ISO/IEC 10646-1:1993
(Main)Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) — Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane
Information technology — Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS) — Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane
Technologies de l'information — Jeu universel de caractères codés à plusieurs octets — Partie 1: Architecture et table multilingue
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL
lSO/IEC
STANDARD
1064611
First edition
1993-05-01
Information technology - Universal
Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set
(UCS) -
Part 1:
Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane
Technologies de I’informa tion
- Jeu universe/ de caracMes cod& 2
plusieurs octets -
Partie 1: Architecture et table multilingue
Reference number
&O/l EC 10646-I :1993(E)
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ISOllEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
Contents
Page
1
1 scope .
............................................................................................ 1
2 Conformance
2
3 Normative references .
2
4 Definitions .
................................................................... 3
5 General structure of the UCS
4
............................................................
6 Basic structure and nomenclature
..................................................................... 7
7 Special features of the UCS
.................................................................... 7
8 The Basic Multilingual Plane
............................................................................................. 7
9 Other planes
.......................................................................... 7
10 The Restricted Use zone
................................................................ 8
11 Private Use groups and planes
........................................................... 8
12 Revision and updating of the UCS
8
13 Subsets .
.................................................. 8
14 Coded representation forms of the UCS
9
15 Implementation levels .
...................................................... 9
16 Use of control functions with the UCS
.................................................... 9
17 Declaration of identification of features
..................................................... 11
18 Structure of the code tables and lists
11
19 Block names .
12
20 Characters in bi-directional context .
12
21 Special characters .
12
22 .
Order of characters
............................................................................. 13
23 Combining characters
14
24 Hangul syllable composition method .
.............................................. 14
25 Code tables and lists of character names
........................................................................ 262
26 CJK unified ideographs
Annexes
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A Collections of graphic characters for subsets 699
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
B List of combining characters
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
C Mirrored characters in Arabic bi-directional context
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
D Alternate format characters
0 ISO/IEC 1993
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per-
mission in writing from the publisher.
lSO/IEC Copyright Office l Case Postale 56 l CH-1211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
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ISOAEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
E Alphabetically sorted list of character names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
F The use of “signatures” to identify UCS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
G UCS transformation format (UTF-1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 744
H Recommendation for combined receiving/originating
devices with internal storage . .*.
746
J Notations of octet value representations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
747
K Character naming guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
748
. . . . . . .*.*.~.
L Sources of characters 750
M External references to character repertoires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 752
N Scripts under consideration for future editions of
ISO/IEC 10646 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
..I
Ill
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ISOAEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
Foreword
IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the Inter-
national Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for
worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of IS0 or
IEC participate in the development of International Standards through
technical committees established by the respective organization to deal
with particular fields of technical activity. IS0 and IEC technical com-
mittees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organ-
izations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS0 and IEC,
also take part in the work.
In the field of information technology, IS0 and IEC have established a joint
technical committee, lSO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted
by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for vot-
ing. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least
75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
International Standard lSO/IEC 10646-l was prepared by Joint Technical
Committee lSO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Sub-Committee SC 2,
Character sets and information coding.
lSO/IEC 10646 consists of the following parts, under the general title In-
formation technology - Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set
(KS):
- Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane
Additional parts will specify other planes.
Annexes A and B form an integral part of this part of lSO/IEC 10646. An-
nexes C to N are for information only.
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ISOllEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
Introduction
ISOAEC 10646 specifies the Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set
(UCS). It is applicable to the representation, transmission, interchange,
processing, storage, input and presentation of the written form of the
languages (scripts) of the world as well as additional symbols.
This part of ISOAEC 10646 specifies the overall architecture and the Basic
Multilingual Plane (BMP) of the UCS.
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ISO/IEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
vi
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~~~
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 10646-I : 1993 (E)
Information technology - Universal Multiple-Octet
Coded Character Set (UCS) -
Part 1:
Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane
1 Scope 2 Conformance
ISO/l EC 10646 specifies the Universal Multiple-Octet
2.1 General
Coded Character Set (UCS). It is applicable to the
Whenever Private Use characters are used as
interchange,
representation, transmission,
specified in ISO/IEC 10646, the characters
processing, storage, input and presentation of the
themselves shall not be covered by these
written form of the languages of the world as well as
conformance requirements.
additional symbols.
