et des dimensions minimales de 80 mm × ≥ 90 mm ayant une épaisseur préférentielle de 2 mm pour l'acquisition des caractéristiques intrinsèques en simples ou multipoints. Il s'est avéré qu'il apporte les propriétés anisotropes maximales, avec seulement une légère sensibilité à la vitesse d'injection. Un moule à deux empreintes doit être utilisé chaque fois que possible. Pour la conception des pièces en matière plastique, cela va apporter des limites inférieures et supérieures aux propriétés en traction. La correspondance entre l'épaisseur de la plaque et l'épaisseur d'une pièce donnée n'est pas un critère approprié à cause des effets de la vitesse de remplissage du moule et de la géométrie des pièces sur l'anisotropie. La détermination de l'anisotropie des matériaux est un mode opératoire spécial destiné à fournir des lignes directrices lors de la conception des moulages pour des applications finales et n'est pas destiné à être utilisé comme outil de contrôle qualité. Dans un thermoplastique moulé par injection, le flux du polymère fondu peut influer sur l'orientation des charges comme les fibres de verre ou sur l'orientation des chaînes de polymères. Il peut en découler un comportement anisotrope. Pour l'ISO 294-5 :2017, la direction du flux est définie comme étant la direction allant du seuil jusqu'au fond de la cavité du moule, et la direction transversale est la direction perpendiculaire à la direction du flux. Le moule de type F n'est pas destiné à remplacer le moule de type D utilisé pour la détermination du retrait au moulage des thermoplastiques.

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 83.080.20 - Thermoplastic materials
• Technical Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 9 - Thermoplastic materials
• Drafting Committee: ISO/TC 61/SC 9 - Thermoplastic materials
• Current Stage: 6000 - International Standard under publication
• Start Date: 13-Dec-2025
• Completion Date: 27-Dec-2025

Relations

• Consolidates: ISO 4134:2021 - Meat and meat products - Determination of L-(+)-glutamic acid content - Reference method
• Effective Date: 03-Dec-2022
• Revises: ISO 294-5:2017 - Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy
• Effective Date: 22-Oct-2022

Overview

ISO 294-5 - Plastics - Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials - Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy specifies a type F ISO mould and procedure for producing plates that reveal the maximum anisotropic behaviour of reinforced or self-reinforcing thermoplastics. The standard targets plates with a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm (minimum 80 mm × ≥90 mm) and a preferred thickness of 2 mm, intended for single‑point and multi‑point data acquisition. ISO 294-5 is intended as a design guidance tool (upper and lower bounds for tensile properties), not as a quality control test for raw material.

Key topics and requirements

• Type F ISO mould: Defines a two‑cavity mould geometry to produce plates that encourage flow‑induced orientation of fibres/polymers and maximize anisotropy.
• Preferred plate dimensions: 80 × 120 mm, preferred thickness 2 mm (other thicknesses permitted but affect skin/core ratios).
• Flow and cross directions: Flow direction is from the gate to the far end of the cavity; cross direction is perpendicular. Test specimens are taken relative to these orientations to measure anisotropy.
• Specimen preparation: Plates are machined or stamped into test specimens (e.g., ISO 20753 type A22 or B3) for tensile testing and property mapping.
• Injection parameters influence: Mould filling rate (average injection velocity) and plate thickness affect skin-to-core thickness and fibre orientation - slower fill speeds and thinner plates increase aligned “skin” layers.
• Two‑cavity recommendation: Whenever possible use a two‑cavity mould to provide upper and lower tensile bounds.
• Scope limitations: Not a replacement for the type D mould (moulding shrinkage) and not intended as a general quality control standard.

Applications and users

ISO 294-5 is most useful for:

• Design engineers and part designers assessing strength/stiffness variability due to flow-induced anisotropy in injection-moulded components.
• Materials scientists and R&D teams characterizing fibre/polymer orientation effects.
• Test laboratories and OEMs preparing standard plates and specimens for anisotropy studies.
• Mould designers who need to understand how cavity geometry and gating influence orientation.

Practical uses:

• Establishing upper and lower bounds for tensile properties in component design.
• Selecting appropriate part geometry, gating and wall thickness to mitigate anisotropic failures.
• Generating comparative data for material selection and structural simulation inputs.

Related standards

• ISO 294-1 - General principles and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens
• ISO 20753 - Plastics - Test specimens (e.g., types A22, B3)
• ISO 2818 - Preparation of test specimens by machining

Keywords: ISO 294-5, anisotropy, injection moulding, thermoplastic materials, type F ISO mould, test specimens, fibre orientation, plate moulding.

