ISO 12233:2024
(Main)Digital cameras — Resolution and spatial frequency responses
Digital cameras — Resolution and spatial frequency responses
This document specifies methods for measuring the resolution and the spatial frequency response (SFR) of digital cameras. It is applicable to the measurement of both monochrome and colour cameras which output digital data.
Caméras numériques — Résolution et réponses en fréquence spatiale
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
International
Standard
ISO 12233
Fifth edition
Digital cameras — Resolution and
2024-09
spatial frequency responses
Caméras numériques — Résolution et réponses en fréquence
spatiale
Reference number
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Test conditions . 5
4.1 Test chart illumination .5
4.2 Camera framing and lens focal length setting .6
4.3 Camera focusing .6
4.4 Camera settings .6
4.5 White balance .7
4.6 Luminance and colour measurements .7
4.7 Gamma correction .7
5 Visual resolution measurement . 7
5.1 General .7
5.2 Test chart .8
5.2.1 General .8
5.2.2 Material.8
5.2.3 Size .8
5.2.4 Test patterns .8
5.2.5 Test pattern modulation .8
5.2.6 Positional tolerance .8
5.3 Rules of judgement for visual observation .9
5.3.1 Rules of judgement .9
5.3.2 Example of a correct visual judgement .9
6 Edge-based spatial frequency response (e-SFR) . 10
6.1 General .10
6.2 Methodology . 13
7 Sinewave-based spatial frequency response (s-SFR) measurement .13
8 Presentation of results . 14
8.1 General .14
8.2 Resolution .14
8.2.1 General .14
8.2.2 Basic presentation . 15
8.2.3 Representative presentation . 15
8.3 Spatial frequency response (SFR) . 15
8.3.1 General . 15
8.3.2 Spatial frequency response . 15
8.3.3 Report of resolution value derived from the s-SFR .16
Annex A (informative) CIPA resolution chart .18
Annex B (informative) Visual resolution measurement software .24
Annex C (informative) Edge SFR test chart .30
Annex D (normative) Edge spatial frequency response (e-SFR) algorithm .32
Annex E (normative) Sine wave star test chart .38
Annex F (normative) Sine wave spatial frequency response (s-SFR) analysis algorithm . 41
Annex G (informative) Colour-filtered resolution measurements .46
Annex H (informative) Units and summary metrics .48
iii
Annex I (informative) Original test chart defined in ISO 12233:2000 .51
Annex J (informative) Non-uniform illumination compensation for some applications .55
Annex K (informative) Derivation of correction functions . 61
Annex L (informative) Acutance calculation .65
Annex M (informative) Matlab function for computing e-SFR .68
Bibliography .73
iv
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 42, Photography.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 12233:2023), which was revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— The subtitle of Annex D has been corrected to state that Annex D is normative (since it was erroneously
th
listed as informative in the 4 edition), and the reference to Annex D in 6.1 has been clarified to state
that Annex D shall be used to implement the e-SFR algorithm.
— In Annex D, the name of the function “OECF” in Formula (D.1) has been changed to “inverse OECF”, and
the description of the equation has been clarified.
— The term “electronic still picture imaging” in the title and the term “electronic still-picture cameras” in
the scope have been changed to “digital cameras”, to match current industry terminology.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
Introduc
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.