This part of ISO/lEC 10646 specifies the overall
2.2 Conformance of information interchange
architecture, and
A coded-character-data-element (CC-data-element)
within coded information for interchange is in
- defines terms used in ISO/IEC 10646;
conformance with ISO/IEC 10646 if
- describes the general structure of the coded
a) all the coded representations of graphic
character set;
characters within that CC-data-element conform to
- specifies the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) of the
clauses 6 and 7, to an identified form chosen from
UCS, and defines a set of graphic characters used in
clause 14, and to an identified implementation level
scripts and the written form of languages on a
chosen from clause 15;
world-wide scale;
b) all the graphic characters represented within that
- specifies the names for the graphic characters of
CC-data-element are taken from those within an
the BMP, and the coded representations;
identified subset (clause 13);
- specifies the four-octet (32-bit) canonical form of
c) all the coded representations of control functions
the UCS: UCS-4;
within that CC-data-element conform to clause 16.
- specifies a two-octet (16-bit) BMP form of the UCS:
A claim of conformance shall identify the adopted
ucs-2;
form, the adopted implementation level and the
adopted subset by means of a list of collections
- specifies the coded representations for control
and/or characters.
functions;
- specifies the management of future additions to this
2.3 Conformance of devices
coded character set.
A device is in conformance with ISO/IEC 10646 if it
The UCS is a coding system different from that
conforms to the requirements of item a) below, and
specified in IS0 2022. The method to designate
either or both of items b) , and c).
UCS from IS0 2022 is specified in 17.2.
NOTE - The term device is defined (in 4.17) as a
component of information processing equipment which can
transmit and/or receive coded information within
CC-data-elements. A device may be a conventional
1
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ISOAEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
such as an application
input/output device, or a process editions of the standards listed below. Members of
program or gateway function.
IEC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid
International Standards.
A claim of conformance shall identify the document
IS0 2022:1986 Information processing - IS0 7-bit
that contains the description specified in a) below,
and 8-bit coded character sets -Code extension
and shall identify the adopted form(s), the adopted
techniques.
implementation level, the adopted subset (by means
of a list of collections and/or characters), and the
ISO/lEC 6429:1992 Information technology -
selection of control functions adopted in accordance
Control functions for coded character sets.
with clause 16.
a) Device description: A device that conforms to
4 Definitions
ISO/IEC 10646 shall be the subject of a description
that identifies the means by which the user may
For the purposes of ISO/IEC 10646, the following
supply characters to the device and/or may
definitions apply :
recognise them when they are made available to the
user, as specified respectively, in subclauses b), and 4.1 Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) : Plane 00 of
c) below. Group 00.
b) Originating device: An originating device shall 4.2 block : A contiguous collection of characters that
allow its user to supply any characters from an
share common characteristics, such as script.
adopted subset, and be capable of transmitting their
4.3 canonical form : The form with which characters
coded representations within a CC-data-element in
of this coded character set are specified using four
accordance with the adopted form and
octets to represent each character.
implementation level.
4.4 CC-data-element (Coded-Character-Data-
c) Receiving device: A receiving device shall be
Element) : An element of interchanged information
capable of receiving and interpreting any coded
that is specified to consist of a sequence of coded
representation of characters that are within a
representations of characters, in accordance with
CC-data-element in accordance with the adopted
one or more identified standards for coded character
form and implementation level, and shall make any
sets.
corresponding characters from the adopted subset
available to the user in such a way that the user can 4.5 cell : The place within a row at which an
identify them. individual character may be allocated.
Any corresponding characters that are not within the 4.6 character : A member of a set of elements used
adopted subset shall be indicated to the user in a for the organisation, control, or representation of
way which need not allow them to be distinguished data.
from each other.
4.7 character boundary : Within a stream of octets
NOTES
the demarcation between the last octet of the coded
representation of a character and the first octet of
An indication to the user may consist of making available
1
that of the next coded character.
the same character to represent all characters not in the
adopted subset, or providing a distinctive audible or visible
4.8 coded character : A character together with its
signal when appropriate to the type of user.
coded representation.
receiving with
2 See also annex H for
4.9 coded character set : A set of unambiguous
re-transmission capability.
rules that establishes a character set and the
relationship between the characters of the set and
their coded representation.
3 Normative references
4.10 code table : A table showing the characters
allocated to the octets in a code.