Standards Content (Sample)

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 294-5
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Plastics — Injection moulding of
Secretariat: KATS
test specimens of thermoplastic
Voting begins on:
materials —
2025-10-17
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
2025-12-12
Preparation of standard specimens
for investigating anisotropy
Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux
thermoplastiques —
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer
l'anisotropie
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(en) © ISO 2025

FINAL DRAFT
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/FDIS 294-5
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Plastics — Injection moulding of
Secretariat: KATS
test specimens of thermoplastic
Voting begins on:
materials —
Part 5:
Voting terminates on:
Preparation of standard specimens
for investigating anisotropy
Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux
thermoplastiques —
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer
l'anisotropie
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2025
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(en) © ISO 2025

ii
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
4.1 Type F ISO mould .2
4.2 Injection-moulding machine .4
5 Procedure . 4
5.1 Conditioning of material .4
5.2 Injection moulding .4
5.3 Preparation of test specimen . .5
6 Report on test specimen preparation . 5
Annex A (normative) Preparation of test specimens . 6

iii
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 9, Thermoplastic
materials, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN
(Vienna Agreement).
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 294-5:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— size 90 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm plates have been removed;
— the normative references have been updated
A list of all parts in the ISO 294 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(en)
Introduction
Reinforced and self-reinforcing injection-mouldable thermoplastics are used in a wide variety of applications,
some of which can be safety-related. During the injection-moulding process, reinforcement fibres can
preferentially align with the flow of the molten material and not across the flow direction. This preferential
alignment causes an imbalance in the properties of the moulded thermoplastic so that, in the flow direction,
the alignment of the reinforcing fibres causes a higher strength and stiffness than in the cross direction with
fewer aligned fibres. This difference in properties is termed anisotropy and it may result in an injection-
moulded component having less than the desired or designed strength. To aid designers in understanding
the potential strength of an injection-moulded component, it is desirable to know about the anisotropy of an
injection-moulded component.
During the development of this document, it was found that injection-moulded test specimens do not exhibit
the same fibre alignment across their thickness, but that the outer layers have fibres preferentially aligned
in the mould filling direction while the core has randomly oriented fibres (i.e. no preferential alignment).
The ratio of the cross-sectional area of aligned-fibre orientation (i.e. “skin” layer thickness) to that of
random-fibre orientation (i.e. “core” thickness) is affected by the specimen thickness and the mould filling
rate, i.e. the average injection velocity. Thicker specimens exhibit a lower proportion of aligned fibres than
do thinner specimens. Slower mould fill speeds lead to thicker “skin” layers with aligned fibres. As a result,
to obtain meaningful data on a particular design of moulding, an investigator should prepare specimens
with the maximum anisotropic properties, as this data will best represent the upper and lower bounds of a
composite structure. Since the specimen thickness and injection velocity have a significant influence on the
final anisotropy, this document should only be used for determining information that is useful in designing
mouldings and not as a quality control test for the plastic material itself.
A survey of more than 10 raw material suppliers worldwide carried out from 2010 to 2013 clearly indicated
that the preparation of plates which provide a suitable degree of anisotropy requires plates with non-squar
...

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...
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page, Header distance from edge: 1.27 cm, Footer distance
ISO/DISFDIS 294-5:2024(en)
from edge: 1.27 cm
Formatted: zzCover large
2024-09-14
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Secretariat: KATS Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
Date: 2025-10-03
Formatted: Cover Title_A1
Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic
materials —
Formatted
...
Part 5:
Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy
Plastiques — Moulage par injection des éprouvettes de matériaux thermoplastiques — Formatted
...
Partie 5: Préparation d'éprouvettes normalisées pour déterminer l'anisotropie Formatted: French (France)
FDIS stage
Formatted: Left
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO'sISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO Copyright Officecopyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Formatted: zzCopyright address, Adjust space between Latin
and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
Formatted: French (Switzerland)
Email: [e-mail]
E-mail: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org Formatted: zzCopyright address, Adjust space between Latin
and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Published in Switzerland.
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Contents Page
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab stops: Not
at 0.71 cm + 17.2 cm
Foreword . iv
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
5 Procedure . 5
6 Report on test specimen preparation . 5
Annex A (normative) Preparation of test specimens . 7

Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Apparatus . 2
5 Procedure . 4
6 Report on test specimen preparation . 5
Annex A (normative) Preparation of test specimens . 7
Bibliography . 8
iii
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Foreword
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directiveswww.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice
of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 9,
Formatted: Font: Not Italic
Thermoplastic materials, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Formatted: Font: Not Italic
Technical Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 294--5:2017), which has been technically
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
revised.
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
The main changes are as follows:
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
— — size 90 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm plates have been removed; Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab stops: Not
at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm
— — the normative references have been updated
+ 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,

Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
A list of all parts in the ISO 294 series can be found on the ISO website.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html. Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
v
Formatted: Line spacing: At least 15.5 pt, Adjust space
Introduction
between Latin and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text
and numbers, Tab stops: Not at 0.71 cm
Reinforced and self-reinforcing injection-mouldable thermoplastics are used in a wide variety of
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
applications, some of which can be safety-related. During the injection-moulding process, reinforcement Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
fibres can preferentially align with the flow of the molten material and not across the flow direction. This
preferential alignment causes an imbalance in the properties of the moulded thermoplastic so that, in the
flow direction, the alignment of the reinforcing fibres causes a higher strength and stiffness than in the
cross direction with fewer aligned fibres. This difference in properties is termed anisotropy and it may
result in an injection-moulded component having less than the desired or designed strength. To aid
designers in understanding the potential strength of an injection-moulded component, it is desirable to
know about the anisotropy of an injection-moulded component.
During the development of this document, it was found that injection-moulded test specimens do not
exhibit the same fibre alignment across their thickness, but that the outer layers have fibres preferentially
aligned in the mould filling direction while the core has randomly oriented fibres (i.e. no preferential
alignment). The ratio of the cross-sectional area of aligned-fibre orientation (i.e. “skin” layer thickness)
to that of random-fibre orientation (i.e. “core” thickness) is affected by the specimen thickness and the
mould filling rate, i.e. the average injection velocity. Thicker specimens exhibit a lower proportion of
aligned fibres than do thinner specimens. Slower mould fill speeds lead to thicker “skin” layers with
aligned fibres. As a result, to obtain meaningful data on a particular design of moulding, an investigator
should prepare specimens with the maximum anisotropic properties, as this data will best represent the
upper and lower bounds of a composite structure. Since the specimen thickness and injection velocity
have a significant influence on the final anisotropy, this document should only be used for determining
information that is useful in designing mouldings and not as a quality control test for the plastic material
itself.
A survey of more than 10 raw material suppliers worldwide carried out from 2010 to 2013 clearly
indicated that the preparation of plates which provide a suitable degree of anisotropy requires plates
with non-square shape to ensure a fibre orientation in flow direction. Under the conditions of this study,
the highest degree of anisotropy was obtained using a plate with dimensions 120 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm.
It can be considered that plates longer than 120 mm will show at least as good results. Square plates (e.g.
80 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm or even 150 mm × 150 mm × 2 mm) resulted in problems sometimes
independent of the size. Within this study, the plate with size 90 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm as required in the
previous edition of this document did not perform well in any case and was removed from this document.

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ISO/DISFDIS 294-5:20242025(en)
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Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic
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materials —Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for
investigating anisotropy
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vii
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 294-5:2024(en)
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from edge: 1.27 cm, Footer distance from edge: 0.5 cm
Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic
materials —
Part 5:
Preparation of standard specimens for investigating anisotropy
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
1 Scope
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
This document specifies a mould (designated the type F ISO mould) for the injection moulding of plates with
a preferred size of 80 mm × 120 mm, and with a preferred thickness of 2 mm for single-point and multi-point
data acquisition. Suitable test specimens according to ISO 20753 type A22 or B3 are then machined or stamped
from the plates and used to obtain information on the anisotropy. For the design of plastic parts, this will
provide upper and lower bounds for the tensile properties.
Investigation of the anisotropy of materials is a special procedure intended to provide guidance in the design
of mouldings for end-use applications and is not intended as a quality control tool.
In the injection moulding of thermoplastic materials, the flow of molten polymer can influence the orientation
of fillers such as fibreglass or the orientation of polymer chains, resulting in anisotropic behaviour.
For the purposes of this document, the flow direction is defined as the direction from the gate to the far end
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
of the mould cavity and the cross direction as the direction perpendicular to the flow direction.
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The type F mould is not intended to replace the type D mould used to determine the moulding shrinkage of
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thermoplastics.
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Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab stops: Not
at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2
2 Normative references
cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
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requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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ISO 294--1:2017, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 1: General
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principles, and moulding of multipurpose and bar test specimens
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ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
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ISO 20753, Plastics — Test specimens
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3 Terms and definitions Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 294--1 apply.
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Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
Formatted
...