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
4.11 combining character : A member of an
this part of ISO/IEC 10646. At the time of publication,
identified subset of the coded character set of
the editions indicated were. valid. All standards are
ISO/IEC 10646 intended for combination with the
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
preceding non-combining graphic character, or with
on this part of ISO/IEC 10646 are encouraged to
a sequence of combining characters preceded by a
investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
non-combining character (see also 4.13).
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lSO/IEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
NOTE - This part of ISO/IEC 10646 specifies several subset
4.24 plane : A subdivision of a group; of 256 x 256
collections which include combining characters.
cells.
4.25 presentation; to present : The process of
4.12 compatibility character : A graphic character
writing, printing, or displaying a graphic symbol.
included as a coded character of ISO/IEC 10646
primarily for compatibility with existing coded
4.26 presentation form : In the presentation of
character sets.
some scripts, a form of a graphic symbol
representing a character that depends on the
4.13 composite sequence : A sequence of graphic
position of the character relative to other characters.
characters consisting of a non-combining character
followed by one or more combining characters (see
4.27 private use planes : Planes within this coded
also 4.11).
character set the contents of which are not specified
in ISO/IEC 10646 (see 10.1).
NOTES
4.28 repertoire :
A specified set of characters that
1 A graphic symbol for a composite sequence generally
are represented in a coded character set.
consists of the combination of the graphic symbols of each
character in the sequence.
4.29 row : A subdivision of a plane; of 256 cells.
2 A composite sequence is not a character and therefore is
4.30 script : A set of graphic characters used for the
not a member of the repertoire of ISO/lEC 10646.
written form of one or more languages.
4.31 supplementary planes : Planes that
4.14 control function : An action that affects the
accommodate characters which have not been
recording, processing, transmission or interpretation
allocated to the Basic Multilingual Plane.
of data, and that has a coded representation
consisting of one or more octets.
4.32 user : A person or other entity that invokes the
service provided by a device. (This entity may be a
4.15 default state : The state that is assumed when
process such as an application program if the
no state has been explicitly specified.
“device” is a code converter or a gateway function,
4.16 detailed code table : A code table showing the
for example.)
individual characters, and normally showing a partial
4.33 zone : A sequence of cells of a code table,
row.
or more rows, either in whole or in
comprising one
4.17 device : A component of information
part, containing characters of a particular class (see
processing equipment which can transmit and/or
clause 8).
receive coded information within CC-data-elements.
(It may be an input/output device in the conventional
sense, or a process such as an application program
5 General structure of the UCS
or gateway function.)
The general structure of the Universal Multiple-Octet
4.18 graphic character : A character, other than a
Coded Character Set (referred to hereafter as “this
control function, that has a visual representation
coded character set”) is described in this explanatory
normally handwritten, printed, or displayed.
clause, and is illustrated in figures 1 and 2. The
4.19 graphic symbol : The visual representation of normative specification of the structure is given in
a graphic character or of a composite sequence.
later clauses.
4.20 group : A subdivision of the coding space of The value of any octet is expressed in hexadecimal
this coded character set; of 256 x 256 x 256 cells. notation from 00 to FF in ISO/IEC 10646 (see annex
.
J)
4.21 interchange : The transfer of character coded
another, using
data from one user to The canonical form of this coded character set - the
telecommunication means or interchangeable media. way in which it is to be conceived - uses a
four-dimensional coding space, regarded as a single
4.22 interworking : The process of permitting two or
entity, consisting of 128 three-dimensional groups.
more systems, each employing different coded
NOTE - Thus, bit 8 of the most significant octet in the
character sets, meaningfully to interchange
canonical form of a coded character can be used for internal
character coded data; conversion between the two
processing purposes within a device as long as it is set to
codes may be involved.
zero within a conforming CC-data-element.
An ordered sequence of eight bits
4.23 octet :
Each group consists of 256 two-dimensional planes.
considered as a unit.
3
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iSO/IEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
Each plane consists of 256 one-dimensional rows, a single entity.
each row containing 256 cells. A character is located
This entire coded character set shall be conceived of
and coded at a cell within this coding space or the
as comprising 128 groups of 256 planes. Each plane
cell is declared unused.
shall be regarded as containing 256 rows of
In the canonical form, four octets are used to characters, each row containing 256 cells. In a code
represent each character, and they specify the table representing the contents of a plane (such as
group, plane, row and cell, respectively. The in figure 2), the horizontal axis shall represent the
canonical form consists of four octets since two least significant octet, with its smaller value to the
octets are not sufficient to cover all the characters in left; and the vertical axis shall represent the more
the world, and a 32-bit representation follows significant octet, with its smaller value at the top.
modern processor architectures.