PROJET FINAL
Norme
internationale
ISO/FDIS 294-5
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Plastiques — Moulage par injection
Secrétariat: KATS
des éprouvettes de matériaux
Début de vote:
thermoplastiques —
2025-10-17
Partie 5:
Vote clos le:
2025-12-12
Préparation d'éprouvettes
normalisées pour déterminer
l'anisotropie
Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic
materials —
Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating
anisotropy
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
INVITÉS À PRÉSENTER, AVEC LEURS OBSERVATIONS,
NOTIFICATION DES DROITS DE PROPRIÉTÉ DONT ILS
AURAIENT ÉVENTUELLEMENT CONNAISSANCE ET À
FOURNIR UNE DOCUMENTATION EXPLICATIVE.
OUTRE LE FAIT D’ÊTRE EXAMINÉS POUR
ÉTABLIR S’ILS SONT ACCEPTABLES À DES FINS
INDUSTRIELLES, TECHNOLOGIQUES ET COM-MERCIALES,
AINSI QUE DU POINT DE VUE DES UTILISATEURS, LES
PROJETS DE NORMES
TRAITEMENT PARALLÈLE ISO/CEN
INTERNATIONALES DOIVENT PARFOIS ÊTRE CONSIDÉRÉS
DU POINT DE VUE DE LEUR POSSI BILITÉ DE DEVENIR DES
NORMES POUVANT
SERVIR DE RÉFÉRENCE DANS LA RÉGLEMENTATION
NATIONALE.
Numéro de référence
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(fr) © ISO 2025

PROJET FINAL
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(fr)
Norme
internationale
ISO/FDIS 294-5
ISO/TC 61/SC 9
Plastiques — Moulage par injection
Secrétariat: KATS
des éprouvettes de matériaux
Début de vote:
thermoplastiques —
2025-10-17
Partie 5:
Vote clos le:
2025-12-12
Préparation d'éprouvettes
normalisées pour déterminer
l'anisotropie
Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic
materials —
Part 5: Preparation of standard specimens for investigating
anisotropy
LES DESTINATAIRES DU PRÉSENT PROJET SONT
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Publié en Suisse Numéro de référence
ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(fr) © ISO 2025

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ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(fr)
Sommaire Page
Avant-propos .iv
Introduction .v
1 Domaine d'application . 1
2 Références normatives . 1
3 Termes et définitions . 1
4 Appareillage . 2
4.1 Moule ISO de type F .2
4.2 Machine de moulage par injection .4
5 Mode opératoire . 4
5.1 Conditionnement des matériaux .4
5.2 Moulage par injection .4
5.3 Préparation des éprouvettes .5
6 Rapport sur la préparation des éprouvettes . 5
Annexe A (normative) Préparation des éprouvettes . 7

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ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(fr)
Avant-propos
L’ISO (Organisation internationale de normalisation) est une fédération mondiale d’organismes nationaux
de normalisation (comités membres de l’ISO). L’élaboration des Normes internationales est en général
confiée aux comités techniques de l’ISO. Chaque comité membre intéressé par une étude a le droit de faire
partie du comité technique créé à cet effet. Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non
gouvernementales, en liaison avec l’ISO participent également aux travaux. L’ISO collabore étroitement avec
la Commission électrotechnique internationale (IEC) en ce qui concerne la normalisation électrotechnique.
Les procédures utilisées pour élaborer le présent document et celles destinées à sa mise à jour sont
décrites dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 1. Il convient, en particulier, de prendre note des différents
critères d’approbation requis pour les différents types de documents ISO. Le présent document a
été rédigé conformément aux règles de rédaction données dans les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2 (voir
www.iso.org/directives).
L’ISO attire l’attention sur le fait que la mise en application du présent document peut entraîner l’utilisation
d’un ou de plusieurs brevets. L’ISO ne prend pas position quant à la preuve, à la validité et à l’applicabilité de
tout droit de brevet revendiqué à cet égard. À la date de publication du présent document, l’ISO n’avait pas
reçu notification qu’un ou plusieurs brevets pouvaient être nécessaires à sa mise en application. Toutefois,
il y a lieu d’avertir les responsables de la mise en application du présent document que des informations
plus récentes sont susceptibles de figurer dans la base de données de brevets, disponible à l’adresse
www.iso.org/brevets. L’ISO ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié tout ou partie de
tels droits de brevet.
Les appellations commerciales éventuellement mentionnées dans le présent document sont données pour
information, par souci de commodité, à l’intention des utilisateurs et ne sauraient constituer un engagement.
Pour une explication de la nature volontaire des normes, la signification des termes et expressions
spécifiques de l’ISO liés à l’évaluation de la conformité, ou pour toute information au sujet de l’adhésion de
l’ISO aux principes de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) concernant les obstacles techniques au
commerce (OTC), voir www.iso.org/avant-propos.
Le présent document a été élaboré par le comité technique ISO/TC 61, Plastiques, sous-comité SC 9, Matériaux
thermoplastiques, en collaboration avec le comité technique CEN/TC 249, Plastiques, du Comité européen de
normalisation (CEN), conformément à l’Accord de coopération technique entre l’ISO et le CEN (Accord de
Vienne).
Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition (ISO 294-5:2017), qui a fait l'objet d'une
révision technique.
Les principaux changements sont les suivants:
— les plaques de dimensions 90 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm ont été retirées;
— les références normatives ont été mises à jour.
Une liste de toutes les parties de l’ISO 294 est disponible sur le site web de l’ISO.
Il convient que l’utilisateur adresse tout retour d’information ou toute question concernant le présent
document à l’organisme national de normalisation de son pays. Une liste exhaustive desdits organismes se
trouve à l’adresse www.iso.org/fr/members.html.

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ISO/FDIS 294-5:2025(fr)
Introduction
Les thermoplastiques renforcés et à auto-renforcement pouvant être moulés par injection sont utilisés
dans une grande variété d'applications dont certaines peuvent être liées à la sécurité. Pendant le processus
de moulage par injection, les fibres de renfort peuvent avoir tendance à s'aligner dans la direction du flux
de la matière fondue et non pas perpendiculairement à celui-ci. Cet alignement préférentiel engendre un
déséquilibre des propriétés du thermoplastique moulé de sorte que dans la direction du flux, l'alignement des
fibres de renfort entraîne une rigidité et une résistance supérieures à celles obtenues dans le sens transversal
avec des fibres disposées aléatoirement. Cette variation des propriétés est dénommée anisotropie. Ainsi, un
objet moulé par injection peut présenter une résistance inférieure à la résistance voulue ou conçue. Pour
aider les concepteurs à comprendre la résistance potentielle d'un objet moulé par injection, il est souhaitable
de connaître l'anisotropie d'un objet moulé par injection.
Au cours de l'élaboration du présent document, il a été établi que les éprouvettes moulées par injection ne
présentent pas le même alignement de fibres dans le sens de l'épaisseur de l'éprouvette, mais que les couches
extérieures présentent un alignement préférentiel des fibres dans la direction du flux, alors que le milieu
est constitué de fibres orientées aléatoirement (c'est-à-dire absence d'alignement préférentiel). Le rapport
de la quantité de fibres alignées (épaisseur de la peau) à celle des fibres alignées aléatoirement (épaisseur
au milieu) est influencé par l'épaisseur de l'éprouvette et la vitesse de remplissage du moule, c'est-à-dire la
vitesse moyenne d'injection. Les éprouvettes épaisses présentent un rapport de fibres alignées plus faible
que les éprouvettes minces. De faibles vitesses de remplissage du moule induisent de fortes couches de
peau à fibres alignées. En conséquence, pour obtenir des données significatives sur un procédé de moulage
particulier, il convient de préparer des éprouvettes possédant des propriétés anisotropes maximales, ces
données étant la meilleure représentation des limites inférieures et supérieures d'une structure composite.
Étant donné que l'épaisseur de l'éprouvette et la vitesse d'injection ont une influence significative sur
l'anisotropie finale, il convient de n'utiliser le présent document que pour déterminer des informations utiles
pour la conception des pièces moulées et non dans le cadre d'un essai de contrôle de la qualité des matériaux
plastiques.
Une étude au plan mondial de plus de dix fournisseurs de matériau effectuée entre 2010 et 2013 montre
clairement que la préparation des plaques avec un degré approprié d'anisotropie nécessite des plaques
de forme non carrée pour garantir une orientation des fibres dans la direction de l'écoulement. Selon les
conditions de cette étude, le degré d'anisotropie le plus élevé a été obtenu dans une plaque de dimensions
120 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm. Il peut être considéré que des plaques de longueur supérieure à 120 mm présenteront
au minimum des résultats équivalents. Des plaques carrées (par exemple 80 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm ou même
150 mm × 150 mm × 2 mm) ont occasionné parfois des problèmes indépendamment de leurs dimensions.
Selon cette étude, les plaques de dimensions 90 mm × 80 mm × 2 mm, comme exigé dans l'édition précéd
...