Each axis of the coding space shall be coded by one
The four-octet canonical form can be used as a octet. Within each octet the most significant bit shall
four-octet coded character set in which case it is be bit 8 and the least significant bit shall be bit I.
called UCS-4.
Accordingly, the weight allocated to each bit shall
The first plane (Plane 00 of Group 00) is called the
be
Basic Multilingual Plane. The Basic Multilingual
Plane includes characters in general use in
bit 8 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1
alphabetic, syllabic and ideographic scripts together
128 64 32 16 8 4
2 1
with various symbols and digits. The BMP also has a
Restricted Use (RU) zone in which the characters
6.2 Coding of characters
have special characteristics.
In the canonical form of the coded character set,
The subsequent planes are regarded as
each character within the entire coded character set
supplementary or private use planes, which will
shall be represented by a sequence of four octets.
accommodate additional graphic characters.
The most significant octet of this sequence shall be
the group-octet. The least significant octet of this
The 32 planes with Plane-octet values EO to FF of
sequence shall be the cell-octet. Thus this sequence
Group 00 are for Private Use. The 32 groups with
may be represented as
Group-octet values 60 to 7F of this coded character
set are also for Private Use. The contents of the cells
m.s.
Is
in Private Use zones are not specified in ISO/IEC
Group-octet 1 Plane-octet1 Row-octet 1 Cell-octet
10646.
where m.s. means the most significant octet, and I.s.
Each character is located within the coded character
means the least significant octet.
set in terms of its Group-octet, Plane-octet,
Row-octet, and Cell-octet.
For brevity, the octets may be termed
In addition to the canonical form, a two-octet BMP
m.s.
Is I
form is specified. Thus, the Basic Multilingual Plane
G-octet 1 P-octet 1 R-octet 1 C-octet ’
can be used as a two-octet coded character set
identified as UCS-2.
Where appropriate, these may be further
abbreviated to G, P, R, and C.
Subsets of the coding space may be used in order to
give a sub-repertoire of graphic characters.
The value of any octet shall be represented by two
hexadecimal digits, for examples: 31 or FE. When a
A UCS Transformation Format (UTF-1) is specified
single character is to be identified in terms of the
in annex G which can be used to transmit text data
values of its group, plane, row and cell, this shall be
through communication systems which are sensitive
represented such as:
to octet values for control characters coded
according to the structure of IS0 2022.
0000 0030 for DIGIT ZERO
0000 0041 for LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
6 Basic structure and nomenclature
When referring to characters within a plane, the
leading four zeros (for G-octet and P-octet) may be
6.1 Structure
omitted. For example, 0030 may be used to refer to
DIGIT ZERO.
The Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set
as specified in lSO/IEC 10646 shall be regarded as
4
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ISOllEC 10646-1 : 1993 (E)
Group 7F
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0 0
Group 01
0
0
0
0
\
0
0
0
Plane 00 of
Group 7F
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Group 00
0
0
0
Plane 00 of Group 01
Each plane:
256 x 256
CdS.
h
Plane FF of Group 00
Plane 00 of Group 00
Figure 1 - Entire coding space of the Universal Multiple-Octet Coded
Character Set
5
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ISOAEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
Supplementary planes
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1-M
r--r L 111111111111111111 llllSlll
I I
I
I
I I
I
I I
I
I I
I
--. -----
I
I I
I
FF
80
00 I I
I
Row-
I I
I
octet I I
I
I I
I
I I
I
I I
A-zone I
I I
I
I I
I
I I
I
I I
I
4E I I
I
I I
I
I I
I
I I
I
I I
I
I-zone
I I
I
I I
I
I I
I FF
I I
I I
EO
I I
I I
I
A0 I I
.
m-11
I
I
O-zone
80
I 1
I
I
l-II-
EO 01
R-zone
FF 00
Private Use
planes
Basic Multilingual Plane
Plane-octet
Labels A-zone, l-zone, O-zone, and R-zone are specified in clause 8.
Figure 2 - Group 00 of the Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set
6
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ISOAEC 10646-l : 1993 (E)
The Basic Multilingual Plane shall be divided into
6.3 Octet order
four zones:
The sequence of the octets that represent a
character, and the most significant and least
A-zone:
code positions 0000 to 4DFF
significant ends of it, shall be maintained as shown
l-zone:
code positions 4EOO to 9FFF
above. When serialised as octets, a more significant
O-zone:
code positions A000 to DFFF
octet shall precede less significant octets. When not
R-zone:
code positions EOOO to FFFD
serialised as octets, the order of octets may be
specified by agreement between sender and
00 FF
recipient (see 17.1 and annex F).
o”~*-Ioneo
7 Special features of the UCS
4ErOnei20992pOSiOnE)I
The following characteristics apply to the entire
coded character set.
A0
1.
The values of P-, and R-, and C-octets used for
O-zone (16384 positions)
I I
representing graphic characters shall be in the I
EO
range 00 to FF. The values of G-octets used for
R-zone (8190 positions)
representation of graphic characters shall be in
the range 00 to 7F. On any plane, code positions
FFFE and FFFF shall not be used.
Code positions 0000 to OOIF in the BMP are
resewed for control characters, and code position
NOTE - Code position FFFE is reserved for “signature” (see
007F is reserved for the character DELETE (see
annex F). Code position FFFF can be used for internal
clause 16). Code positions 0080 to 009F are
processing uses requiring a numeric value that is guaranteed
not to be a coded character such as in terminating tables, or
reserved.
signaling end-of-text. Since it is the largest two-octet value, it
In the Basic Multilingual Plane, the A-zone is used
may also be used as the final value in binary or sequential
searching index.
for alphabetic and syllabic scripts together with
various symbols. The l-zone is used for
Code positions to which a character is not
Chinese/Japanese/Korean (CJK) unified ideographs
allocated, except for the positions reserved for
(unified East Asian ideographs). The O-zone is
Private Use characters, are reserved for future
reserved for future standardisation. The R-zone shall
standardisation and shall not be used for any
be used for the Restricted Use zone in the BMP
other purpose. Future editions of ISO/IEC 10646
which contains Private Use characters, presentation
will not allocate any characters to code positions
forms, and compatibility characters (see clause 10) .
reserved for Private Use characters.
The same graphic character shall not be
allocated to more than one code position. There
9 Other planes
are graphic characters with similar shapes in the
Planes 01 to DF in Group 00 and planes 00 to FF in
coded character set; they are used for different
Groups 01 to 5F are reserved for future
purposes and have different character names.
standardisation, and thus those code positions shall
Compatibility characters are included in ISO/IEC
not be used for any other purpose.
10646 primarily for compatibility with existing
coded character sets to allow two-way code
conversion without loss of information.
10 The Restricted Use zone
Sets of graphic characters that are used in particular
8 The Basic Multilingual Plane
ways are provided in the Restricted Use zone. These
sets include:
Plane 00 of Group 00 shall be the Basic Multilingual
a) Private Use characters,
Plane (BMP). The BMP can be used as a two-octet
coded character set in which case it shall be called
b) Presentation forms of characters,
UCS-2 (see 14.1).
c) Compatibility characters (see item 4 in clause 7).
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ISO/IEC 10646-I : 1993 (E)
10.1 Private Use characters
12 Revision and updating of the UCS
Private Use characters are not restrained in any way
The revision and updating of this coded character
by ISO/IEC 10646. Private Use characters can be
set will be carried out by ISO/IEC JTClSC2.
used to provide user-defined characters. For
NOTE - It is intended that in future editions of ISOAEC
example, this is a common requirement for users of
10646, the names and allocation of the characters in this
ideographic scripts.
edition will remain unchanged.
NOTE 1 - For meaningful interchange of Private Use
characters, an agreement, independent of ISOAEC 10646,
is necessary between sender and recipient.
13 Subsets
Private Use characters can be used for
ISO/IEC 10646 provides the specification of subsets
dynamically-redefinable characters (DRCS)
of coded graphic characters for use in interchange,
applications.
by originating devices and by receiving devices.
NOTE 2 - For meaningful interchange of DRCS, an
agreement, independent of ISOAEC 10646 is necessary
There are two alternatives for the specification of
between sender and recipient. ISOAEC 10646 does not
subsets; limited subset and selected subset. An
specify the techniques for defining or setting up
adopted subset may comprise either of them, or a
dynamically-redefinable characters.
combination of the two.
10.2 Presentation forms of characters
13.1 Limited subset
Each presentation form of character provides an
A limited subset consists of a list of graphic
...
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